Basic ECG 2
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ECG is very important tool in diagnosis of various cardiovascular diseases ,it is important for every one dealing with cardiac patients to be aware about the basic information of electocardiogram, so my 2nd lecture focused on measurements abnormalities, abnormalities of rhythm, and conduction and various cardiac chamber abnormalities of ST-segment and T-waves .
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Basic ecg1
The document provides information on how to perform and interpret a basic electrocardiogram (ECG). It outlines the 10 main components that should be evaluated in a normal ECG, including the P wave, PR interval, QRS complex, ST segment, T wave, and QT interval. Reference ranges for durations and amplitudes of each component are provided. The document also discusses how to determine heart rate using the Rule of 300 or 10 Second Rule and identifies some abnormal findings that may be present, such as signs of atrial or ventricular enlargement.
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The document outlines a systematic 7+2 step approach for interpreting electrocardiograms (ECGs) that involves analyzing the rhythm, rate, conduction, axes, wave morphologies, segment changes, and comparing to previous ECGs to form a clinical conclusion. The 7 steps examine the rhythm, rate, conduction intervals, axes, P wave, QRS, and ST-T wave morphologies. The +2 steps involve comparing the ECG to previous tracings and formulating a concluding statement.
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The document provides an overview of electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) interpretation. It discusses cardiac anatomy and physiology relevant to understanding ECGs. The basics of the 12-lead ECG system are explained, including the six limb leads and six precordial leads. Components of the ECG waveform like the P, QRS, and T waves are defined. An 8-step method for ECG interpretation is outlined, beginning with analyzing the rhythm and rate, and then evaluating each waveform and interval. Key points include determining normal durations for the P wave, PR interval, QRS complex, QT interval, and identifying abnormalities. The summary restates normal findings for a sinus rhythm ECG.
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This document provides an overview of ECG interpretation, including conduction pathways, a systematic method of interpretation, and common abnormalities seen in critical care. It discusses supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias, bundle branch blocks, heart block, and life-threatening arrhythmias such as ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, and asystole. It also covers the basics of 12-lead ECG interpretation including lead placement and axis.
Basic Ecg
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1. The document discusses electrocardiographic (ECG) interpretation including determining cardiac rate and rhythm, identifying conduction disturbances, myocardial ischemia or infarction, and other abnormalities.
2. It provides details on properly placing ECG leads and determining the cardiac axis. Common rhythms, conduction blocks, hypertrophy, and other ECG findings are explained.
3. A mnemonic device, RRAHIM, is presented to guide the systematic interpretation of an ECG, covering rate, rhythm, axis, hypertrophy, ischemia/infarction, and other findings.
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The document provides information on how to perform and interpret a basic electrocardiogram (ECG). It outlines the 10 main components that should be evaluated in a normal ECG, including the P wave, PR interval, QRS complex, ST segment, T wave, and QT interval. Reference ranges for durations and amplitudes of each component are provided. The document also discusses how to determine heart rate using the Rule of 300 or 10 Second Rule and identifies some abnormal findings that may be present, such as signs of atrial or ventricular enlargement.
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The document provides an overview of electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) interpretation. It discusses cardiac anatomy and physiology relevant to understanding ECGs. The basics of the 12-lead ECG system are explained, including the six limb leads and six precordial leads. Components of the ECG waveform like the P, QRS, and T waves are defined. An 8-step method for ECG interpretation is outlined, beginning with analyzing the rhythm and rate, and then evaluating each waveform and interval. Key points include determining normal durations for the P wave, PR interval, QRS complex, QT interval, and identifying abnormalities. The summary restates normal findings for a sinus rhythm ECG.
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The document provides information about electrocardiography (EKG/ECG). It describes the conduction system of the heart and how electrical signals are conducted to trigger heart contractions. It explains how an EKG works, including electrode placement and what different parts of the EKG waveform represent. It also covers how to interpret an EKG, such as measuring heart rate and identifying abnormalities. Common abnormalities, their causes, and clinical significance are discussed.
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This document provides an overview of ECG interpretation, including conduction pathways, a systematic method of interpretation, and common abnormalities seen in critical care. It discusses supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias, bundle branch blocks, heart block, and life-threatening arrhythmias such as ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, and asystole. It also covers the basics of 12-lead ECG interpretation including lead placement and axis.
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ELECTROCARDIOGRAM
1. The document discusses electrocardiographic (ECG) interpretation including determining cardiac rate and rhythm, identifying conduction disturbances, myocardial ischemia or infarction, and other abnormalities.
2. It provides details on properly placing ECG leads and determining the cardiac axis. Common rhythms, conduction blocks, hypertrophy, and other ECG findings are explained.
3. A mnemonic device, RRAHIM, is presented to guide the systematic interpretation of an ECG, covering rate, rhythm, axis, hypertrophy, ischemia/infarction, and other findings.
