Barbiturate poisoning (pharmacology)
•
7 likes•2,975 views
barbiturate poisoning is the poisoning caused due to overdose of the barbiturate drug e.g.phenobarbitone .
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Barbiturate poisoning
All about barbiturate poisoning , causes , clinical symptoms , types of poisoning , barbiturates classification , adverse effects and toxic effects of barbiturate poisoning , Management of barbiturate poisoning , Scandinavian method , support vital function , prevention and further absorption .
Barbiturate & Morphine poisoning
The document discusses barbiturate and morphine/opioid poisoning. It provides details on the classification, mechanism of action, signs and symptoms, and management of barbiturate poisoning. It describes how barbiturates bind to GABA receptors and prolong opening of chloride channels, inhibiting the central nervous system. Signs of acute poisoning include depression, amnesia, respiratory issues and death from respiratory arrest. Management involves cardio-respiratory support, preventing drug absorption, and removing barbiturates from the body through charcoal, diuresis or dialysis. For morphine/opioid poisoning, it notes respiratory depression as a major risk and describes treatment with naloxone to reverse effects or intubation to ensure
Anti ulcer drugs classification
1) Peptic ulcers are caused by an imbalance between aggressive factors like gastric acid and protective factors in the stomach and duodenum.
2) Anti-ulcer drugs work by decreasing gastric acid secretion, enhancing mucosal protection, or eradicating the H. pylori bacteria responsible for many ulcers.
3) Common classes of anti-ulcer medications include H2 receptor antagonists, proton pump inhibitors, antacids, and anti-H. pylori drugs. H2 receptor antagonists and proton pump inhibitors reduce acid by blocking histamine and the proton pump, while antacids neutralize existing acid.
Barbiturates and benzodiazepines acute poisoning
Barbiturates and benzodiazepines acute poisoning,Barbiturates and benzodiazepines acute poisoning, Barbiturates and benzodiazepines poisoning, Barbiturates poisoning, benzodiazepines poisoning, poisoning, toxicology, clinical toxicology, pharmd, poison, vels, SlideShare, ppt, Barbiturates and benzodiazepines acute poisoning ppt
Appetite stimulants and suppressants-Anorexiants,Pharmacology
This document summarizes appetite stimulants and suppressants. It was prepared by Nishanth K P, a 6th semester B.Pharm student. Appetite stimulants like megestrol and dronabinol are used to increase appetite in conditions causing weight loss like cancer. Appetite suppressants or anorexiants include amphetamine, fenfluramine, sibutramine, and rimonabant which act centrally or on the GI tract to reduce appetite and treat obesity. Common side effects of these drugs include nausea, dry mouth, insomnia, and increased heart rate.
Antigout drugs
This document discusses antigout drugs used to treat gout. It begins by defining gout as a metabolic disease caused by increased uric acid levels in the blood. It then describes the mechanisms and classifications of various antigout drugs including allopurinol, probenecid, sulfinpyrazone, corticosteroids, NSAIDs, and colchicine. For each drug, it discusses their mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, uses, interactions, toxicity, and administration guidelines for treating both acute and chronic gout. The document provides an in-depth overview of different drug classes used to manage hyperuricemia and gouty arthritis.
Medicinal chemistry of Antifungal agents
Introduction of pathogenic Fungi,Chemical Classification of antifungal agents,SAR and structure of antifungal agents and Synthesis of Antifungal drugs
Antimalarial drugs
This document discusses antimalarial drugs, including their classification, mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, clinical uses, and adverse effects. The main classes of antimalarial drugs are tissue schizonticides, blood schizonticides, and gametocides. Key drugs discussed include chloroquine, mefloquine, quinine, proguanil, pyrimethamine, primaquine, and artemisinin derivatives. The document also covers antimalarial drug combinations such as sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine and artemisinin-based combination therapies.
Recommended
Barbiturate poisoning
All about barbiturate poisoning , causes , clinical symptoms , types of poisoning , barbiturates classification , adverse effects and toxic effects of barbiturate poisoning , Management of barbiturate poisoning , Scandinavian method , support vital function , prevention and further absorption .
Barbiturate & Morphine poisoning
The document discusses barbiturate and morphine/opioid poisoning. It provides details on the classification, mechanism of action, signs and symptoms, and management of barbiturate poisoning. It describes how barbiturates bind to GABA receptors and prolong opening of chloride channels, inhibiting the central nervous system. Signs of acute poisoning include depression, amnesia, respiratory issues and death from respiratory arrest. Management involves cardio-respiratory support, preventing drug absorption, and removing barbiturates from the body through charcoal, diuresis or dialysis. For morphine/opioid poisoning, it notes respiratory depression as a major risk and describes treatment with naloxone to reverse effects or intubation to ensure
Anti ulcer drugs classification
1) Peptic ulcers are caused by an imbalance between aggressive factors like gastric acid and protective factors in the stomach and duodenum.
2) Anti-ulcer drugs work by decreasing gastric acid secretion, enhancing mucosal protection, or eradicating the H. pylori bacteria responsible for many ulcers.
3) Common classes of anti-ulcer medications include H2 receptor antagonists, proton pump inhibitors, antacids, and anti-H. pylori drugs. H2 receptor antagonists and proton pump inhibitors reduce acid by blocking histamine and the proton pump, while antacids neutralize existing acid.
