This document provides instructions for a group assignment on financial ratio analysis. Students must form groups of up to 3 members, select a publicly traded company, analyze the company's financial ratios over the past 2 years, and make an investment recommendation. The report is limited to 1500 words excluding references and appendices. It will be assessed based on the background provided on the company, accurate calculation of ratios, interpretation of ratios, and justification for the investment recommendation. Additional guidelines and assessment criteria are provided.
*Ratios provide a quick and simple means of assessing the financial health of a business
*Ratio relates one figure, say Net Profit, to another figure from the financial statements, say per employee
*Ratios summarise quite complex data into a small number of key indicators
*Ratios enable comparison of different businesses
*Ratios overcome issue of difference in scale of businesses
Investment Valuation Ratios are used by investors to estimate the attractiveness of a potential or existing investment and get an idea of its valuation. Investment valuation ratios compare relevant data that help users gain an estimate of valuation.
Investment Valuation Ratios: Per Share Ratios, Dividend Per Share (DPS), Earnings Per Share (EPS), Dividend Payout Ratio (DPR),
Dividend Yield Ratio, Price / Earnings ratio (PER), Price to Cash Flow, Price to Book Value, Price to Earnings Growth (PEG), Enterprise Value (EV) multiple
Introduction to ratio analysis. This slide show is an analysis of accounting ratios to introduce students and those interested in taking accounting as their future career into ratio analysis. It's been simplified and made concise. The writer is a lecturer in engineering and a financial engineer. You can always follow the writer on LinkedIn, Twitter of Facebook. You comments are also welcome for future work.
*Ratios provide a quick and simple means of assessing the financial health of a business
*Ratio relates one figure, say Net Profit, to another figure from the financial statements, say per employee
*Ratios summarise quite complex data into a small number of key indicators
*Ratios enable comparison of different businesses
*Ratios overcome issue of difference in scale of businesses
Investment Valuation Ratios are used by investors to estimate the attractiveness of a potential or existing investment and get an idea of its valuation. Investment valuation ratios compare relevant data that help users gain an estimate of valuation.
Investment Valuation Ratios: Per Share Ratios, Dividend Per Share (DPS), Earnings Per Share (EPS), Dividend Payout Ratio (DPR),
Dividend Yield Ratio, Price / Earnings ratio (PER), Price to Cash Flow, Price to Book Value, Price to Earnings Growth (PEG), Enterprise Value (EV) multiple
Introduction to ratio analysis. This slide show is an analysis of accounting ratios to introduce students and those interested in taking accounting as their future career into ratio analysis. It's been simplified and made concise. The writer is a lecturer in engineering and a financial engineer. You can always follow the writer on LinkedIn, Twitter of Facebook. You comments are also welcome for future work.
Evaluating Financial PerformanceIn this section, we will learn a.docxturveycharlyn
Evaluating Financial Performance
In this section, we will learn about one of the primary analytical tools commonly used to evaluate the financial performance of the firm—financial ratio analysis. Its use provides a financially sound, analytically powerful, and widely accepted approach for evaluating many critical aspects of a firm's financial performance.
Over the years, many standard financial ratio formulas have been developed and employed to evaluate various and specific aspects of a firm's financial performance. The art of this technique now rests in organizing these ratios for effective implementation, properly applying them in practice, and knowing the limitation of this technique. Because most textbooks cover this subject in detail and adequately develop the theory behind each financial ratio, in this section we will concentrate on two supplemental topics: (1) organizing the key financial ratios according to their application and (2) providing some additional perspectives regarding the uses and limitations of these techniques.
Organizing Financial Ratios by Application
The purpose of a financial ratio is to define a theoretically meaningful relationship between selected activities of the firm's financial statements that can provide insight into the firm's financial performance. Different practitioners and textbooks sometimes group the financial ratios differently. There are at least 15–20 standard financial ratios plus variations of some of them. Therefore, it is easy to lose sight of the forest for the trees.
Also, different practitioners and textbooks often group the financial ratios differently. One of the more logical and useful ways to group these ratios is by their ability to answer the following four key questions related to financial performance evaluation.
