This document provides an overview of crowded coasts as a topic for a geography exam. It discusses the increasing population pressures on coastal areas and the various risks and management challenges that arise as a result, including:
- Coasts attract large populations due to amenities, but this leads to competition for space and environmental pressures.
- Hazards like sea level rise and intense storms pose growing risks as the effects of climate change increase and more people live in vulnerable coastal areas.
- Coastal management involves strategies like protection, retreat, and integrated planning to address risks while enabling development and protecting environments and communities.
Simple revision cards for the case studies in the AQA Geography GCSE syllabus A. The categories have been written directly from the syllabus to help pupils revise the correct aspects of each case study and to help them plan their revision. The best thing to do having completed a case study revision card is then to try an exam question on it.
Jayantha Obeysekera
This session will discuss the Southeast Florida Regional Climate Change Compact agreed to by Palm Beach, Broward, Miami-Dade and Monroe counties in SE Florida, and their partnering with the
South Florida Water Management District. The 5.6 million residents of the four counties exceed the population of 30 states and represent 30 percent of Florida’s population, and are situated in
one of the nation’s areas most vulnerable to climate change. The session will detail the Regional Climate Change Compact’s objectives,
its accomplishments to date and the ongoing development of a regional climate action plan.
Proactive measures to address growing stressors on the Arctic environment and ecosystems are critical. The influence of human activity can be minimized. Our past has created and accelerated changes in our environment and marginalizing of our ecosystems. Restoring a more harmonious balance to nature is a herculean and monumental endeavor requiring the mutual and cooperative efforts of global partnerships.
*Letter to The Honourable Maria Damanaki, European Commission for Maritime Affairs and Fisheries, November 12, 2012, is a Slide Share presentation.
Simple revision cards for the case studies in the AQA Geography GCSE syllabus A. The categories have been written directly from the syllabus to help pupils revise the correct aspects of each case study and to help them plan their revision. The best thing to do having completed a case study revision card is then to try an exam question on it.
Jayantha Obeysekera
This session will discuss the Southeast Florida Regional Climate Change Compact agreed to by Palm Beach, Broward, Miami-Dade and Monroe counties in SE Florida, and their partnering with the
South Florida Water Management District. The 5.6 million residents of the four counties exceed the population of 30 states and represent 30 percent of Florida’s population, and are situated in
one of the nation’s areas most vulnerable to climate change. The session will detail the Regional Climate Change Compact’s objectives,
its accomplishments to date and the ongoing development of a regional climate action plan.
Proactive measures to address growing stressors on the Arctic environment and ecosystems are critical. The influence of human activity can be minimized. Our past has created and accelerated changes in our environment and marginalizing of our ecosystems. Restoring a more harmonious balance to nature is a herculean and monumental endeavor requiring the mutual and cooperative efforts of global partnerships.
*Letter to The Honourable Maria Damanaki, European Commission for Maritime Affairs and Fisheries, November 12, 2012, is a Slide Share presentation.
A slide presentation of sea level rise is the Mid-Atlantic Region that discusses the impacts to barrier islands and recommends revisiting federal, state and local coastal developement policies and consideration of "rolling easements" to deal with the problem.
Seawater Intrusion Vulnerability Assessment of a Coastal Aquifer: North Coast...IJERA Editor
Groundwater pollution in the north coast of Mombasa is not only from surface sources but also from the
intrusion of seawater via the Indian Ocean and creeks. This study assessed the vulnerability of the coastal aquifer
to seawater intrusion using GALDIT index overlay method with the aid of GIS. Thematic maps of six major
factors affecting seawater intrusion were prepared, and given appropriate weightages and ratings. These maps
were overlaid, spatially analyzed to produce vulnerability maps and described based on low, moderate or high
vulnerabilities. The results revealed a significant increase in percentage land cover for low vulnerability areas
and a slight increase for high vulnerability regions between the pre-rains and the peak of raining season. The
outcomes of this study provide useful insights on effective groundwater management for the study area.