Barbiturates and benzodiazepines acute poisoning
Barbiturates and benzodiazepines acute poisoning,Barbiturates and benzodiazepines acute poisoning, Barbiturates and benzodiazepines poisoning, Barbiturates poisoning, benzodiazepines poisoning, poisoning, toxicology, clinical toxicology, pharmd, poison, vels, SlideShare, ppt, Barbiturates and benzodiazepines acute poisoning ppt
Appetite stimulants and suppressants-Anorexiants,Pharmacology
This document summarizes appetite stimulants and suppressants. It was prepared by Nishanth K P, a 6th semester B.Pharm student. Appetite stimulants like megestrol and dronabinol are used to increase appetite in conditions causing weight loss like cancer. Appetite suppressants or anorexiants include amphetamine, fenfluramine, sibutramine, and rimonabant which act centrally or on the GI tract to reduce appetite and treat obesity. Common side effects of these drugs include nausea, dry mouth, insomnia, and increased heart rate.
Antigout drugs
This document discusses antigout drugs used to treat gout. It begins by defining gout as a metabolic disease caused by increased uric acid levels in the blood. It then describes the mechanisms and classifications of various antigout drugs including allopurinol, probenecid, sulfinpyrazone, corticosteroids, NSAIDs, and colchicine. For each drug, it discusses their mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, uses, interactions, toxicity, and administration guidelines for treating both acute and chronic gout. The document provides an in-depth overview of different drug classes used to manage hyperuricemia and gouty arthritis.
Medicinal chemistry of Antifungal agents
Introduction of pathogenic Fungi,Chemical Classification of antifungal agents,SAR and structure of antifungal agents and Synthesis of Antifungal drugs
Antimalarial drugs
This document discusses antimalarial drugs, including their classification, mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, clinical uses, and adverse effects. The main classes of antimalarial drugs are tissue schizonticides, blood schizonticides, and gametocides. Key drugs discussed include chloroquine, mefloquine, quinine, proguanil, pyrimethamine, primaquine, and artemisinin derivatives. The document also covers antimalarial drug combinations such as sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine and artemisinin-based combination therapies.
Chemotherapy of malignancy
The document discusses chemotherapy and anticancer drugs. It defines malignancy as cancer, describes cancer cell characteristics and the cell cycle. It then classifies and lists various antineoplastic/anticancer drugs including alkylating agents, antimetabolites, natural products, miscellaneous drugs, hormones and antagonists. The document also lists common cancer types, anticancer drugs available as injections, tablets and capsules. It briefly discusses uses of radioactive isotopes and how response to chemotherapy is judged. The goal of treatment is improving patient's quality of life.
Antimalarial Drugs Pharmacology
A PowerPoint presentation on Fluoroquinolones suitable for reading by UG level Medical and Nursing students
Concept of clearance & factors affecting renal excretion
This document discusses the concept of renal clearance. It defines renal clearance as the volume of blood or plasma completely cleared of unchanged drug by the kidney per unit time. Renal clearance is calculated as the rate of urinary excretion divided by the plasma drug concentration. Several factors can affect renal clearance, including the physiochemical properties of the drug, plasma drug concentration, distribution and binding characteristics, urine pH, blood flow to the kidneys, biological factors, drug interactions, and disease states. Renal clearance is an important concept for understanding how drugs are eliminated from the body through the kidneys.
Antiasthmatic drugs
The document discusses drugs used to treat asthma. It describes asthma as a chronic inflammatory airway disorder characterized by wheezing, breathlessness, and reversible airflow obstruction. It outlines the classification of asthma drugs into short-term relievers for acute symptoms and long-term controllers to reduce symptoms and prevent attacks. Short-term relievers include beta-2 adrenergic agonists, methylxanthines, and antimuscarinic agents. Long-term controllers include inhaled corticosteroids, leukotriene pathway antagonists, and mast cell stabilizers.
Diuretics
Diuretics act by inhibiting sodium reabsorption in the nephron, increasing sodium and water excretion and reducing extracellular fluid volume. They are classified based on their site of action - carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (site 1), loop diuretics (site 2), thiazides (site 3), and potassium-sparing diuretics (site 4). Loop diuretics like furosemide are sulfonamide derivatives that act distinctly on the loop of Henle. Thiazide diuretics like hydrochlorothiazide are benzothiadiazine derivatives that inhibit sodium reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule. Potassium-sparing diuretics include sodium channel blockers
Urinary Tract Infection
UTIs are caused by bacterial infections in the urinary tract. They range from cystitis, an infection of the bladder, to pyelonephritis, a serious infection of the kidneys. The most common pathogen is E. coli. Treatment depends on the severity and location of the infection, with acute uncomplicated cystitis usually treated with a 3 day course of antibiotics like cotrimoxazole or cephalexin. More serious or complicated infections may require 7-14 days of treatment with intravenous antibiotics such as gentamicin and third generation cephalosporins. Chronic infections necessitate long term suppressive antibiotic therapy after identifying and addressing any underlying causes.
Anti-Rheumatic drugs
This document provides information on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) including its symptoms, causes, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment. It discusses how RA is a chronic autoimmune disease that causes inflammation of the joints and can affect internal organs. Treatment involves NSAIDs, corticosteroids, and disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) like methotrexate, sulfasalazine, hydroxychloroquine, and biologic drugs that target cytokines like TNF-alpha. The goals of treatment are to reduce joint damage, pain, disability and maintain quality of life while minimizing adverse effects.