1. How liquid is the firm?
2. How effective is the firm in generating profits on its assets?
3. How is the firm financing its assets?
4. Are the shareholder returns adequate?
Using these four questions, the financial ratios can be grouped by category and be readily available to analyze a firm according to four different perspectives. Here is a detailed chart that organizes 10 key standard financial ratio formulas by the above four perspectives.
The Uses and Limitations of Financial Ratios
Who Uses Financial Ratio Analysis?
In addition to the management of the firm, a wide variety of individuals and organizations, for a variety of purposes, use financial ratios to evaluate the financial statements of publicly traded firms. The following is a list of some of the major users of financial ratios and their general purposes for doing so.
1. Investors and investment brokers use analysis to
· evaluate alternative investments' risks versus returns
· identify trends as indicators of a firm's future performance
· identify opportunities and risks in future investment
1. Banks use analysis to
· evaluate loans to firms
· evaluate loans to individuals (personal financial statements.
A1 Experiential Learning Project Apply the Design Thinking App.docxdaniahendric
A1: Experiential Learning Project:
Apply the Design Thinking Approach to the creation of a new service and prepare a presentation of the entire process.
The presentation should include all the following major steps of Design Thinking Approach:
a) Understand. Referring to available sources (own experience, outside experts …) research the status quo on
the concept you would like to develop
b) Observe: conduct an ethnographic research by firsthand observation of potential users
c) Ideate: create as many ideas as possible (use techniques as brainstorming). Select the most promising idea
d) Prototype: translate the idea into a simple representation of the app
e) Test: the model with target users. Interact with them. Observe their reactions and behavior and collect
feed-backs to refine the concept
f) The work should also include the marketing plan of the new service.
Outcome requirements:
The slide/visual presentation (format can be selected by the team) will contain the steps in the agenda
mentioned above and it will present the service concept. A visual representation of the service is mandatory.
The Experiential Learning Project will be scored across four (4) attributes based on:
a) Applying the Design Thinking Model. For this first score, the instructor will assess the extent to which
students are able to apply the model into a simulated-real life situation
b) Transforming observations and data into usable information. For this second score, the instructor will
evaluate the extent to which students were able to organize information collected on field analysis in a
presentable fashion (i.e., table, figures, videos …)
c) Creativity: For the third score, the instructor will assess the extent to which students are able to apply
creativity in a new service development and into the presentation itself
d) Original Results: For the fourth score, the instructor will assess the extent to which students are able to
apply the innovation drivers to their project
**********EXAMPLE************
This class was maybe the most troublesome of some other class I have taken at TUI. Be that as it may, I can say I have left with a superior comprehension of Principles of Accounting. The inside and out readings of how to comprehend organizations money related wellbeing was exceptionally enlightening, yet for the present minute isn't important to what I do.
An idea that was precious to me was opportunity costs. They comprise of decisions that make substitute occasions inside people. For myself being a dad of three, officer, and understudy, I in some cases feel that I am out of luck, yet l still figure out how to get past this voyage called life. Deciding to plan something that is going for require penances is a lot of merited, and can have an advantageous effect whenever finished.
The SLP for Module 3 was intriguing on the grounds that as customers, we investigate the "four P's" constantly while shopping. Being from a little Pacific island, regardless we use ...
ANNUAL REPORT PROJECTCurricular IssuesThis course needs to .docxrossskuddershamus
ANNUAL REPORT PROJECT
Curricular Issues:
This course needs to articulate (transfer) to a four-year college or university. For that reason we work hard to meet university requirements in our courses. Courses in the 200 level (BUS221) have writing across the curriculum requirements. Therefore we do require a paper in this course. I will do my best to make it as easy for you as possible. Also the universities require our business and accounting courses take a hard look at interpreting financial statements. For this reason I have assigned problems or exercises throughout the semester that deal with this. In Chapter 13 you will learn all about Financial Statement Analysis and the homework for that chapter will be to prepare a financial analysis on Research in Motion. It is important to note that at the very end of each chapter, and before the Demonstration Problem for the chapter, you will find a Decision Analysis section. This will help you a great deal in understanding how to complete your Annual Report’s financial analysis.
I strongly advise that you print out the files and information found in the Annual Report section under Assignments in your Angel Course. Then, as you work through the individual chapters you can complete the activities in the final project rather than waiting until the end of the course. The information will be more meaningful then. There is no reason to hold off on starting this project.