Presentation on current gaps in flood management
Presentation on current gaps in flood management
Presentation on current gaps in flood management
Presentation on current gaps in flood management
In 2017 Hurricanes Harvey, Irma, and Maria caused catastrophic damage to coastal regions in the Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea, and Atlantic Ocean, and the 2018 season further contributed to coastal and inland damage with Hurricanes Florence and Michael. Recent forecasts suggest that these high intensity seasons may be representative of a “new normal,†with a greater number of Category 3-5 storms making landfall in the U.S. (Klotzbach and Bell, 2018). Theserecent hurricane seasons have emphasized the need for coastal engineers, scientists, and stakeholders to seek innovative solutions to improve coastal resiliency and effectively mitigate damage during extreme events. In order to mitigate damage, it is critical to better understand the wave transformation during overland flow conditions as well as to identify relationships between wave loading and structural response. document the vulnerability of coastal residences to damage during Hurricane Ike (2008) on the Bolivar Peninsula, TX and Hurricane Irma (2016) in Key West and Big Pine Key, FL. Results identified the need to objectively characterize structural damage as well as to better understand overland wave propagation and transformation in the presence of macroroughness elements such as buildings and rigid vegetation. Natural shorelines (mangroves) were identified as effectively withstanding storm surge flooding and riding waves associated with Hurricane Irma, and further prevented damage to inland structures, showing the parcel scale benefits of natural and nature based features. While natural and nature-based features have potential to serve as sustainable coastal engineering solutions, their engineering performance as well as limitations must be quantified.
Recent presentation on assessing how U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Hurricane Sandy Resilience projects will improve community and ecosystem resilience to sea level rise, storm events and other threats. Presentation highlights development of ecological and socio-economic metrics and provides project examples, marsh restoration, beach restoration, living shorelines and aquatic connectivity (dam removal) of metrics being used to evaluate project performance.
Introduction to AS Edexcel crowded coasts with lots of info on things like mangroves, salt marshes, reefs, population amonst other stuff with some extras in it, I have altered this from one I got from the NING site
A slide presentation of sea level rise is the Mid-Atlantic Region that discusses the impacts to barrier islands and recommends revisiting federal, state and local coastal developement policies and consideration of "rolling easements" to deal with the problem.
Seawater Intrusion Vulnerability Assessment of a Coastal Aquifer: North Coast...IJERA Editor
Groundwater pollution in the north coast of Mombasa is not only from surface sources but also from the
intrusion of seawater via the Indian Ocean and creeks. This study assessed the vulnerability of the coastal aquifer
to seawater intrusion using GALDIT index overlay method with the aid of GIS. Thematic maps of six major
factors affecting seawater intrusion were prepared, and given appropriate weightages and ratings. These maps
were overlaid, spatially analyzed to produce vulnerability maps and described based on low, moderate or high
vulnerabilities. The results revealed a significant increase in percentage land cover for low vulnerability areas
and a slight increase for high vulnerability regions between the pre-rains and the peak of raining season. The
outcomes of this study provide useful insights on effective groundwater management for the study area.
Presentation on current gaps in flood management
Presentation on current gaps in flood management
Presentation on current gaps in flood management
Presentation on current gaps in flood management
In 2017 Hurricanes Harvey, Irma, and Maria caused catastrophic damage to coastal regions in the Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea, and Atlantic Ocean, and the 2018 season further contributed to coastal and inland damage with Hurricanes Florence and Michael. Recent forecasts suggest that these high intensity seasons may be representative of a “new normal,†with a greater number of Category 3-5 storms making landfall in the U.S. (Klotzbach and Bell, 2018). Theserecent hurricane seasons have emphasized the need for coastal engineers, scientists, and stakeholders to seek innovative solutions to improve coastal resiliency and effectively mitigate damage during extreme events. In order to mitigate damage, it is critical to better understand the wave transformation during overland flow conditions as well as to identify relationships between wave loading and structural response. document the vulnerability of coastal residences to damage during Hurricane Ike (2008) on the Bolivar Peninsula, TX and Hurricane Irma (2016) in Key West and Big Pine Key, FL. Results identified the need to objectively characterize structural damage as well as to better understand overland wave propagation and transformation in the presence of macroroughness elements such as buildings and rigid vegetation. Natural shorelines (mangroves) were identified as effectively withstanding storm surge flooding and riding waves associated with Hurricane Irma, and further prevented damage to inland structures, showing the parcel scale benefits of natural and nature based features. While natural and nature-based features have potential to serve as sustainable coastal engineering solutions, their engineering performance as well as limitations must be quantified.