Anti-tubercular agents
Synthesis of Isoniazid, synthesis of INH, Refampicin, PAS, synthesis of p-aminosalicyclic acid, Pyrazinamide, Etambutol, Ethionamide, Classification Anti-TB Drugs, Anti-Tubercular Drugs, Tuberculosis, Chemistry of Anti-Tubercular Drugs, Streptomycin, Capreomycin, Prevention of TB
Antiulcer drugs
This document discusses peptic ulcers, including their causes, symptoms, and treatments. It notes that peptic ulcers are open sores in the upper digestive tract that can form in the stomach (gastric ulcer) or small intestine (duodenal ulcer). Common causes include H. pylori infection, NSAIDs, and stress. Symptoms may include abdominal pain, nausea, black stools, or weight loss. Treatments discussed include antibiotics to kill H. pylori, antacids to neutralize stomach acid, drugs that decrease acid secretion, ulcer protective drugs to coat the ulcer, and ulcer healing drugs.
Drugs Used in Urinary Tract Infection
This document discusses drugs used to treat urinary tract infections. It begins by defining urinary antiseptics as oral agents that exert antibacterial effects in the urine but have little systemic effects, making them useful for lower urinary tract infections. The main urinary antiseptics discussed are nitrofurantoin, metenamine, and nalidixic acid. The document then provides details on the mechanisms of action, uses, and side effects of each drug. It concludes by discussing factors like urinary pH that influence drug effectiveness and challenges in treating urinary infections in patients with renal impairment.
Histamine and antihistaminics
A Power point presentation on “Histamine and Antihistaminics” prepared mainly for teaching MBBS students ….
Sulfonamides and cotrimoxazole - drdhriti
A Power point presentation on "Sulfonamides and cotrimoxazole" suitable for undergraduate level medical student and others
General principles in treatment of common drug poisoining
This document outlines general principles for the treatment of poisoning and management of common drug poisonings. It discusses stabilization of airway, breathing, circulation and CNS depression as priorities. Evaluation, decontamination including gastric lavage and activated charcoal, and poison elimination methods are reviewed. Specific treatments for paracetamol, salicylate, organophosphate and other poisonings are provided. The document serves as a guide for clinicians on managing poisoning cases.
Expectorant and antitussives
The document discusses expectorants and antitussives. It defines expectorants as drugs that increase bronchial secretion or reduce viscosity, facilitating removal by coughing. Only guaiphenesin is approved as an expectorant in the U.S. Expectorants are classified as bronchial secretion enhancers or mucolytics. Antitussives act in the CNS to suppress cough or act peripherally in the respiratory tract. Antitussives are classified as opioids, nonopioids, antihistamines, or peripherally acting drugs. The document provides examples and doses of expectorants and antitussives and discusses some combination antitussive-expectorant formulations.
Anti gout
Gout is caused by elevated levels of uric acid in the blood which can crystallize and deposit in the joints, causing inflammation and pain. It is usually characterized by recurrent attacks of inflammatory arthritis in the joint at the base of the big toe. Treatment involves medications like NSAIDs to reduce inflammation during acute attacks and allopurinol or probenecid for long-term prevention by lowering uric acid levels through inhibition of uric acid synthesis or reabsorption. Lifestyle changes and a diet low in purine-rich foods can also help prevent gout attacks.
"Barbiturate poisoning" : By rxvichu-alwz4uh!
Hello buddies!!!
Its Vishnu..back again , with my 17th ppt...
This time, its regarding BARBITURATE POISONING....which is of relevance in the subject CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY, studied in 4th year............
It includes all the required details for BARBITURATE POISONING....Along with fatal doses, and management strategies.............
This will be of help for reading and reference , and also for 4th year students...................
THANKS FOR READING!! DO KEEP SENDING UR REVIEWS!!
Regards and love,
rxvichu-alwz4uh! :) :)
Digestants and Carminatives
This document discusses two categories of drugs - carminatives and digestants.
Carminatives are drugs that promote the expulsion of gases from the gastrointestinal tract and provide a feeling of warmth and comfort in the epigastrium. Commonly used carminatives include sodium bicarbonate, peppermint oil, cardamom tincture, dill oil, and ginger tincture.
Digestants are substances intended to promote digestion by supplying digestive enzymes. Examples include hydrochloric acid, pepsin, papain, pancreatin, and diastase. They may be beneficial in conditions where enzyme production is deficient but their routine use is generally not recommended. Side effects of digestants can
Anticoagulant-medicinal chemistry
It contains normal coagulation pathway in our body,natural anti coagulants,anti coagulant drug's classification,mechanism of actions and their uses.
Antileprotic drugs
This document discusses anti-leprotic drugs used to treat leprosy, which is caused by Mycobacterium leprae. It outlines the classification, mechanisms of action, adverse effects, and resistance issues of main drugs used including dapsone, clofazimine, rifampin, ofloxacin and minocycline. It also describes multidrug therapy regimens introduced by WHO using combinations of these drugs to shorten treatment duration and prevent resistance. Alternative regimens are discussed for cases of rifampin resistance. Reactions during leprosy treatment like lepra reaction are also summarized.