Appendix A, beginning on page A-1 in the back of the text, contains financial statements for four companies: Research in Motion, Apple, Palm, and Nokia. This semester you are required to report on Research in Motion. I choose this because the text has included an entire copy of their Financial Report rather than just the financial statements as the other three companies have. You can start the report now and also the financial statement ratio analysis. The Common-size Comparative financial statement analysis will come at the end of the semester as a Chapter 13 assignment. As we work through each chapter and learn to calculate and analyze the ratios that particular chapter teaches you can complete the ratio calculations for Research in Motion. The work sheet for this can be found in this Annual Report folder. I am giving you all the necessary tools for the final project early on so there is no reason to procrastinate.
As I mentioned in the Announcement Section of the course, you will find a Decision Analysis section at the end of each chapter just before the demonstration problem. Here you will find how to calculate the ratios and a discussion of the ratios that pertain to that chapter (how to analyze the ratio.) If you complete this ratio analysis as you move throughout the text rather than waiting for the end of the course, it will have more meaning to you.
For the report itself you will need to research three current periodicals on your company besides the company’s annual report found here in the text. “.
Fundamental Analysis is defined as “researching the fundamentals”, that doesn’t convey the whole in the absence of knowledge about what fundamentals are. The big problem with defining fundamentals is that it can include anything related to the economic well being of a company. Thus, fundamentals include everything from a company’s market share to the quality of its management
Fundamental analysis is the cornerstone of investing. In fact, some would say that you aren't really investing if you aren't performing fundamental analysis. Because the subject is so broad, however, it's tough to know where to start. There are an endless number of investment strategies that are very different from each other, yet almost all use the fundamentals.
FIN 320 Final Project Guidelines and Rubric Final Pro.docxlmelaine
FIN 320 Final Project Guidelines and Rubric
Final Project Part I
Part I Overview
Business professionals typically need to demonstrate a core set of financial knowledge to earn the job and to succeed on a job. For this part of the assessment,
you will be given a scenario in which you are asked to illustrate your financial management knowledge.
This part of the final project addresses the following course outcomes:
Analyze the roles and responsibilities of financial managers in confirming compliance with federal and shareholder requirements
Differentiate between various financial markets and institutions by comparing and contrasting options when selecting appropriate private and corporate
investments
Part I Prompt
You have completed an internship in the finance division of a fast-growing information technology corporation. Your boss, the financial manager, is considering
hiring you for a full-time job. He first wants to evaluate your financial knowledge and has provided you with a short examination. When composing your answers
to this employment examination, ensure that they are cohesive and read like a short essay.
Your submission must address the following critical elements:
I. Analyze Roles and Responsibilities for Compliance
A. Examine the types of decisions financial managers make. How are these decisions related to the primary objective of financial managers?
B. Analyze the various ethical issues a financial manager could potentially face and how these could be handled.
C. Compare and contrast the different federal safeguards that are in place to reduce financial reporting abuse. Why are these considered
appropriate safeguards?
II. Investment Options
A. If a private company is “going public,” what does this mean, and how would the company do this? What are the advantages of doing this? Do
you see any disadvantages? If so, what are they?
B. How do the largest U.S. stock markets differ? Out of those choices, which would be the smartest private investment option, in your opinion?
Why?
C. Compare and contrast the various investment products that are available and the types of institutions that sell them.
Final Project Part I Rubric
Guidelines for Submission: Ensure that your employment examination is submitted as one comprehensive and cohesive short essay. It should use double
spacing, 12-point Times New Roman font, and one-inch margins. Citations should be formatted according to APA style.
Critical Elements Exemplary (100%) Proficient (85%) Needs Improvement (55%) Not Evident (0%) Value
Roles and
Responsibilities:
Examine
Meets “Proficient” criteria and
includes examples in analysis
Comprehensively examines the
types of decisions financial
managers make, including how
these decisions are related to
their primary objective
Examines the types of decisions
financial managers make,
including how these decisions are
related to their primary objective,
but ...
FIN 320 Final Project Guidelines and Rubric Final Pro.docxssuser454af01
FIN 320 Final Project Guidelines and Rubric
Final Project Part I
Part I Overview
Business professionals typically need to demonstrate a core set of financial knowledge to earn the job and to succeed on a job. For this part of the assessment,
you will be given a scenario in which you are asked to illustrate your financial management knowledge.