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This document provides an overview of basic ECG analysis and interpretation skills. It defines what an ECG is and its purposes, including documenting arrhythmias, establishing a cardiac baseline, and monitoring during anesthesia and surgery. Key questions for ECG evaluation include assessing normal heart rate and rhythm, complex similarity, and presence of P waves. Common arrhythmias like premature ventricular contractions, ventricular tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, and various types of heart block are described. Methods for calculating heart rate based on paper speed and identifying features of normal sinus rhythm versus arrhythmias are also outlined.
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This document provides an overview of ECG interpretation including:
- The anatomy of the heart's conduction system and how ECG leads are attached
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- Normal P, QRS, and T waves along with intervals like PR and QT
- Abnormalities that can indicate conditions like blocks, arrhythmias, and hypertrophy
- Electrolyte imbalances that can affect the ECG tracing
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The document provides an overview of electrocardiography (ECG) interpretation. It discusses the heart's electrical conduction system and action potential, as well as the basics of reading an ECG including assessing rhythm, rate, axis, P waves, QRS complex, ST segment, and T waves. It outlines common abnormalities and provides examples of ECG interpretations for case scenarios involving myocardial infarction, left ventricular hypertrophy, sinus arrhythmia, and atrial fibrillation. The goal is to teach readers how to systematically evaluate an ECG tracing and identify potential cardiac issues.
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3. The document outlines a 6-step approach for reading 12-lead ECGs: determining rate, rhythm, axis, intervals, hypertrophy, and evidence of infarction.
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- An ECG records the electrical activity of the heart over time using electrodes placed on the skin. It detects tiny electrical changes arising from the heart muscle contracting during each heartbeat.
- The cardiac impulse originates in the sinoatrial node and travels through the atria and ventricles via specialized conduction pathways before the ventricles contract.
- A standard 12-lead ECG provides multiple views of the heart to analyze the rate and rhythm of the heart as well as measure key intervals like the PR interval, QRS duration, and QT interval to identify any abnormalities.
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This document provides an overview of ECG interpretation including:
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- How to read an ECG strip and calculate heart rate
- Normal P, QRS, and T waves along with intervals like PR and QT
- Abnormalities that can indicate conditions like blocks, arrhythmias, and hypertrophy
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It concludes with examples of ECG strips and questions to test the reader's understanding.
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- Guidance on interpreting ECG findings related to conditions like myocardial infarction, hypertrophy, and conduction blocks.
- Algorithms for managing cardiac arrest and arrhythmia rhythms.
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The ECG represents the electrical activity of the heart. It can provide insight into cardiac pathophysiology by analyzing the distinctive waveforms of each cardiac event. The ECG can identify arrhythmias, ischemia, infarction, pericarditis, chamber hypertrophy, and electrolyte disturbances. The standard 12-lead ECG consists of 3 limb leads, 3 augmented limb leads, and 6 precordial leads, which provide different views of the heart. Analysis of the P wave, PR interval, QRS complex, ST segment, T wave, and QT interval can reveal normal sinus rhythm or abnormalities that require further investigation.
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The document provides an overview of electrocardiography (ECG) interpretation. It discusses the heart's electrical conduction system and action potential, as well as the basics of reading an ECG including assessing rhythm, rate, axis, P waves, QRS complex, ST segment, and T waves. It outlines common abnormalities and provides examples of ECG interpretations for case scenarios involving myocardial infarction, left ventricular hypertrophy, sinus arrhythmia, and atrial fibrillation. The goal is to teach readers how to systematically evaluate an ECG tracing and identify potential cardiac issues.
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1. The document discusses different aspects of electrocardiography (ECG), including lead placement, normal ECG components, and how to read an ECG.
2. It provides details on properly placing the precordial leads on the chest and explains Einthoven's triangle.
3. The document outlines a 6-step approach for reading 12-lead ECGs: determining rate, rhythm, axis, intervals, hypertrophy, and evidence of infarction.
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ECGs produce a graph of the heart's electrical activity by detecting the potential differences between electrodes placed on the skin. The electrodes pick up the electrical impulse conducted through the heart muscle and body. The ECG machine reads and records the differences in potential to draw a graph over time. The graph consists of waves, segments, and intervals that provide information about atrial and ventricular depolarization and repolarization during each heartbeat cycle.
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The document discusses the basics of interpreting a 12-lead ECG, including measuring heart rate and analyzing rhythm, intervals, axis deviation, and signs of hypertrophy. It covers normal cardiac anatomy and the two basic functions of the heart: circulating blood and adjusting blood flow in response to bodily factors. Key aspects are rate, rhythm, intervals, axis deviation, lead placement, and indicators of left ventricular, right ventricular, and bi-ventricular hypertrophy.