Drug distribution
Drug distribution involves the reversible transfer of drugs between compartments like blood and tissues. Several factors affect how drugs are distributed, including tissue permeability, organ size and blood flow, and binding to tissue components. Drugs with certain physicochemical properties like small molecular size and appropriate lipophilicity more easily pass through barriers and cell membranes into tissues. Additionally, tissues with greater blood flow and perfusion rates allow for faster drug distribution. Finally, the extent to which drugs bind to proteins and other components in blood and tissues impacts their distribution.
Barbiturates
Barbiturates are drugs derived from barbituric acid that were introduced clinically in 1934. Thiopental sodium is an ultra short-acting barbiturate used for intravenous anesthesia induction. It works by facilitating the action of the neurotransmitter GABA at GABAA receptors in the brain, which depresses the central nervous system. Thiopental has high protein binding, redistributes to tissues like fat and muscle, and is slowly metabolized and eliminated from the body, giving it a long context-sensitive half-life. Its mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, therapeutic uses, and potential complications are described in detail in the document.
Anti cholinergic drugs
- Atropine is an anticholinergic drug that blocks muscarinic receptors throughout the body. It has many effects including stimulation of the central nervous system, tachycardia, dilation of the pupils, decreased secretions, and relaxation of smooth muscles.
- Atropine is rapidly absorbed and has a half-life of 3-4 hours. It is metabolized in the liver and excreted by the kidneys. High doses can cause fever, restlessness, delirium and respiratory depression.
- Other anticholinergic drugs like ipratropium, propantheline, oxybutynin, cyclopentolate and trihexyphenidyl are used for specific conditions like
More Related Content
What's hot
Chemotherapy of malignancy
The document discusses chemotherapy and anticancer drugs. It defines malignancy as cancer, describes cancer cell characteristics and the cell cycle. It then classifies and lists various antineoplastic/anticancer drugs including alkylating agents, antimetabolites, natural products, miscellaneous drugs, hormones and antagonists. The document also lists common cancer types, anticancer drugs available as injections, tablets and capsules. It briefly discusses uses of radioactive isotopes and how response to chemotherapy is judged. The goal of treatment is improving patient's quality of life.
Antimalarial Drugs Pharmacology
A PowerPoint presentation on Fluoroquinolones suitable for reading by UG level Medical and Nursing students
Concept of clearance & factors affecting renal excretion
This document discusses the concept of renal clearance. It defines renal clearance as the volume of blood or plasma completely cleared of unchanged drug by the kidney per unit time. Renal clearance is calculated as the rate of urinary excretion divided by the plasma drug concentration. Several factors can affect renal clearance, including the physiochemical properties of the drug, plasma drug concentration, distribution and binding characteristics, urine pH, blood flow to the kidneys, biological factors, drug interactions, and disease states. Renal clearance is an important concept for understanding how drugs are eliminated from the body through the kidneys.
Antiasthmatic drugs
The document discusses drugs used to treat asthma. It describes asthma as a chronic inflammatory airway disorder characterized by wheezing, breathlessness, and reversible airflow obstruction. It outlines the classification of asthma drugs into short-term relievers for acute symptoms and long-term controllers to reduce symptoms and prevent attacks. Short-term relievers include beta-2 adrenergic agonists, methylxanthines, and antimuscarinic agents. Long-term controllers include inhaled corticosteroids, leukotriene pathway antagonists, and mast cell stabilizers.
Diuretics
Diuretics act by inhibiting sodium reabsorption in the nephron, increasing sodium and water excretion and reducing extracellular fluid volume. They are classified based on their site of action - carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (site 1), loop diuretics (site 2), thiazides (site 3), and potassium-sparing diuretics (site 4). Loop diuretics like furosemide are sulfonamide derivatives that act distinctly on the loop of Henle. Thiazide diuretics like hydrochlorothiazide are benzothiadiazine derivatives that inhibit sodium reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule. Potassium-sparing diuretics include sodium channel blockers
Urinary Tract Infection
UTIs are caused by bacterial infections in the urinary tract. They range from cystitis, an infection of the bladder, to pyelonephritis, a serious infection of the kidneys. The most common pathogen is E. coli. Treatment depends on the severity and location of the infection, with acute uncomplicated cystitis usually treated with a 3 day course of antibiotics like cotrimoxazole or cephalexin. More serious or complicated infections may require 7-14 days of treatment with intravenous antibiotics such as gentamicin and third generation cephalosporins. Chronic infections necessitate long term suppressive antibiotic therapy after identifying and addressing any underlying causes.
Anti-Rheumatic drugs
This document provides information on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) including its symptoms, causes, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment. It discusses how RA is a chronic autoimmune disease that causes inflammation of the joints and can affect internal organs. Treatment involves NSAIDs, corticosteroids, and disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) like methotrexate, sulfasalazine, hydroxychloroquine, and biologic drugs that target cytokines like TNF-alpha. The goals of treatment are to reduce joint damage, pain, disability and maintain quality of life while minimizing adverse effects.
