The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use TCP/IP to serve billions of users worldwide. It originated from research networks developed by ARPA in the 1960s and was commercialized in the 1990s with the introduction of the World Wide Web. The Internet allows computers anywhere in the world to connect and exchange information through wired and wireless technologies. It has transformed education by providing access to online resources, remote learning platforms, and digital tools that enhance teaching and learning.

1. SIDDARAJU
MSc, MEd,(Ph.D.)
Lecturer
Dr. G A Naribole B.Ed College,
Sagara, Shivamogga, Karnataka,
India.
gmail:Siddusachin999@gmail.com
Mob No: 9964099466

2.  Developed by the Advanced Research Projects Agency
(ARPA) of the U.S. government in 1969 and was first
known as the ARPANET.
 The original aim was to create a network that would
allow users of a research computer at one university
to "talk to" research computers at other universities.
 In 1974, researchers Vint Cerf and Robert Kahn
introduced the idea of an Internet Protocol Suite,
commonly known as TCP/IP (Transmission Control
Protocol/Internet Protocol). The two protocols provide
a framework for computers to send and receive data
over disparate, interconnected networks.
 Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
(TCP/IP) is the language a computer uses to access
the internet. It consists of a suite of protocols
designed to establish a network of networks to
provide a host with access to the internet.

3. As the concept of internetworking gained
momentum in the 1980s, the National Science
Foundation established the National Science
Foundation Network (NSFNET).
The NSFNET became a backbone for the
internet and essentially created a “network of
networks” that expanded network access
beyond the Department of Defense’s earlier
ARPANET.

4.  It wasn’t until 1989, however, when British computer
scientist Sir Tim Berners-Lee proposed the idea of
interconnecting digital content as well as networks
that people began to appreciate the potential of the
internet.
 In his proposal, Berners-Lee outlined the concept
of hypertext and a new markup language to create an
information-sharing system.
 This system used HyperText Markup Language
(HTML) to create the web pages and HTTP (HyperText
Transfer Protocol) to transmit the data.
 Mosaic, the first browser, marked another significant
milestone in the popularization of the World Wide
Web. Its graphical user interface (GUI), support for
images, and intuitive navigation played a crucial role
in making the Internet more accessible.

5. Decade Key Internet Development
1960s
Development of internetwork communication protocols by the
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) in the US.
1970s
TCP/IP becomes the standard protocol for routing packets within
and across networks.
1980s The term “Internet” is used to describe interconnected networks.
1990s HTML transforms the concept of the World Wide Web into a reality.
2000s
User-generated content and mobile devices revolutionize how
people access and interact with the Web.
2010s
High-speed broadband internet enables the transformation of cloud
computing into a business strategy.
2020s
Covid-19 restrictions highlight the importance of treating the
Internet as a utility by facilitating the shift to remote work, online
learning, and virtual events.

6.  Interconnected networks
 Sometimes called simply “The net”
 Internet is a means of connecting a computer to any other
computer located anywhere in the world via dedicated
routers and servers.
 A server is a device that makes information available
online.
 A router is a device that routes information from one place
to another..
 A router is a networking device that forwards data packets
between computer networks.
 When two computers are connected over the Internet, they
can send and receive all kinds of information such as text,
graphics, voice, video, and computer programs.
 a global computer network providing a variety of
information and communication facilities, consisting
of interconnected networks using standardized
communication protocols.

7. The Internet is a global system of
interconnected computer networks that use the
standard Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to
serve billions of users worldwide. It is a network
of networks that consists of millions of private,
public, academic, business, and government
networks, of local to global, that are linked by a
broad array of electronic, wireless and optical
networking technologies.
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8.  Internet is a means of connecting a
computer to any other computer anywhere
in the world.
 The internet, short for "interconnected
networks," is a vast global network of
computers and computer networks that are
connected through various means, including
wired and wireless connections. It enables the
exchange of data and information across the
world, allowing individuals and organizations
to communicate, access resources, and share
information.

