Myself Vijay Kumar Shrivastav completed M.Sc. Agriculture (Agronomy) from G B Pant University of Agriculture and Technology in 1996.
In this presentation I have covered the title "Concept of
Agro- forestry"
This presentation covers various points related to Concept of agroforestry, social forestry, farm forestry, extension forestry, mixed forestry, shelterbelts, strip plantation, recreation forestry, objectives of agroforestry, types of agroforestry, agrisilvicultural forestry system, agrisilvopastoral agroforestry system, silvopastoral agroforestry system, application and components of agroforestry system, multifunctional agroforestry , benefits of agroforestry system, challenges and obstacles in agroforestry adoption, Initiatives of agroforestry development, agroforestry suitability map, Jharkhand agroforestry etc.
My YouTube channel name "JOURNEY WITH VIJAYKUMAR SHRIVASTAV" published contents and link as below :
1. Seed Science and Technology – Basics
Link : https://youtu.be/JxCJnmq3o8s
2. Seed Development Programs & Seed and Agricultural Organizations
Link : https://youtu.be/kWBc2Eobdxc
3. Principles of Hybrid seed Production
Link : https://youtu.be/6TvYhv4XG8c
4. An Introduction to Agriculture and Agronomy
Link : https://youtu.be/HM0WMe5X228
5. Agro-climatic zones of Jharkhand, Rainfall pattern and Abiotic stress (Hindi) ( झारखण्ड के विभिन्न जलवायु क्षेत्र , वर्षा प्रणाली एवं अजैविक दबाव )
Link : https://youtu.be/sGG7AT6-EoY
6. Agro-climatic zones of Jharkhand, Rainfall pattern and Abiotic stress
Link : https://youtu.be/00rL1Pj5Kkk
7. Rainfed Agriculture of Jharkhand ,Major Crops, Rain Water Harvesting and Fish Farming
Link : https://youtu.be/8UGR1RTJeVQ
8. Rainfed Agriculture of Jharkhand ,Major Crops, Rain Water Harvesting and Fish Farming (झारखण्ड की वर्षा पोषित कृषि , मुख्य फसलें , वर्षा जल संचयन और मत्स्य पालन) - In Hindi
Link : https://youtu.be/mi4AwBvkAeg
9. Soil fertility status of Jharkhand, improving soil health and concept of Organic farming
Link : https://youtu.be/1gxu6hmZ0us
10. Soil fertility status of Jharkhand, improving soil health and concept of Organic farming ( झारखण्ड की मृदा उर्वरता की अवस्था , मिट्टी की स्वास्थ्य वृद्धि और जैविक खेती की अवधारणा )-In Hindi
Link : https://youtu.be/9-R5c7_HDN8
11. Classification of crops
Link : https://youtu.be/VHC8izeI4cA
12. Seeds and sowing
Link : https://youtu.be/9DsWBOyBO0Q
13. Classification of crops (फसलों के वर्गीकरण )-Hindi
Link : https://youtu.be/ySDb-Qs-rz8
14. Concept of Agro-forestry.mp4
Link : https://youtu.be/E5-xwdsLOiM
15. Wastelands and Means to Reclaim them
https://youtu.be/qbwT5DXoFUU
Myself Vijay Kumar Shrivastav completed M.Sc. Agriculture (Agronomy) from G B Pant University of Agriculture and Technology in 1996.
In this presentation I have covered the title "Concept of
Agro- forestry"
This presentation covers various points related to Concept of agroforestry, social forestry, farm forestry, extension forestry, mixed forestry, shelterbelts, strip plantation, recreation forestry, objectives of agroforestry, types of agroforestry, agrisilvicultural forestry system, agrisilvopastoral agroforestry system, silvopastoral agroforestry system, application and components of agroforestry system, multifunctional agroforestry , benefits of agroforestry system, challenges and obstacles in agroforestry adoption, Initiatives of agroforestry development, agroforestry suitability map, Jharkhand agroforestry etc.