Anti-tubercular agents
Synthesis of Isoniazid, synthesis of INH, Refampicin, PAS, synthesis of p-aminosalicyclic acid, Pyrazinamide, Etambutol, Ethionamide, Classification Anti-TB Drugs, Anti-Tubercular Drugs, Tuberculosis, Chemistry of Anti-Tubercular Drugs, Streptomycin, Capreomycin, Prevention of TB
Antiulcer drugs
This document discusses peptic ulcers, including their causes, symptoms, and treatments. It notes that peptic ulcers are open sores in the upper digestive tract that can form in the stomach (gastric ulcer) or small intestine (duodenal ulcer). Common causes include H. pylori infection, NSAIDs, and stress. Symptoms may include abdominal pain, nausea, black stools, or weight loss. Treatments discussed include antibiotics to kill H. pylori, antacids to neutralize stomach acid, drugs that decrease acid secretion, ulcer protective drugs to coat the ulcer, and ulcer healing drugs.
Drugs Used in Urinary Tract Infection
This document discusses drugs used to treat urinary tract infections. It begins by defining urinary antiseptics as oral agents that exert antibacterial effects in the urine but have little systemic effects, making them useful for lower urinary tract infections. The main urinary antiseptics discussed are nitrofurantoin, metenamine, and nalidixic acid. The document then provides details on the mechanisms of action, uses, and side effects of each drug. It concludes by discussing factors like urinary pH that influence drug effectiveness and challenges in treating urinary infections in patients with renal impairment.
Histamine and antihistaminics
A Power point presentation on “Histamine and Antihistaminics” prepared mainly for teaching MBBS students ….
Sulfonamides and cotrimoxazole - drdhriti
A Power point presentation on "Sulfonamides and cotrimoxazole" suitable for undergraduate level medical student and others
General principles in treatment of common drug poisoining
This document outlines general principles for the treatment of poisoning and management of common drug poisonings. It discusses stabilization of airway, breathing, circulation and CNS depression as priorities. Evaluation, decontamination including gastric lavage and activated charcoal, and poison elimination methods are reviewed. Specific treatments for paracetamol, salicylate, organophosphate and other poisonings are provided. The document serves as a guide for clinicians on managing poisoning cases.
Expectorant and antitussives
The document discusses expectorants and antitussives. It defines expectorants as drugs that increase bronchial secretion or reduce viscosity, facilitating removal by coughing. Only guaiphenesin is approved as an expectorant in the U.S. Expectorants are classified as bronchial secretion enhancers or mucolytics. Antitussives act in the CNS to suppress cough or act peripherally in the respiratory tract. Antitussives are classified as opioids, nonopioids, antihistamines, or peripherally acting drugs. The document provides examples and doses of expectorants and antitussives and discusses some combination antitussive-expectorant formulations.
Anti gout
Gout is caused by elevated levels of uric acid in the blood which can crystallize and deposit in the joints, causing inflammation and pain. It is usually characterized by recurrent attacks of inflammatory arthritis in the joint at the base of the big toe. Treatment involves medications like NSAIDs to reduce inflammation during acute attacks and allopurinol or probenecid for long-term prevention by lowering uric acid levels through inhibition of uric acid synthesis or reabsorption. Lifestyle changes and a diet low in purine-rich foods can also help prevent gout attacks.
"Barbiturate poisoning" : By rxvichu-alwz4uh!
Hello buddies!!!
Its Vishnu..back again , with my 17th ppt...
This time, its regarding BARBITURATE POISONING....which is of relevance in the subject CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY, studied in 4th year............
It includes all the required details for BARBITURATE POISONING....Along with fatal doses, and management strategies.............
This will be of help for reading and reference , and also for 4th year students...................
THANKS FOR READING!! DO KEEP SENDING UR REVIEWS!!
Regards and love,
rxvichu-alwz4uh! :) :)
Digestants and Carminatives
This document discusses two categories of drugs - carminatives and digestants.
Carminatives are drugs that promote the expulsion of gases from the gastrointestinal tract and provide a feeling of warmth and comfort in the epigastrium. Commonly used carminatives include sodium bicarbonate, peppermint oil, cardamom tincture, dill oil, and ginger tincture.
Digestants are substances intended to promote digestion by supplying digestive enzymes. Examples include hydrochloric acid, pepsin, papain, pancreatin, and diastase. They may be beneficial in conditions where enzyme production is deficient but their routine use is generally not recommended. Side effects of digestants can
Anticoagulant-medicinal chemistry
It contains normal coagulation pathway in our body,natural anti coagulants,anti coagulant drug's classification,mechanism of actions and their uses.
Antileprotic drugs
This document discusses anti-leprotic drugs used to treat leprosy, which is caused by Mycobacterium leprae. It outlines the classification, mechanisms of action, adverse effects, and resistance issues of main drugs used including dapsone, clofazimine, rifampin, ofloxacin and minocycline. It also describes multidrug therapy regimens introduced by WHO using combinations of these drugs to shorten treatment duration and prevent resistance. Alternative regimens are discussed for cases of rifampin resistance. Reactions during leprosy treatment like lepra reaction are also summarized.
Drug distribution
Drug distribution involves the reversible transfer of drugs between compartments like blood and tissues. Several factors affect how drugs are distributed, including tissue permeability, organ size and blood flow, and binding to tissue components. Drugs with certain physicochemical properties like small molecular size and appropriate lipophilicity more easily pass through barriers and cell membranes into tissues. Additionally, tissues with greater blood flow and perfusion rates allow for faster drug distribution. Finally, the extent to which drugs bind to proteins and other components in blood and tissues impacts their distribution.
