This document outlines various barriers to effective communication, including physical, physiological, psychological, linguistic, cultural, and interpersonal barriers. It discusses how physical barriers can disrupt message transmission, and physiological barriers such as hearing loss or speech disabilities. It also examines psychological barriers like attitudes, prejudice, and perceptions that can negatively influence understanding. Linguistic barriers occur when messages use complex language outside a receiver's knowledge, and cultural barriers arise between people with different experiences. The document provides strategies for overcoming various communication barriers.

1.  Your communication
 Students’ communication -
--with you & classmates
 Class climate

2.  Presentations, lectures
 Group work
 Interpersonal
 Intercultural

3. BY WARDAH AZHAR
LECTURER

4.  Barriers mean all those hurdles which stop or interrupt
the process of communication. Barrier sometimes
become so strong that they can even make the whole
process just a failure.

5. Communication is about overcoming barriers.
State all the
barriers that you
can think of that
impact on your
day-to-day
communication.

6.  Physical disabilities
 Psychological
attitudes and
prejudice
 Cultural diversity

7. Physical barrier is a problem in the way of transmitting
a message from its source to destination.
IMAGINE:
 You sent a letter to your friend but he didn’t get it, this
is a physical barrier;
 there is a speech of President on TV but you can’t listen
it properly due to some problem in the
transmission(channel noise), also a physical hurdle.
 If a student closes a door with noise during lecture then
it would also be a physical hurdle.

8.  Physiological barriers to communication are those
that result from the performance characteristics and
limitations of the human body and the human mind.

9.  Deafness or hearing
loss
 Blindness or impaired
vision
 Aphasia or speech
disabilities

10.  Use body language
such as gestures and
signs.
 Speak clearly in short
sentences.
 Face the individual to
facilitate lip reading.
 Write messages if
necessary.
 Make sure hearing aids
are working properly.

11.  Use a soft tone of voice.
 Describe events that are occurring.
 Announce your presence as you enter a room.
 Explain sounds or noises.
 Use touch when appropriate.

12.  They have difficulty remembering the correct
words, may not be able to pronounce certain
words, and may have slurred speech.
 The teacher must be patient.
 Allow them to try and speak.
 Encourage them to take their time.
 Repeat message to assure accuracy.
 Encourage them to use gestures or point to
objects.
 Provide pen and paper if they can write.
 Use pictures with key messages to
communicate.

13.  These are the barriers which are directly related to
some internal problem of the destination or the
receiver. The receiver receives the message clearly but
due to some reasons fails to understand & react
properly.

14.  Prejudice
 Attitudes
 Personality

15.  Stereotypes such as “dumb
blondes” or “fat slob” cause
us to make snap
judgements about others
that affect the
communication process.
 Teachers must learn to put
prejudice aside and show
respect for all individuals. Is
that possible?
 Do all students have the
right to quality education?

16. This kind of hurdle is the result of using very difficult,
jaw breaking & tongue twisting words by the
communicator/sender, which are out side the frame of
reference of the receiver.

17. This barrier occurs when the field of experience is not
common to both sender & receiver.
For example, if the scientist wants to communicate the
Newton law to the uneducated people, definitely, there
won’t be any communication. But if the message is
delivered to the science students, the message will be
an effective one.

18. Gender
Age
Race
National or Cultural
Origin
Socioeconomic
Class
Education Level
Urban or Rural
Residence

19. Major influence on the way we
communicate with others.
When men and women work together in a
group, men tend to be more assertive and
self-confident.
Women are more likely than men to
express their emotions, to reveal how they
feel about a situation.

20. Young people and old people communicate in
different ways.
We do tend to judge a statement by
different standards if we know the
speaker’s age.
A person’s age or gender is not important
in judging the truth or wisdom of what
that person says .

21. Their maturity, their educational
backgrounds, and the different eras in
which they grew up make a Generation
Gap inevitable.

22.  Stereotypes such as “dumb
blondes” or “fat slob” cause
us to make snap
judgements about others
that affect the
communication process.
 Health care workers must
learn to put prejudice aside
and show respect for all
individuals. Is that possible?
 Do all patients have the
right to quality health care?

23. Perception
Motivation
Tunnel Vision
Ego
Defensiveness
Negative
Emotions

24. Our physical limitations are a
screen through which we
perceive things that exist
in our environment.
Our perception is also limited
by psychological screens
that we have developed.
Choosing from among the
many things within our
range of perception those
that we will notice, and
block out the rest is called
“Selective Perception”

26.  Allows us not only to block out things
that are there, but also to see more
things than are there.
 Leads us to make our own reality!
 Most clearly seen in the human tendency
to stereotype others.

27. A Motive is a
Reason For Action!
The most strongest motivations are those
that are most personal.
We are motivated by money, fame, power,
love, status, security, skill, ambition...etc
It can be both positive or negative.

28. A closed way of thinking, especially
about abstract topics, such as
religion and politics.
 The person with tunnel vision is one who has
firmly fixed ideas
 The opposite side is open-mindedness
 Person with tunnel vision has attitude seems
to say; “I’ve already made up my mind, Don’t
confuse me with the facts!!!”

29. A response pattern in which a person who
follows this pattern sees a disagreement as a
personal
attack .
A self- centred communication
More than just being selfish

30. Almost always obstacles to good
communication!
Especially true if the emotion is
uncontrolled, unfocused, or misdirected.

31. 1. Distractions
2. Semantic Problems
3. Absence Of Feedback
4. Climate
5. Status And Power Differences

32. It occurs where people
are constantly coming
in and leaving for one
reason or another, and
experinced the
frustration that is
created by this
distracting traffic
flow.

33. Distortion in communication comes
from semantics- the use of words or
expressions which have a different
meaning for the sender or receiver.
Created when communicators use
technical jargon- usage common to a
particular field or specialization.

34. Differences in
communications are
likely to parallel the
differences in power.
Imbalance or
asymmetry
in negotiating power
leads the high power
party to perform
significantly better than
the low power party.

35. Be Exact
Use the word “is” carefully
Avoid Overgeneralization
Be sensitive to connotative meaning
Do not overuse “you or your”
Count from 1 to 10

36. Recognize that you don’t know all the
answers to all questions
Always remember that what others may
not mean the way we think they mean it
Focus on common interests rather than
differences
Think positive

37.  QUESTIONING
For clarifying
communications, and
eliminating noise and
distortion .
 ACTIVE
LISTENING /
REFLECTING
 ROLE REVERSAL
Understand the other’s
position by actively
arguing his position to
his satisfaction.

38.  Taking the receiver more
seriously
 Thinking more clearly about the
message
 Delivering messages skilfully
◦ Focusing on the receiver
◦ Using multiple channels and
encoding
◦ Securing appropriate feedback