My YouTube channel name "JOURNEY WITH VIJAYKUMAR SHRIVASTAV" published contents and link as below :
1. Seed Science and Technology – Basics
Link : https://youtu.be/JxCJnmq3o8s
2. Seed Development Programs & Seed and Agricultural Organizations
Link : https://youtu.be/kWBc2Eobdxc
3. Principles of Hybrid seed Production
Link : https://youtu.be/6TvYhv4XG8c
4. An Introduction to Agriculture and Agronomy
Link : https://youtu.be/HM0WMe5X228
5. Agro-climatic zones of Jharkhand, Rainfall pattern and Abiotic stress (Hindi) ( झारखण्ड के विभिन्न जलवायु क्षेत्र , वर्षा प्रणाली एवं अजैविक दबाव )
Link : https://youtu.be/sGG7AT6-EoY
6. Agro-climatic zones of Jharkhand, Rainfall pattern and Abiotic stress
Link : https://youtu.be/00rL1Pj5Kkk
7. Rainfed Agriculture of Jharkhand ,Major Crops, Rain Water Harvesting and Fish Farming
Link : https://youtu.be/8UGR1RTJeVQ
8. Rainfed Agriculture of Jharkhand ,Major Crops, Rain Water Harvesting and Fish Farming (झारखण्ड की वर्षा पोषित कृषि , मुख्य फसलें , वर्षा जल संचयन और मत्स्य पालन) - In Hindi
Link : https://youtu.be/mi4AwBvkAeg
9. Soil fertility status of Jharkhand, improving soil health and concept of Organic farming
Link : https://youtu.be/1gxu6hmZ0us
10. Soil fertility status of Jharkhand, improving soil health and concept of Organic farming ( झारखण्ड की मृदा उर्वरता की अवस्था , मिट्टी की स्वास्थ्य वृद्धि और जैविक खेती की अवधारणा )-In Hindi
Link : https://youtu.be/9-R5c7_HDN8
11. Classification of crops
Link : https://youtu.be/VHC8izeI4cA
12. Seeds and sowing
Link : https://youtu.be/9DsWBOyBO0Q
13. Classification of crops (फसलों के वर्गीकरण )-Hindi
Link : https://youtu.be/ySDb-Qs-rz8
14. Concept of Agro-forestry.mp4
Link : https://youtu.be/E5-xwdsLOiM
15. Wastelands and Means to Reclaim them
https://youtu.be/qbwT5DXoFUU
Community forestry. Where and why has devolution of forest rights contributed...IFPRI-PIM
Presentation for the webinar organized by the CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (www.pim.cgiar.org) on August 29, 2017. Steven Lawry, Director of Equity, Gender and Tenure research program at Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) summarized findings of selected meta-analyses, presented case studies from Nepal, Guatemala, and Mexico, and previewed emerging research looking at the investment effects of community forestry models that feature strong elements of forest rights devolution.
Grass and legumes increase the aggregation of soil particles, improvement soil structure and water holding capacity of the soil. Grasses give quicker protection to eroded lands.To established gully sides, water-ways, gully heads and check dams, grass is perhaps the most effective and economical tool. It can be put to various uses in soil conservation, viz; Strip cropping, rotational cropping or lay farming. Stabilization of bunds and terraces. Stabilization of gullies, diversion or drainage channels. Stabilization of sand dunes. Meadows and pastures on steep slops. Fertility builder for eroded soil.
Presentation by Cheikh Mbow at the Paris COP21 side event hosted by ICRAF -Implementing INDC in data and tool scarce countries: Steps to success in Africa
Forest dynamics helps to understand several succession methods and to know about stand structure and development with forest based models like FORMIND, FORMIX, GRASMIND etc.,
AFFORESTATION AND NATIONAL AFFORESTATION PROGRAMME AND ACT - 2016sangeetkhule
AFFORESTATION AND NATIONAL AFFORESTATION PROGRAMME AND ACT - 2016
Afforestation is a process where new forests are planted across land without trees. As a forest grows, it naturally removes CO2 from the atmosphere and stores it in its trees.
Nexus Between Development and biodiversity conservationSaroj Upadhyay
Describing what biodiversity is, threats to biodiversity and objectives of biodiversity conservation
theories of development, old school development and its impacts
development of concept of sustainable development
nexus between development and biodiversity
concept of ICDP (integrated conservation and development project)
Convention of Biological diversity (CBD)
Community forestry. Where and why has devolution of forest rights contributed...IFPRI-PIM
Presentation for the webinar organized by the CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (www.pim.cgiar.org) on August 29, 2017. Steven Lawry, Director of Equity, Gender and Tenure research program at Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) summarized findings of selected meta-analyses, presented case studies from Nepal, Guatemala, and Mexico, and previewed emerging research looking at the investment effects of community forestry models that feature strong elements of forest rights devolution.
Grass and legumes increase the aggregation of soil particles, improvement soil structure and water holding capacity of the soil. Grasses give quicker protection to eroded lands.To established gully sides, water-ways, gully heads and check dams, grass is perhaps the most effective and economical tool. It can be put to various uses in soil conservation, viz; Strip cropping, rotational cropping or lay farming. Stabilization of bunds and terraces. Stabilization of gullies, diversion or drainage channels. Stabilization of sand dunes. Meadows and pastures on steep slops. Fertility builder for eroded soil.