What's hot (20)
Concept of clearance & factors affecting renal excretion
Concept of clearance & factors affecting renal excretion
General principles in treatment of common drug poisoining
General principles in treatment of common drug poisoining
Similar to Barbiturate poisoning (pharmacology)
Barbiturates
Barbiturates are drugs derived from barbituric acid that were introduced clinically in 1934. Thiopental sodium is an ultra short-acting barbiturate used for intravenous anesthesia induction. It works by facilitating the action of the neurotransmitter GABA at GABAA receptors in the brain, which depresses the central nervous system. Thiopental has high protein binding, redistributes to tissues like fat and muscle, and is slowly metabolized and eliminated from the body, giving it a long context-sensitive half-life. Its mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, therapeutic uses, and potential complications are described in detail in the document.
Anti cholinergic drugs
- Atropine is an anticholinergic drug that blocks muscarinic receptors throughout the body. It has many effects including stimulation of the central nervous system, tachycardia, dilation of the pupils, decreased secretions, and relaxation of smooth muscles.
- Atropine is rapidly absorbed and has a half-life of 3-4 hours. It is metabolized in the liver and excreted by the kidneys. High doses can cause fever, restlessness, delirium and respiratory depression.
- Other anticholinergic drugs like ipratropium, propantheline, oxybutynin, cyclopentolate and trihexyphenidyl are used for specific conditions like
Barbiturates forensic aspects mb singh 2020
Barbiturates are sedative-hypnotic agents that were first used in medicine in the early 1900s. They act by potentiating the effects of the neurotransmitter GABA at GABA receptors. Commonly abused barbiturates include secobarbital, pentobarbital, and amobarbital. While their use has decreased due to less toxic alternatives like benzodiazepines, barbiturates continue to be used as anticonvulsants, anesthetics, and tranquilizers. Signs of barbiturate poisoning include stupor, coma, respiratory depression, and hypotension. Treatment involves maintaining airway, breathing, and circulation. Gastric lavage and activated char
hyponatremia hypernatremia
1. Hyponatremia is defined as a plasma sodium concentration less than 135 mEq/L. It can be caused by an increase in circulating antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and water intake.
2. Hyponatremia is classified based on volume status and can be hypovolemic, euvolemic, or hypervolemic. Common causes include diuretic use, vomiting, cirrhosis, and heart failure.
3. SIADH is a frequent cause of euvolemic hyponatremia and results in inappropriate water retention due to abnormal ADH secretion or action. Pseudo hyponatremia can occur due to errors in sodium measurement
diuretics.pptx
This document discusses different types of diuretic drugs, how they work, and their uses. It covers high-ceiling loop diuretics which inhibit sodium reabsorption; thiazide diuretics which inhibit sodium transport in the distal convoluted tubule; carbonic anhydrase inhibitors which reduce hydrogen ion secretion; potassium-sparing diuretics which act in the cortical collecting duct; and osmotic diuretics like mannitol. Diuretics are used to treat conditions causing fluid retention like heart failure and liver disease. Side effects include electrolyte abnormalities and dehydration. Loop diuretics are commonly used for heart failure but may require intravenous administration for severe cases.
DIURETICS.pptx
The document summarizes different classes of diuretic drugs, including their mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, uses, and side effects. It discusses loop diuretics like furosemide that act in the loop of Henle, thiazide diuretics like hydrochlorothiazide that act in the distal tubule, potassium-sparing diuretics like spironolactone that antagonize aldosterone, and osmotic diuretics like mannitol that cause water diuresis through osmosis. Loop and thiazide diuretics can cause hypokalemia and metabolic alterations while potassium-sparing diuretics risk hyperkalemia if not carefully monitored. Di
intravenous induction agents
Intravenous induction agents are drugs that cause rapid loss of consciousness when given intravenously in an appropriate dose. The ideal IV induction drug has rapid onset and offset, minimal cardiorespiratory depression, no excitatory effects, and is safe to use across patient populations. Common IV induction agents discussed include barbiturates, propofol, ketamine, etomidate, and benzodiazepines. Each drug has unique effects on organ systems and potential complications that must be considered when selecting an agent for induction of anesthesia.
IV induction agent.pptx
This document discusses various intravenous induction agents used in anesthesia. It describes the classification of IV induction agents as barbiturates, non-barbiturates, and newer agents. Specific agents discussed in detail include thiopentone sodium and propofol. For each drug, the document summarizes the history, pharmacology, mechanisms of action, clinical uses, dosing, and side effects. It provides an overview of the structural activity of barbiturates and the risks of accidental intra-arterial injection of thiopentone.
Diuretics
Diuretics are drugs that promote increased production of urine. The main classes of diuretics are loop diuretics, thiazide diuretics, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, osmotic diuretics, and aldosterone antagonists. Loop diuretics such as furosemide act on the loop of Henle and are highly effective. Thiazide diuretics such as hydrochlorothiazide are commonly used to treat hypertension and edema. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors reduce fluid production in various tissues. Osmotic diuretics work by increasing osmotic pressure in the kidney tubules. Aldosterone antagonists such as spironolactone counteract sodium retention caused by
SEADTIVE HYPNOTIC DRUGS PPT 2.pdf hghhhhhh we
This document discusses sedative and hypnotic drugs, focusing on barbiturates. It classifies barbiturates and describes their mechanism of action, pharmacological effects, kinetics, therapeutic uses, adverse effects, interactions, and compares them to benzodiazepines. It also discusses non-benzodiazepine hypnotics including zopiclone, zolpidem, zaleplon, buspirone, and chloral hydrate.