9.  Broadband Internet: This includes DSL (Digital Subscriber
Line), cable, fiber-optic, and satellite connections.
Broadband connections offer high-speed internet access
suitable for various online activities.
 Dial-up Internet: Although less common now, dial-up
connections use a standard telephone line to access the
internet. It offers slower speeds compared to broadband.
 Mobile Internet: Mobile internet is accessed through
cellular networks, and it's widely used on smartphones and
tablets. It includes 3G, 4G, and 5G networks, each offering
different speeds and capabilities.
 Wireless Internet: This includes Wi-Fi, which provides
wireless access to the internet within a limited range. Wi-Fi
is commonly used in homes, businesses, Universities,
educational Institutions, and public places.
 Satellite Internet: Satellite internet relies on
communication satellites to provide internet access,
making it suitable for remote or rural areas.

10. The internet has transformed education in numerous ways, making learning
more accessible, flexible, and diverse.
 school system: 1) student admission, 2) academic evaluation, 3) classroom
teaching-learning activities, 4) school administration and management. Moreover,
it is used: 1) as a teaching machine, 2) as a source of information, 3) as a
communication tool, 4) as a support to teacher and students., and 5) as an
artificial intelligence tool.
 Access to Information: The internet provides an extensive repository of
information, allowing students and educators to access a vast array of resources
such as articles, research papers, textbooks, and multimedia content.
 Online Learning Platforms: Educational websites and platforms offer a wide range
of courses, from primary to higher education. Students can access lectures,
assignments, and resources online, enabling self-paced learning.
 Research and Information: The internet is a vast repository of information, making
research easier for students and educators. Online libraries, academic journals,
and search engines provide access to a wealth of knowledge.
 Communication: Teachers and students can communicate through email,
discussion forums, and video conferencing tools, allowing for remote learning,
collaboration, and feedback.
 Digital Resources: E-books, educational videos, interactive simulations, and open
educational resources (OERs) are readily available on the internet, enhancing the
learning experience.
 Collaborative Tools: Online collaboration tools like Google Workspace and
Microsoft 365 facilitate group projects and document sharing, promoting
teamwork and productivity.

11.  Assessment and Feedback: Many educational institutions use online
platforms for conducting quizzes, exams, and assessments. These tools
provide instant feedback and automate grading processes, saving time
for educators and providing immediate feedback to students.
 Remote Learning: The internet allows students to participate in virtual
classrooms and access educational content from anywhere, making it
particularly useful during times of crises, such as the COVID-19
pandemic.
 Professional Development: Educators can engage in online professional
development, workshops, and webinars to enhance their teaching skills
and knowledge.
 Global Learning: The internet connects students and educators
worldwide, enabling cross-cultural experiences and global
collaborations.
 Education Management: Educational institutions use the internet for
administrative tasks, such as enrollment, scheduling, and record-
keeping, improving efficiency.
 E-Learning and Online Courses: The internet offers a plethora of online
courses, from MOOCs (Massive Open Online Courses) to specialized
programs. These courses provide flexibility in terms of scheduling and
location, making education more accessible to a global audience.

12.  Distance Learning: The internet enables students to
earn degrees and certificates from institutions around
the world without physically attending classes. This is
particularly beneficial for individuals who cannot
relocate or have other commitments.
 Collaborative Learning: Online platforms facilitate
collaborative projects and discussions among
students and educators, fostering a sense of
community and allowing for diverse perspectives.
 Digital Libraries: Digital libraries and online archives
make historical documents, rare books, and other
resources accessible to students and researchers,
regardless of their location.
 Multimedia Learning: Educational websites, videos,
animations, and interactive simulations enhance
learning by catering to various learning styles and
making complex concepts easier to understand.

13.  Communication: Email, discussion forums,
and instant messaging enable students to
communicate with instructors and peers for
questions, discussions, and project
collaboration.
 Teacher Resources: Teachers can access
lesson plans, educational apps, and teaching
materials online to enhance their instructional
strategies.

14.  Online Educational Games: Educational games and
gamification elements can make learning more
engaging and enjoyable for students of all ages.
 Open Educational Resources (OER): OER are freely
accessible, openly licensed educational materials that
can be used, adapted, and shared by educators,
reducing the cost of textbooks and other resources.
 Career Development: The internet offers access to
resources for career planning, job searching, and skill
development, helping students prepare for the
workforce.
 Special Needs Education: Online tools and resources
can be customized to meet the needs of students
with disabilities, making education more inclusive.

15. Thank you