3. INTRODUCTION
AERODYNAMICS :
Study of forces generated by motion of air on moving body.
CLASSIFACATION OF AERODYNAMICS :
external and internal, subsonic , supersonic , hypersonic
FIELDS OF APPLICATION :
aerospace engineering, design of automobiles , ships , civil
engineering , design of bridges etc.
4. The Four Forces of Flight
The four forces act on the airplane in flight
and also work against each other.
5. The Four Forces of Flight
The four forces act on the airplane in flight
and also work against each other.
6.
7. The earth’s gravity pulls down on
objects and gives them weight.
WEIGHT COUNTERACTS
LIFT.
8. WHAT’S IT TAKE TO CREATE
LIFT?
Air and motion.
How do we explain lift?
Newton’s Laws of Motion and
Bernoulli’s Principal are used to
explain lift.
9. Newton’s Second Law: force causes a change in
velocity which in turn generates another force.
Newton’s Third Law: net flow of air is turned down
resulting in an ‘equal and opposite’ upward force.
10. Newton’s Third Law states that for every action
there is an equal and opposite reaction.
12. Bernoulli’s Theory in Action
Air speeds up in the constricted space between
the car & truck creating a low-pressure area.
Higher pressure on the other outside pushes
them together.
13. What is a wing?
A wing is really just
half a venturi tube.
14. A fluid (and air acts like a fluid) speeds up
as it moves through a constricted space
Bernoulli’s Principle states that, as air
speeds up, its pressure goes down.
16. Bernoulli’s Principle: Air moving over the wing
moves faster than the air below. Faster-moving
air above exerts less pressure on the wing than
the slower-moving air below. The result is an
upward push on the wing--lift!
22. Elevator Controls Pitch
The ELEVATOR
controls PITCH. On
the horizontal tail
surface, the elevator
tilts up or down,
decreasing or
increasing lift on the
tail. This tilts the
nose of the airplane
up and down.
24. Ailerons Control Roll
The AILERONS
control ROLL. On the
outer rear edge of
each wing, the two
ailerons move in
opposite directions,
up and down,
decreasing lift on one
wing while increasing
it on the other. This
causes the airplane to
roll to the left or right.
26. Rudder Controls Yaw
The RUDDER controls
YAW. On the vertical tail
fin, the rudder swivels
from side to side,
pushing the tail in a left
or right direction. A pilot
usually uses the rudder
along with the ailerons
to turn the airplane.
27. Which of these airplanes will speed up?
Which will slow down?
28.
29. Drag is the force of resistance an
aircraft ‘feels’ as it moves through
the air.
30. For an airplane to
take off, lift must be
greater than weight.
For an airplane to speed up while flying, thrust
must be greater than drag.
31. Engines (either jet or propeller) typically
provide the thrust for aircraft. When you
fly a paper airplane, you generate the
thrust.
32. A propeller is a spinning wing
that generates lift forward.
36. WHY WE NEED TO IMPROVE
AERODYNAMICS IN CARS
SPEED
better aerodynamics higher will be the speeds.
FUEL EFFICIENCY
better aerodynamics , less work for engine.
37. AERODYNAMICS IN MCLAREN F1
SPECIFICATIONS
FRONT END
REAR END
SCOOPS
WINGS Mclaren F1
43. METHODS TO EVALUATE
AERODYNAMICS IN CARS
WIND TUNNELS
• Research tool to study effect of air moving
over a solid object.
• Trial and error process.
• Special pressure paints for analysis.
• Detailed analysis of air flow patterns.
• Analyzing for the optimal design.
44. SUMMARY
Aerodynamics in cars,aeroplanes is a factor in
the over all performance of the
cars,aeroplanes.