IV INDUCTION AGENTS-1.pptx
This document provides information on intravenous induction agents used in anesthesia. It discusses the ideal properties of IV induction agents and describes several common agents in detail including propofol, thiopental, benzodiazepines, and ketamine. Propofol is a widely used agent that acts on GABA receptors to cause sedation. Thiopental and barbiturates also act on GABA receptors while ketamine is unique as a non-GABA agent that acts on NMDA receptors to produce a dissociative state. Each drug has benefits and risks regarding onset, duration, and effects on respiration and circulation.
Thiopentone and propofol
Thiopentone (also known as thiopental sodium) is a short-acting barbiturate used for inducing anesthesia. It works by enhancing the effects of the neurotransmitter GABA at GABAA receptors in the brain, which increases chloride conductance and inhibits neuronal activity. Thiopentone is administered intravenously as a 2.5% solution for induction of anesthesia in adults and children. Common side effects include respiratory depression, hypotension, and pain or tissue damage if accidentally injected into an artery. Proper dosage depends on factors like age, weight, and medical history. Thiopentone is metabolized in the liver and redistributes rapidly from the brain after administration, which allows for quick awakening.
drugs for peptic ulcer
This document discusses drugs used to treat peptic ulcers and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). It describes the mechanisms and uses of various classes of drugs including antacids, H2 receptor antagonists, proton pump inhibitors, mucosal protective drugs, and anti-Helicobacter pylori drugs. The main goals of antiulcer therapy are relief from pain, promotion of ulcer healing, prevention of complications and relapse. Proton pump inhibitors are now the most widely used drugs for peptic ulcers due to their strong acid suppression and excellent safety profile. Eradication of H. pylori infection is also important for ulcer treatment and prevention.
Prevention and maangment of hypotension by aniqa atta
title: Management and prevention of hypotension during dialysis
this presentation will cover all aspects of hypotension management occurs during dialysis. Its sign and symptoms and treatment strategies
peptic ulcer pharmcological managment.pptx
Peptic ulcers are managed through pharmacological, lifestyle changes, and surgery. Pharmacological management includes proton pump inhibitors, H2 receptor blockers, antacids, and antimicrobial drugs. Proton pump inhibitors like omeprazole are most effective at reducing acid secretion. H2 receptor blockers like ranitidine are also used. Surgery is needed if complications occur or for conditions like Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. The goal of treatment is relief of symptoms, ulcer healing, and prevention of recurrence.
ACTEP2014: What's new in endocrine emergency
This document summarizes guidelines for treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state (HHS) from the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and Joint British Diabetes Societies Inpatient (JBDS IP). Key points include:
1) Bedside beta-hydroxybutyrate testing is now the best way to monitor treatment response in DKA.
2) For DKA, guidelines recommend fixed rate insulin infusion of 0.1 unit/kg/hr without a priming dose and adjustments to meet metabolic targets.
3) For HHS, the goal of initial therapy is to expand intravascular volume and restore perfusion by replacing approximately 50
Intravenous induction agents
Intravenous induction agents are drugs given intravenously to induce anesthesia rapidly. Ideal properties include water solubility, stability, rapid onset within one arm-brain circulation time, rapid redistribution and clearance with no active metabolites, minimal effects on vital organs, and a high therapeutic ratio. Common IV induction agents discussed are barbiturates, propofol, ketamine, etomidate, benzodiazepines, and opioids. Each drug has different effects on the cardiovascular, respiratory, and central nervous systems and potential complications.
Lecture 2 adithan diuretics july 29, 2016 mgmcri
The document discusses various classes of diuretics including loop diuretics, thiazide diuretics, potassium sparing diuretics, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, and osmotic diuretics. It focuses on the mechanisms of action, indications, and side effects of specific drugs within each class. It provides details on the pharmacology of spironolactone, amiloride, triamterene, acetazolamide, and mannitol. Clinical uses and precautions for different diuretics in conditions like edema, hypertension, heart failure, and kidney stones are also reviewed.
Diuretics
This document provides information on loop diuretics and potassium sparing diuretics. It begins with an overview of normal urine formation and sites of renal reabsorption. It then classifies diuretics and discusses the mechanisms and sites of action of loop diuretics like furosemide and torsemide as well as potassium sparing diuretics like spironolactone and amiloride. It notes their therapeutic uses, interactions, and resistance. In recent years, new loop diuretic compounds like CRE 10904 have been developed.
Drugs modulating cholinesterase enzyme
This document discusses drugs that modulate the acetylcholinesterase enzyme. It begins by describing acetylcholine and how it is synthesized and degraded by acetylcholinesterase. It then discusses anticholinesterases, which are drugs that inhibit acetylcholinesterase, increasing acetylcholine levels. The main classes described are reversible inhibitors like carbamates and tacrine, and irreversible inhibitors like organophosphates. It provides details on the mechanisms, pharmacology, individual drug properties, uses and treatment of organophosphate poisoning with atropine and pralidoxime.