Recent presentation on assessing how U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Hurricane Sandy Resilience projects will improve community and ecosystem resilience to sea level rise, storm events and other threats. Presentation highlights development of ecological and socio-economic metrics and provides project examples, marsh restoration, beach restoration, living shorelines and aquatic connectivity (dam removal) of metrics being used to evaluate project performance.
Introduction to AS Edexcel crowded coasts with lots of info on things like mangroves, salt marshes, reefs, population amonst other stuff with some extras in it, I have altered this from one I got from the NING site
Coastal ecosystems such as mangroves, delta systems, and coral reefs are increasingly at risk due in large part to
settlement and development along rapidly urbanizing coasts. The resulting degradation of these ecosystems,
especially the degradation of natural infrastructure, increasingly exposes coastal cities and their inhabitants to
more frequent and severe natural hazards and disproportionately impacts poor populations who often rely on these ecosystems for livelihoods, food, and other essential benefits.
Este documento histórico se dirige a cada delegación nacional, internacional y las Naciones Unidas en el contexto de la Conferencia Río +20. Es fruto del trabajo interdisciplinario de colaboración de más de 200 investigadores de las zonas costeras de todo el mundo. El objetivo principal es poner de relieve (i) los retos que se vislumbran de las zonas costeras y (ii) sus posibles soluciones desde la perspectiva de la Comunidad Científica y Tecnológica, como parte del esfuerzo para construir y alcanzar los objetivos de Río +20.
With the coastal population increasing, storms have been inflicting unprecedented losses on coastal
communities. Coastal agencies require advance information on the predicted path, intensity and progress of a
storm and associated waves and storm surges;
Near-real-time information during the peak of the storm to monitor flooding and control rescue operations; And
post storm reports to assess the damage and plan the recovery. The same holds true for other disasters, such as
oil spills and algal blooms. Coastal communities are also facing a rising sea level, caused mainly by global
warming. Airborne and satellite remote sensors, such as multispectral imagers, LIDAR and RADAR, are now
able to provide Most of the information required for emergency response and coastal management.
1: Strong Public Private Partnerships
2: Resilience in the Built Environment
3: Risk‐sensitive Investments and Accounting
4: Positive Cycle of Reinforcement for a Resilient Society
5: Private Sector Risk Disclosure
1: Strong Public Private Partnerships
2: Resilience in the Built Environment
3: Risk‐sensitive Investments and Accounting
4: Positive Cycle of Reinforcement for a Resilient Society
5: Private Sector Risk Disclosure
The impact of the natural disaster on the Tangible and Intangible Culture Her...Kyaw Myo Ko
In natural disasters people are often being displaced and the consequences and misery of those displaced by natural disasters and conflicts are often very similar. People lose their home and their possessions; they experience trauma and depression and are in need of similar protection and assistance needs. Given this context, this paper shares personal experiences and evolving and emerging challenges in preserving and promoting the Tangible and Intangible Culture Heritage, in particular in the field of Myanmar traditional performing arts which can be lost by different means and causes. The paper, as an example, discusses the experiences and lessons learnt from different cultural heritage restoration projects undertaken in Myanmar during the period from 2008 to 2012 which were supported by the Cultural Emergency Response Programme (CER) of the Prince Claus Fund in the Netherlands. The paper highlights what efforts could be made to prevent further damage and to restore the traditional skills, knowledge, techniques and cultural related objects that have been damaged and destroyed by natural disaster in the communities of Myanmar. Disaster management for cultural heritage can be handled differently in each area or country in terms of resources and capacity available. Therefore the aim is not only to describe the damage by the natural disaster but also to share my opinion and experience related to cultural related objects, monuments and artists that have been affected by natural disaster. In particular, the paper intended to express what we have learnt from the experiences in the major disasters in Myanmar, what special skills and knowledge are needed to alleviate negative impacts as the protection of cultural heritage.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...