This part of the final project addresses the following course outcomes:
Analyze the roles and responsibilities of financial managers in confirming compliance with federal and shareholder requirements
Differentiate between various financial markets and institutions by comparing and contrasting options when selecting appropriate private and corporate
investments
Part I Prompt
You have completed an internship in the finance division of a fast-growing information technology corporation. Your boss, the financial manager, is considering
hiring you for a full-time job. He first wants to evaluate your financial knowledge and has provided you with a short examination. When composing your answers
to this employment examination, ensure that they are cohesive and read like a short essay.
Your submission must address the following critical elements:
I. Analyze Roles and Responsibilities for Compliance
A. Examine the types of decisions financial managers make. How are these decisions related to the primary objective of financial managers?
B. Analyze the various ethical issues a financial manager could potentially face and how these could be handled.
C. Compare and contrast the different federal safeguards that are in place to reduce financial reporting abuse. Why are these considered
appropriate safeguards?
II. Investment Options
A. If a private company is “going public,” what does this mean, and how would the company do this? What are the advantages of doing this? Do
you see any disadvantages? If so, what are they?
B. How do the largest U.S. stock markets differ? Out of those choices, which would be the smartest private investment option, in your opinion?
Why?
C. Compare and contrast the various investment products that are available and the types of institutions that sell them.
Final Project Part I Rubric
Guidelines for Submission: Ensure that your employment examination is submitted as one comprehensive and cohesive short essay. It should use double
spacing, 12-point Times New Roman font, and one-inch margins. Citations should be formatted according to APA style.
Instructor Feedback: This activity uses an integrated rubric in Blackboard. Students can view instructor feedback in the Grade Center. For more information,
review these instructions.
Critical Elements Exemplary (100%) Proficient (85%) Needs Improvement (55%) Not Evident (0%) Value
Roles and
Responsibilities:
Examine
Meets “Proficient” criteria and
includes examples in analysis
Comprehensively examines the
types of decisions financial
managers make, including how
these d ...
Similar to Basic Accounting Ratio Analysis Assignment Brief (20)
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
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The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
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The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
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This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
1. SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING AND DESIGN
Centre for Modern Architecture Studies in Southeast Asia
Foundation of Natural and Built Environments (FNBE)
Basic Accounting [ACC30205/FNBE0145]
Prerequisite: None
Lecturer: Chang Jau Ho
Assignment: Financial Ratio Analysis
30% Group Work
Submission: by 12pm, Friday, 4th
June 2015 (Week 16)
Introduction
The assignment will assist students in developing a better appreciation in ratio analysis and
interpretation as a tool for evaluating real-world companies. By reading and analysing the
annual reports of publicly-traded companies, students can acquire valuable skills such as
deciphering the various details contained in an accounting report, give informed opinions about
the company’s business operations and make recommendations regarding the worthiness of
the business’ common shares as an investment medium.
Objectives of Project
The objectives of this project:
• To understand the basic purposes of ratio analysis and interpretation.
• To understand the techniques of applying the ratios.
Learning Outcomes of Project
On successful completion of this project, students will be able to demonstrate the following:
• Assess the performance of a business (in terms of profitability and financial stability) by
applying financial ratio analysis.
• Make appropriate business decisions with reference to various accounting information
and tools.
Tasks - Methodology
Your tasks are as follows:
a) Form a group with a maximum of 3 members.
b) Select a public company (domestic or international) as your research subject. Ensure
that the chosen company is engaged in trading physical goods, not services.
c) Provide a brief background history of the company and its recent development.
d) Conduct ratio analysis on the business annual reports for the last 2 years (e.g. 2012 &
2013) and interpret the results.
1
2. e) Together with the P/E ratio (see appendix for more information), provide justifications
on whether the company’s shares are worthy of investment.
f) Submit your findings in a report with a maximum word limit of 1500 words, excluding
references and appendices. The report must be submitted in a softcopy form.
g) Note: ensure that you have at least 5 different sources of information in the appendix.
h) Note 2: Include the company’s Income (or P&L) statements and Balance Sheets for the
relevant years in your report’s appendix section.
i) Important: Ensure that you quote your sources and refrain from copying. I
conduct plagiarism checks on all assignments submitted. Students caught with
the said offence will face disciplinary action. Ignore this warning at your own
risk.