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- An ECG records the electrical activity of the heart over time using electrodes placed on the skin. It detects tiny electrical changes arising from the heart muscle contracting during each heartbeat.
- The cardiac impulse originates in the sinoatrial node and travels through the atria and ventricles via specialized conduction pathways before the ventricles contract.
- A standard 12-lead ECG provides multiple views of the heart to analyze the rate and rhythm of the heart as well as measure key intervals like the PR interval, QRS duration, and QT interval to identify any abnormalities.
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This document discusses various abnormalities that can be seen on electrocardiograms (ECGs). It covers rate abnormalities like tachycardia and bradycardia. It also discusses atrial and ventricular enlargements and the patterns they produce. Various rhythm abnormalities are outlined like junctional rhythm, idioventricular rhythm, and atrioventricular blocks. Bundle branch blocks and fascicular blocks are also described. The document then covers electrolyte disturbances and various arrhythmias including supraventricular arrhythmias, ventricular tachycardias, ventricular fibrillation, and patterns seen in myocardial infarction. It concludes by emphasizing the importance of ECG in identifying many heart conditions and changes.
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Basic ecg
ECG is very important tool in diagnosis of various cardiovascular diseases ,it is important for every one dealing with cardiac patients to be aware about the basic information of electocardiogram, so my 1st lecture focused on conductiong system of the heart , the generation of deflection in ECG , and normal morphology of its waveform, and lastly focus oh method to determine heart rate and cadiac axis .
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ecgworkshop-180204063605vvvvvvvvvvvb.pdf
The document provides an overview of basics of ECG reading, including:
- What a 12-lead ECG is and why it is performed to monitor heart rate, rhythm, and detect diseases or disturbances.
- The anatomical position of the heart and impulse conduction pathway.
- Explanation of the P, Q, R, S, and T waves and normal ECG intervals.
- Description of the limb leads and chest leads used to view the heart from different angles.
- How to determine heart rate, rhythm, axis, and identify abnormalities.
Ecg workshop
The document provides an overview of electrocardiography (ECG), describing what a 12-lead ECG is and why it is performed. It explains ECG components like the P wave, QRS complex, and T wave, and how they relate to electrical conduction through the heart. Common arrhythmias, blocks, abnormalities and their ECG presentations are outlined to aid in ECG interpretation.
How to read 12 lead ECG
(1) The ECG shows normal sinus rhythm with a heart rate of 75 beats per minute and a slightly prolonged QT interval.
(2) There are abnormal Q waves in leads II, III, and aVF along with ST segment elevations and T wave inversions, consistent with an inferolateral myocardial infarction.
(3) The findings also include an early precordial transition with a relatively tall R wave in lead V2, which could reflect posterior wall involvement.
Cardiovascular System
The document provides an overview of electrocardiography (ECG/EKG) including its uses in diagnosis, components of an ECG reading, normal values, abnormalities, and interpretations. Key aspects of ECG such as P waves, QRS complex, ST segment, T wave, and measurements including axes are defined. Common conditions involving the heart's rhythm and structure that can be identified on ECG are also summarized.
GRAPHICS-WIDE COMPLEX TACHYCARDIAS- APPROACH.pptx
This document discusses approaches for differentiating wide complex tachycardias (WCTs) on electrocardiograms (ECGs). It may indicate ventricular tachycardia (VT), supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) with abnormal conduction, or ventricular pacing rhythms. Diagnosis is important for acute and long-term management. The document outlines ECG criteria including QRS morphology, axis, concordance, AV dissociation, and the aVR algorithm that can help distinguish VT from SVT when the rhythm presents as a wide complex tachycardia. A stepwise differential diagnosis approach integrating these ECG features is recommended to determine if the underlying rhythm is VT or SVT.
44 E C G
The 11-step method provides a systematic approach to reading EKGs:
1. Gather data such as heart rate, intervals, and axis.
2. Diagnose rhythm, conduction blocks, enlargement, and infarction by applying specific criteria.
3. Potential diagnoses are identified through disturbances of rhythm, conduction, hypertrophy, and ischemia. The relationship between P waves and QRS complexes helps determine block types.
44 E C G
The 11-step method provides a systematic approach to reading EKGs:
1. Gather data such as heart rate, intervals, and axis.
2. Diagnose rhythm, conduction blocks, enlargement, and infarction by applying specific criteria.
3. Potential diagnoses are identified through disturbances of rhythm, conduction, hypertrophy, and ischemia. The four questions framework is used to characterize rhythms.