Similar to Barbiturate poisoning (pharmacology) (20)
Prevention and maangment of hypotension by aniqa atta
Prevention and maangment of hypotension by aniqa atta
Recently uploaded
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdf
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
ARTHROLOGY PPT NCISM SYLLABUS AYURVEDA STUDENTS
PPT RELATED TO ARTHROLOGY ACCORDING TO NCISM AYURVEDA
Light House Retreats: Plant Medicine Retreat Europe
Our aim is to organise conscious gatherings and retreats for open and inquisitive minds and souls, with and without the assistance of sacred plants.
Adhd Medication Shortage Uk - trinexpharmacy.com
The UK is currently facing a Adhd Medication Shortage Uk, which has left many patients and their families grappling with uncertainty and frustration. ADHD, or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, is a chronic condition that requires consistent medication to manage effectively. This shortage has highlighted the critical role these medications play in the daily lives of those affected by ADHD. Contact : +1 (747) 209 – 3649 E-mail : sales@trinexpharmacy.com
Non-respiratory Functions of the Lungs.pdf
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Hemodialysis: Chapter 4, Dialysate Circuit - Dr.Gawad
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Top Effective Soaps for Fungal Skin Infections in India
Swisschem Dermacare has mentioned the List of The Best Antifungal Soap In India 2022. All of these soaps are trusted by various Dermatology Experts.
Top-Vitamin-Supplement-Brands-in-India List
Swisschem Dermacare provides the Top 10 Vitamin Supplement Brands in India. To know more about us give us call at our official number
A Classical Text Review on Basavarajeeyam
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic Approach
Explore the benefits of combining Ayurveda with conventional Parkinson's treatments. Learn how a holistic approach can manage symptoms, enhance well-being, and balance body energies. Discover the steps to safely integrate Ayurvedic practices into your Parkinson’s care plan, including expert guidance on diet, herbal remedies, and lifestyle modifications.
Identification and nursing management of congenital malformations .pptx
Identification and nursing management of congenital malformations .pptxMGM SCHOOL/COLLEGE OF NURSING
Identification and nursing management of congenital malformations Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdf
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
The Best Ayurvedic Antacid Tablets in India
Treat the symptoms of indigestion, heartburn and stomach reflux with the 10 Best Ayurvedic Antacid Tablets in India.
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF URINARY SYSTEM.pptx
Valuable Content of Human Anatomy and Physiology of Urinary system as per PCI Syllabus for Pharmacy and PharmD Students.
Role of Mukta Pishti in the Management of Hyperthyroidism
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
Recently uploaded (20)
Light House Retreats: Plant Medicine Retreat Europe
Light House Retreats: Plant Medicine Retreat Europe
Hemodialysis: Chapter 4, Dialysate Circuit - Dr.Gawad
Hemodialysis: Chapter 4, Dialysate Circuit - Dr.Gawad
Top Effective Soaps for Fungal Skin Infections in India
Top Effective Soaps for Fungal Skin Infections in India
Thyroid Gland- Gross Anatomy by Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
Thyroid Gland- Gross Anatomy by Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic Approach
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic Approach
Identification and nursing management of congenital malformations .pptx
Identification and nursing management of congenital malformations .pptx
Role of Mukta Pishti in the Management of Hyperthyroidism
Role of Mukta Pishti in the Management of Hyperthyroidism
Barbiturate poisoning (pharmacology)
- 2. BARBITURATE POISONING •It is the poisoning caused due to overdose of barbiturates e.g.. Phenobarbitone. •The lethal dose of 6 – 10 gm is sufficient to cause acute barbiturate poisoning . •Short acting barbiturates are more lethal than short acting ones . •Coma is more Sevier with barbiturate poisoning .
- 3. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS : •Respiratory depression •Slow and shallow breathing •Hypotension •Skin eruptions •Renal failure •Cardiovascular collapse
- 4. MECHANISM OF ACTION OF POISONING BARBITURATE CAUSING GENERALIZED DEPRESSION DRUG INTERACTS WITH BARBITURATE RECEPTORS LEADS TO INCREASE IN GABA-mediated chloride channel currents CAUSING SYNAPTIC INHIBITION
- 5. NOTE : while this mechanism takes place ,there also occurs a central sympathetic tone depression leading to hypotension . TREATMENT : The barbiturate poisoning has no specific antidote but there are some measures taken which are as follows : Gastric lavage followed by administration of activated charcoal to prevent further absorption of barbiturates. Maintenance of patent airway , adequate ventilation and oxygen administration General supportive measures like maintenance of blood pressure and body fluid balance . Forced alkaline diuresis with sodium bicarbonate , a diuretic (frusemide) and IV fluids which will help to fasten the excretion of long acting barbiturates .
- 6. Hemodialysis should be done especially if there is a renal failure.
- 7. • Forced alkaline diuresis is a procedure commonly used for treatment of barbiturate poisoning. • In this 1.5-2.0 litres of I.V. fluids is administered per hour for 3 hours . • It is done to maintain urine volume up to more than 500 ml per hour. • Urine pH is measured every 30 min and the pH of between 7.5 and 8.5 is maintained. • Alkaline diuresis should be discontinued after 1 hour if the urine flow is less than 3 ml per minute. • Otherwise , it should be continued beyond 3 hours at 1 litre per hour until blood salicylate is reduced to or less than 2.5 m mol per litre.