Submission Requirement
- A 1500-word written report (excluding cover page and references) submitted in softcopy
form to jauho.chang@taylors.edu.my.
Assessment criteria
The assessment for this assignment will be based on:
TGC
Acquired
Assessment Criteria Marks %
Group Component
Company Background 5%
Ratio Calculation 10%
Ratio Interpretation 10%
Investment Recommendation 5%
TOTAL 30%
Marking criteria
Please refer to Assessment Rubric on page 3.
2
3. Assessment Rubric for Basic Accounting Assignment (ACC30205)
Assessment
Criteria (with TGC)
30% Excellent (10-9) Good (8-7) Satisfactory (6-5) Poor (4-3) Fail (2– 0)
Company
Background
5%
Provides a very
well-organized
and easy-to-
understand
background
history of the
firm.
Provides a well-
organized and
easy-to-
understand
background
history of the
firm.
Provides a
somewhat
organized and
understandable
background
history of the
firm.
Provides a
disorganized and
somewhat hard-
to-understand
background
history of the
firm.
Background
history of the firm
is presented in a
very disorganized
and difficult-to-
comprehend
manner.
Ratio Calculation 10%
All the
calculations
performed are
correct with
reference to the
formulas and
accounting report
data.
There are 1-2
calculation
mistakes in terms
of misapplication
of formula or
using the wrong
data.
There are 3-4
calculation
mistakes in terms
of misapplication
of formula or
using the wrong
data.
There are 5-6
calculation
mistakes in terms
of misapplication
of formula or
using the wrong
data.
There are 7 or
more calculation
mistakes in terms
of misapplication
of formula or
using the wrong
data.
Ratio
Interpretation
10%
The student
demonstrated
excellent
understanding of
the ratios i.e.
interpreted all the
calculation results
correctly.
The student
demonstrated
good
understanding of
the ratios i.e.
interpreted most
of the calculation
results correctly.
The student
demonstrated
adequate
understanding of
the ratios i.e.
interpreted at
least half of
calculation results
correctly.
The student
demonstrated
poor
understanding of
the ratios and
interpreted a
majority of the
calculation results
incorrectly..
The student
demonstrated
very poor
understanding of
the ratios and
interpreted almost
all of the
calculation results
incorrectly.
Investment
Recommendations
5%
The student
provided her
investment
recommendations
based on
excellent
justifications.
The student
provided her
investment
recommendations
based on good
justifications.
The student
provided her
investment
recommendations
based on
mediocre
justifications.
The student
provided her
investment
recommendations
based on poor
justifications.
The student
provided her
investment
recommendations
based on very
poor justifications.
3
4. Appendix 1: P/E Ratio
Price/Earning or P/E Ratio
= Current share price
Earnings per share (in number of times)
For example: Company B’s current share price is $5.00 per share. It’s earning’s per share
(based on the latest year) is $0.50. This means the company’s price/earning ratio is 10
($5.00/$0.50).
How to interpret: This ratio measures how expensive a share is. The higher the P/E ratio, the
more expensive a share is. In the example above, a P/E of 10 means that an investor will need
to wait for 10 years to recoup his investment. A higher P/E, say 20, means the investor will
have to wait even longer – 20 years - to claim back his original principal. A conservative
investor will normally pay no more than P/E of 15 for a share that he likes.
Appendix 2: Investment Recommendation
When determining whether the company that you are analysing is worth investing in, you have
to take into account 3 factors:
a) Profitability
b) Stability
c) Share price
In other words, the company must have demonstrated good profitability, strong financial
stability and its shares are available at a cheap price (i.e. P/E of 15 or lower) to warrant an
investment. To determine good profitability and strong financial stability, refer back to the
profitability and stability ratios that you have calculated and look at the overall picture of these 2
groups of ratios. There are no hard and fast rule about what really qualifies as good profitability
and strong financial stability so there is some subjectivity regarding that. However, it is useful to
ask yourself (honestly) whether you think the company is profitable and stable. If the answer is
not a resounding yes, then it would be wise to not invest in the company.