Wide complex Tachycardia by Dr. Vaibhav Yawalkar
This document discusses wide QRS complex tachycardia, including definitions, causes, and approaches to distinguishing supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) from ventricular tachycardia (VT). Key points include: SVT accounts for 20% of cases while VT accounts for 80%; maneuvers like carotid sinus pressure may help identify SVT that terminates in response; ECG criteria like axis, concordance, AV dissociation, and QRS morphology provide clues but are imperfect; treatment should initially treat any wide QRS tachycardia as VT due to risk of incorrectly treating SVT as VT. Distinguishing the arrhythmia is important but difficult, so the document reviews multiple diagnostic algorithms and criteria to
Wide QRS Complex Tachycardia (VT vs SVT)
Approach to Wide QRS Complex Tachycardia covering mainly the ECG and algorithm part for differentiating VT from SVT.
Ecg skills enhancement
The document provides biographical and educational information about Dr. Jill Irene Z. Capistrano, including her medical specializations and affiliations. It then covers various topics related to reading and interpreting electrocardiograms (ECGs), including normal intervals and wave morphologies, determining rhythm, rate, and axis, identifying chamber enlargement, bundle branch blocks, myocardial ischemia and infarction patterns, and exercise ECGs.
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3rd part ECG Basics QRS complex Dr Salah Mabrouk Khallaf
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1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
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2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
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Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
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Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
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Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
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Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
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Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
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Primary Sensations of Smell:
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The Electrocardiogram - Physiologic Principles
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Learning objectives:
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4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
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7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
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10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
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Basic ECG 2
- 1. 2nd Presentation By Dr. Abdelsalam Sherif MD Cardiology September, 17, 2014( RNH)
- 3. Time Voltage 0.2 seconds 1 milliVolt 0.1 mV
- 4. Method" of ECG Interpretation 1. Measurements. 2. Rhythm Analysis. 3. Conduction Analysis. 4. Waveform description. 5. ECG interpretation. 6. Comparison with previous ECG ( if any ).
- 5. 1st Method
- 6. 2nd Method
- 7. Axis in Normal range
- 9. Normal ECG Heart Rate: 60 - 90 bpm PR Interval: 0.12 - 0.20 sec QRS Duration: 0.06 - 0.10 sec QT Interval (QTc ≤ 0.40 sec)
- 13. WPW Syndrome
- 14. AV block and Intraventricular Blocks
- 18. PAC
- 19. PVC
- 20. PJC
- 23. Atrial Enlargement and Ventricular Hypertrophy
- 25. Left Ventricular Hypertrophy (LVH) General ECG features include: • ≥ QRS amplitude (voltage criteria; i.e., tall R-waves in LV leads, deep S-waves in RV leads) • Delayed intrinsicoid deflection in V6 (i.e., time from QRS onset to peak R is ≥ 0.05 sec) • Widened QRS/T angle (i.e., left ventricular strain pattern, or ST-T oriented opposite to QRS direction) • Leftward shift in frontal plane QRS axis • Evidence for left atrial enlargement (LAE). 1. ESTES Criteria for LVH 2. CORNELL Voltage Criteria for LVH 3. Other Voltage Criteria for LVH:- a. Limb-lead voltage criteria b. Chest-lead voltage criteria
- 30. Right Ventricular Hypertrophy( RVH) General ECG features include: • Right axis deviation (> 90 degrees) • Tall R-waves in RV leads; deep S-waves in LV leads • Slight increase in QRS duration • ST-T changes directed opposite to QRS direction (i.e., wide QRS/T angle) • May see incomplete RBBB pattern or qR pattern in V1 • Evidence of right atrial enlargement (RAE).
- 31. Any one or more of the following (if QRS duration < 0.12 sec): Right axis deviation (> 90 degrees) in presence of disease capable of causing RVH R in aVR ≥ 5 mm, or R in aVR > Q in aVR Any one of the following in lead V1: R/S ratio > 1 and negative T wave qR pattern R gt; 6 mm, or S < 2mm, or rSR' with R' > 10 mm Other chest lead criteria: R in V1 + S in V5 (or V6) 10 mm R/S ratio in V5 or V6 < 1 R in V5 or V6 < 5 mm S in V5 or V6 > 7 mm
- 36. DD Of ST-Segment Elevation 1. Early Repolarization Phenomenon 2. Ischemic Heart Disease (usually convex upwards, or straightened
- 37. DD Of ST-Segment Depression 1. Normal variants Or Artifacts 2. Ischemic Heart Disease 3.Non Ischemic Causes Of ST-Segment Depression RVH (right precordial leads) or LVH (left precordial leads, I, aVL) Digoxin effect on ECG Hypokalemia Mitral valve prolapse (some cases) CNS disease Secondary ST segment changes with IV conduction abnormalities (e.g., RBBB, LBBB, WPW, etc)
- 39. Evaluation Of Myocardial Infarction Inferior Myocardial Infarction
- 40. Old Inferior Wall MI RV Infarction
- 41. Anterior Wall Myocardial Infarction
- 42. T Wave Abnormalities Normal T Waves DD Of T-Waves Inversions Myocardial Infarction
- 43. CNS Diseases RVH Or LVH with Strains
- 44. Thanks