Crowded coasts edexcel guide - part 1
1. 6GEO2 Unit 2 Geographical Investigations –
Student Guide: Crowded Coasts – Part 1
2. CONTENTS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Overview
Requirements of the specification
What are crowded coasts?
Investigating crowded coasts
In Part 2
Ideas for fieldwork
Research on crowded coasts
Making it work for the exam
Click on the information icon
Click on the home button
to jump to that section.
to return to this contents page
3. 1. Overview
• Unit 2 has four components, but you
are only required to study two of
these.
• In the 75 minute exam you answer
one question based on your two
chosen topic areas. This means there
is no choice.
• This exam is designed to test both
knowledge and understanding of
geographical concepts as well as
geographical skills.
• Fieldwork, research and the enquiry
process lie at the heart of this exam.
• The most important ways of ensuring
the highest possible grades in this
module is (i) being able to focus on
the question set, (ii) to be able to use
resources effectively, and (iii) to get
your fieldwork in a form that works for
the exam.
UNIT 2: The Paired
Options –you only
study one in each
pair!
The ‘Physical’ Pair
1. Extreme
Weather
2. Crowded Coasts
The ‘Human’ Pair
1. Unequal Spaces
2. Rebranding
4. UNIT 2 – Assessment overview and structure
• Normally the first part of
each question starts with
a data stimulus element.
• The fieldwork and
research elements are
related directly to work
you have carried out
during a field trip AND
may involve questions
about how you
processed, interpreted
etc what you found.
• The remaining question
is more management and
issues based. Here case
study knowledge will be
required.
•The data stimulus in unlikely
to be the 15 mark question
•Data stimulus with an analysis
element is possible
5. What makes the coast so attractive?
The factors opposite show why the
coastal zone has always attracted
settlers and been favoured by
developers. European countries
built great ports to receive goods
from their colonies abroad (e.g.
The port of Hong Kong). Of the
factors opposite, which do you
think is the most important and
why? How might this vary from
place to place and time to time?
Global - Quick coasts facts
• 3 billion people live within 100km of the coast
• Coastal population densities are typically 80
people / km2 – 50% more than non coastal areas;
they rise to 1000+ in the Nile and Ganges deltas.
• Migration is a key component of growth
6. Growth in the southern USA
Coastal counties
occupy 17% of USA
land area, yet are
home to and 53% of
population.
There are a number
of growth hotspots
including Florida,
Georgia, Texas and
California
1500 new
houses
approved
each day in
all coastal
counties
combined.
400% population
growth since 1980
in some Florida
counties
The 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill
has focused ideas of coastal pressure –
the impacts on fishing + ecosystems
will likely be enormous
7. Different types of coast
Retirement
Coasts
Examples
include:
Parts of
Norfolk,
Cornwall,
plus UK
south coast,
Florida
Resourcerich
Coasts
Examples
include:
South-east
Asia shrimp
industry,
Nile and
Niger Delta
Many coasts are multi-purpose,
with an overlap of different
types of activity occurring in
adjacent locations or at the
same places.
Tourism
coasts
Examples
include:
(almost all
coasts), but
specifically
any coastal
counties of
southern
England,
Costa Blanca
Industrial
coasts
Examples
include:
Rotterdam,
south East
UK, Pearl
River Delta,
coastal cities
of China,
including
Hong Kong
Other types of coasts may exist, e.g. The ‘Golf Coast’,
the ‘Eco-coast’, the ‘Activity Coast’.
Coasts may be
developed for a
number of
reasons – they
can be
classified into a
number of
different types
– there are
some examples
opposite.