If you think that the company has good profitability and stability, and it is also currently
available at a cheap price (i.e. P/E below 15), then you can recommend the company’s shares
as suitable for investment.
4
5. Appendix 3: Other Frequently Asked Questions (OFAQs)
1. Which profit figure should I use to calculate ratios like Profit Margin, Return on Equity,
etc.?
You can use either the profit figure before deducted by the tax expense (commonly known as
operating profit) or the profit figure after deducted by tax (also commonly known as
consolidated net profit). Just make sure to use the same figure to calculate all the ratios that
require this figure.
2. I can’t calculate the Selling Expense Ratio and the General Expense Ratio because the
selling expenses and the general (or administrative) expenses have been added up
together and shown as one single amount in the P&L statement. What should I do?
You can go through the Notes Section of the Annual Report and see if the company provides a
breakdown of that lump sum figure. Failing that, you may divide the lump sum figure by 2 and
‘pretend’ that half of the lump sum figure is the total selling expenses and the other half is the
total general expenses.
3. Where can I find the share price of the company I’m researching?
If the company is Malaysian, you can find it in the Business section of the Star Newspaper. If
the company is foreign, you can look up Yahoo Finance or CNBC.com. And oh, to calculate the
P/E ratio, please use the latest share price, as in no more than 5 days before the submission
date.
4. Which Earnings per Share (EPS) figure should I use? Diluted or Basic?
If both figures are not very different, then it doesn’t matter. Otherwise, please use the Basic
figure.
5. I can’t find the [insert name] figure/Everything looks so different from the accounting
reports I’ve learned/Oh my god what the %^$&#@ am I looking at? HELP!!!!
First take a deep breath… Now, try to realize that although the items’ names and format used
in Annual Report may be different from what you have learned so far, both of them still retained
the same basic “look”. So the key is to observe closely and guess intelligently what you think
an item reported in the Annual Report really is. For example, if you can’t find the “Cost of
Goods Sold” item in the Annual Report, try and think where it is normally located in the P&L
statement. Chances are it is still at the same usual “place” but has been given a different name.
Get it?
6. Can I ask/email you for help? I’m kinda stuck with this assignment.
Of course. However, please be advised that most of the time I will only give you hints, not
straight answers to your queries
5
6. Appendix 3: Other Frequently Asked Questions (OFAQs)
1. Which profit figure should I use to calculate ratios like Profit Margin, Return on Equity,
etc.?
You can use either the profit figure before deducted by the tax expense (commonly known as
operating profit) or the profit figure after deducted by tax (also commonly known as
consolidated net profit). Just make sure to use the same figure to calculate all the ratios that
require this figure.
2. I can’t calculate the Selling Expense Ratio and the General Expense Ratio because the
selling expenses and the general (or administrative) expenses have been added up
together and shown as one single amount in the P&L statement. What should I do?
You can go through the Notes Section of the Annual Report and see if the company provides a
breakdown of that lump sum figure. Failing that, you may divide the lump sum figure by 2 and
‘pretend’ that half of the lump sum figure is the total selling expenses and the other half is the
total general expenses.
3. Where can I find the share price of the company I’m researching?
If the company is Malaysian, you can find it in the Business section of the Star Newspaper. If
the company is foreign, you can look up Yahoo Finance or CNBC.com. And oh, to calculate the
P/E ratio, please use the latest share price, as in no more than 5 days before the submission
date.
4. Which Earnings per Share (EPS) figure should I use? Diluted or Basic?
If both figures are not very different, then it doesn’t matter. Otherwise, please use the Basic
figure.
5. I can’t find the [insert name] figure/Everything looks so different from the accounting
reports I’ve learned/Oh my god what the %^$&#@ am I looking at? HELP!!!!
First take a deep breath… Now, try to realize that although the items’ names and format used
in Annual Report may be different from what you have learned so far, both of them still retained
the same basic “look”. So the key is to observe closely and guess intelligently what you think
an item reported in the Annual Report really is. For example, if you can’t find the “Cost of
Goods Sold” item in the Annual Report, try and think where it is normally located in the P&L
statement. Chances are it is still at the same usual “place” but has been given a different name.
Get it?
6. Can I ask/email you for help? I’m kinda stuck with this assignment.
Of course. However, please be advised that most of the time I will only give you hints, not
straight answers to your queries
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