The axes of an aircraft are three imaginary lines that pass through an aircraft’s CG. The axes can be considered as imaginary axles around which the aircraft turns. The three axes pass through the CG at 90° angles to each other. The axis passes through the CG and parallel to a line from nose to tail is the longitudinal axis, the axis that passes parallel to a line from wingtip to wingtip is the lateral axis, and the axis that passes through the CG at right angles to the other two axes is the vertical axis. Whenever an aircraft changes its flight attitude or position in flight, it rotates about one or more of the three axes.
Aerodynamics pdf containing forces & all dynamics of airplaneAnjaneyaDas
It contains all the forces acting on aeroplane, different components and their works in flight.Different types of effects that affects a flying system.Concept on Boundary layers, types of flow of fluid (air), Concept on lift,drag, thrust and weight, concept on wake turbulence & Airfoil selection & airfoil mechanism.Airplane designing containing flaps, ailerons, elevators, rudders ,wing & fuselage.Concept on balancing & centre of gravity, concept of parasite drag,induced drag,skin friction drag,form drag, Interface drag & profile drag.Concept on types of tails V- tail,T- tail, reverse T- tail.Concept on chord line, camber line, angle of attack, angle of incidence, centre of pressure, aerodynamic centre,wing loading, aspect ratio, tapered ratio, pressure altitude, density altitude,Mean Aerodynamic chord,top Chord ,Root Chord,fine Ness ratio, Dihedral & Anhedral wing, types of wing like rectangular wing, tapered wing,delta wing, elliptical wing, swept back wing etc., concept on wing tip vortices,plane stability, stalling, High lift devices, slats.3 axis of flight I e, Lateral (pitch)axis, Longitudinal (Roll) axis & Yaw axis.. Concept on inset hinge, internal balance,balance tab,anti balance tab,servo tab, spring tab, flying control,flaperon, trimming, design limit load, design altimate load,wind shear, micro burst, Aerodynamics forced on propeller, propeller efficiency, propeller pitch,power absorption,Gyroscopic procession, Concept on Reynolds number, coefficient of moment,Dorsal fin,load factor,keel effect & pendulum effect, design of regular,micro,Remote control plane,Glider plane, fighter plane & cargo plane and manufacturing etc.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
2. c
c
Forces Acting on the
Aircraft
AGENDA Axes of anAircraft
01 02 03
c
Stability
and Control
3. Thrust - It is the force produced by the power
plant/propeller or rotor . It is the force that
acts opposite to overcome the force of
drag/weight..
01
Lift - It is the force that acts opposite to the
downward force of weight, is produced by
the dynamic effect of the air that moves
over the propeller airfoil.
02
Weight - It is the combined load of the
aircraft, weight pulls the aircraft
downward because of the force of gravity.
It opposes lift and acts vertically downward
through the aircraft's center of gravity (CG)
.
03
Forces Acting on
the Aircraft
01 02 03 04
Drag- Drag is the force that resists
movement of an aircraft through the
air.
04
4. c
The aircraft’s motion about its longitudinal axis
resembles the roll of a ship from side to side. In
fact, the names used to describe the motion about
an aircraft’s three axes were originally nautical
terms.
Axes of anAircraft
The axes of an aircraft are three imaginary lines that pass through
an aircraft’s CG. The axes can be considered as imaginary axles
around which the aircraft turns. The three axes pass through the CG
at 90° angles to each other. The axis passes through the CG and
parallel to a line from nose to tail is the longitudinal axis, the axis
that passes parallel to a line from wingtip to wingtip is the lateral
axis, and the axis that passes through the CG at right angles to the
other two axes is the vertical axis. Whenever an aircraft changes its
flight attitude or position in flight, it rotates about one or more of the
three axes.
01 02 03
5. M o t i o n s o f a c t
THE THREE MOTIONS ACTING ON
MULTIROTOR
1. ROLL – controlled by the ailerons,
2. PITCH – controlled by the elevators,
3. YAW – controlled by the rudder,
4. HEAVE – raise or decent of an aircraft
vertically,
5. LIST – tilting of aircraft side by side,
01 02 03
6. Stability and Control -
Discussion on Static and
Dynamic Stability
IStatic Stability if an airplane disturbed from equilibrium
state has “Initial Tendency” to return to its equilibrium state,
then the aircraft is assumed to have static stability.
Dynamic Stability Not only initial tendency, but also the
amplitudes of the response due to disturbance decay in
finite time to attain the equilibrium state.
In general, when aircraft is being referred to be in
stable equilibrium, we mean dynamic stability.
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7. c
Static Stability
Static stability is the initial tendency of an aircraft to
return to its original position when it's disturbed.
There are three kinds of static stability:
Positive
Neutral
Negative
Positive Static Stability
An aircraft that has positive static stability tends to return
to its original attitude when it's disturbed. Let's say you're
flying an aircraft, you hit some turbulence, and the nose
pitches up. Immediately after that happens, the nose
lowers and returns to its original attitude. That's an
example positive static stability, and it's something you'd
see flying an airplane like a Cessna 172.
01 02 03
8. c
Neutral static stability
An aircraft that has neutral static stability tends to stay
in its new attitude when it's disturbed. For example, if
you hit turbulence and your nose pitches up 5
degrees, and then immediately after that it stays at 5
degrees nose up, your airplane has neutral static
stability.
Negative static stability
Finally, an aircraft that has negative static stability
tends to continue moving away from its original
attitude when it's disturbed. For example, if you hit
turbulence and your nose pitches up, and then
immediately continues pitching up, you're airplane has
negative static stability. For most aircraft, this is a very
undesirable thing.
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c
9. c
Dynamic Stability
a)Dynamic stability refers to the aircraft response over a
period of time when disturbed from a given pitch, yaw, or
bank. This type of stability also has three subtypes and
are given below:
1.Positive dynamic stability - over a period of time, the
motion of the displaced object decreases in
amplitude and because it is positive, the object
displaced returns toward the equilibrium state.
2.Neutral dynamic stability - once displaced, the
displaced object neither decreases
nor increases in amplitude. A worn automobile shock
absorber makes this tendency.
3.Negative dynamic stability - over a period of time,
the motion of the displaced object increases and
becomes more divergent
01 02 03