What other
types of coast
are there and
where might
they be found?
8. 1. Competition for coasts
Coasts attract a
wide range of users –
this can bring
challenges and
opportunities for
managers of coastal
areas. Conservation
of areas is becoming
increasingly
complex, especially
when weighed up
against the
economic arguments
of industry and
tourism.
Who might be
the different
coastal
stakeholders?
9. A number of physical and
human factors shape the
coastline.
An exam question could
ask you to identify the
physical and human
factors from a resource,
e.g. GIS map / satellite
image
Factors that
shape the
coastline
Physical factors, e.g. sand dunes,
mudflats, estuary, sand banks,
woodland , river
Human factors, e.g. roads,
agriculture / farming. Settlement,
bridge
10. 2. Coping with the pressure
Coastal developments create
patterns resulting from the
competition for space. This
can lead to pressure on
coastal environments. The
sea and shoreline can distort
the patterns of land use.
11. A pressurised coastal system….
•
•
•
•
•
Tossa de Mar, Spain
Increasingly crowded as tourist
market changes.
No longer fully ‘coastal’.
Potential conflicts between old
and new, residents and visitors,
development versus conservation.
A big issue is the future of such
places with demands for water
especially during the summer
tourist season.
12. 3. Increasing risks
You should be aware of the risks
posed by the growing incidence of
coastal hazards – and potentially
their social, economic and
environmental impacts
•Context links back to Unit 1 in terms
of climate change
•Rising sea levels; increased storm
activity + coastal flood risk
•Importance of ‘one off’ events such
as 1953, tsunami and hurricanes
•Touch on issues such as isostatic
change for the UK
•There is a fieldwork choice (‘coastal
retreat or flood risk’); in many cases
both can easily be covered.
The Fal estuary
in Cornwall; areas
vulnerable to sea
level rise
13. Coastal change…..
Coastlines have always changed and
responded to physical and human
processes. What is now of particular
concern is rates of change and
numbers of vulnerable people
Climate change and rapid coastalisation
are big threats globally. In the UK large
amounts of money are being spend to
try to manage threat and reduce risk.
14. You could link the hazard risk equation from Unit 1 to assess your
chosen coast or coasts
HAZARDS
Frequency and
magnitude of events
such as storm surges
Risk =
VULNERABILITY
A brief contrast might
be useful; physical and
human factors both
important
CAPACITY: present resources and ability
to prepared for the future
Risk
The probability of harmful consequences, or expected losses (deaths, injuries, property, livelihoods,
economic activity disrupted or environment damaged) resulting from interactions between natural or
human-induced hazards and vulnerable conditions.
Hazard
A potentially damaging physical event, phenomenon or human activity that may cause the loss of life or
injury, property damage, social and economic disruption or environmental degradation.
Vulnerability
The conditions determined by physical, social, economic, and environmental factors or processes, which
increase the susceptibility of a community to the impact of hazards.
Capacity
A combination of all the strengths and resources available within a community, society or organization that
can reduce the level of risk, or the effects of a disaster.
15. 4. Coastal
management
You should be aware that there
are a range of coastal
management and defence
strategies. What are their
advantages and disadvantages?
- Hold the line (hard
and soft approaches)
- Strategic retreat
- Do Nothing
- Advance the line
Integrated Coastal Zone
Management (ICZM) and SMPs
(Shoreline Management
Plans) and ideas that should
be researched.
16. Example – Newbiggin, N.E England
Context – (1) coastal mining subsidence
leading to beach scour, (2) sea level rise is
an increasing risk.
Also, the town itself has suffered from
mining job losses and relative isolation
within SE Northumberland
An ambitious £10million plan to
improve the beach and promenade
area through a replenishment scheme
17. Plan details 2007-8
Removal of some sea wall
to improve beach access
and appearance
500,000 tonnes beach
nourishment
Offshore breakwater
to maintain beach
and reduce wave
energy; built from
concrete tetrapods
Landscaping works
around the town to
improve image