Presentation by Cheikh Mbow at the Paris COP21 side event hosted by ICRAF -Implementing INDC in data and tool scarce countries: Steps to success in Africa
Forest dynamics helps to understand several succession methods and to know about stand structure and development with forest based models like FORMIND, FORMIX, GRASMIND etc.,
AFFORESTATION AND NATIONAL AFFORESTATION PROGRAMME AND ACT - 2016sangeetkhule
AFFORESTATION AND NATIONAL AFFORESTATION PROGRAMME AND ACT - 2016
Afforestation is a process where new forests are planted across land without trees. As a forest grows, it naturally removes CO2 from the atmosphere and stores it in its trees.
Nexus Between Development and biodiversity conservationSaroj Upadhyay
Describing what biodiversity is, threats to biodiversity and objectives of biodiversity conservation
theories of development, old school development and its impacts
development of concept of sustainable development
nexus between development and biodiversity
concept of ICDP (integrated conservation and development project)
Convention of Biological diversity (CBD)
This presentation describes a study to identify plants and plant parts that show potential as sustainable harvested ‘super-foods’. This included both wild foods traditionally used in Southern Africa (with a focus on the communal areas of the Wild Coast, Eastern Cape South Africa), as well as potential foods not traditionally used , but with high nutritional values. The methods used included development of a data base of wild food utilized in Southern Africa, with a focus on the communal areas of the Eastern Cape (literature review and personal observations); collation of available nutritional data (macro and micro nutrients) into a database for wild food plants for southern Africa. To assist in ranking nutritional values, two nutritional indices were used: the % Complete Food Index and the Nutritional Density Index).
This report develops a definition of a ‘superfoods’ based on number of criteria. Species that have been successfully commercialized, marketed as nutritional supplements, and that provide direct benefits to communities, such as Maroela and Baobab, serve as role models for the development of wild foods enterprises in the communal areas of the Wild Coast
The results of this study show that there are a significant number of wild food plants have exceptionally high nutritional profiles and could qualify as a ‘super-food’. Food plants were grouped according to the plant part used, these included: wild leafy vegetables, fruits, and seeds and nuts.The wild leafy vegetables, commonly known as ‘wild spinach’,are cosmopolitan weeds that have been part of the traditional diets of many Africans. Of these, a number of Amaranth species have been identified that fit the nutritional profile of a ‘super-food’. Commonly used wild foods are often tree fruits, this study identifiedthe following wild fruits as having high potential for commercial harvesting, these include:Wild plum (Harpephyllum caffrum), two Red- milkwoods, (Mimisops Cafra and M. obvata), Num-num (Carissa Macrocarpa), Dune myrtle (Eugenia Capensis) and two Kei Apples (Dovyalis caffra, and D. rhamnoides. The third category of wild foods considered are seeds and nuts: trees identified for this group included the pods of Boer-bean trees (Schotia afra, and S. brachypetala),andthe valuable oils of the Natal and forest mahogany (Trichilia emetica, and T. dregiana) as well as the high oleic oil contained in the Coastal Red-milkwood (Mimusops caffra).
Techniques of increasing the forest cover on agricultural areas [autosaved]Gobishankar Mohan
Agricultural land refers to the share of land area that is arable (temporary meadows for pasture, kitchen gardens, and land temporarily fallow), under permanent crops, and under permanent pasture land
Land use change
Drivers of conversion from forest to Agriculture
Restorethelandscapes
•Restoration options and techniques
•Woodland islets
•Management of Forests on active agricultural land
•Management of trees on fallow agricultural land
•Forest landscape restoration
Techniques of increasing the forest cover on agricultural areasGobishankar Mohan
Agricultural land refers to the share of land area that is arable (temporary meadows for pasture, kitchen gardens, and land temporarily fallow), under permanent crops, and under permanent pasture land.
Drivers of conversion from forest to Agriculture
Global Partnership on Ecological Restoration
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Forest and agroforesty options for building resilience in refugee situations:...World Agroforestry (ICRAF)
Humanitarian Networks and Partnerships Week (HNPW) 2020
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"Fit for Purpose? Current Tools and Approaches to Mitigate Climate Risks in Humanitarian Settings"
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Vulnerabilities of forests and forest dependent people
Peter Minang, FTA, ICRAF
Social and environmental justice as a trigger of robust ambitious climate action and prosperous future for all
Chilean pavilion, COP 25, Madrid, 7th December 2019
An increasing multitude of insect pests and pathogens is targeting indigenous trees of natural forests, agroforestry systems, and exotic trees in planted forests in Africa. This is raising major concerns for a continent already challenged by adaptations to climate change, as it threatens a vital resource for food security of rural communities, economic growth, and ecosystem conservation. The accidental introduction through trade of non‐native species in particular is accelerating, and it adds to the damage to tree‐based landscapes by native pests and diseases. Old‐time and new invaders heavily impact planted forests of exotic eucalypts, pines, and acacias, and are spreading quickly across African regions. But many non‐native pathogens are recently found affecting important indigenous trees.
Decent work and economic growth: Potential impacts of SDG 8 on forests and fo...World Agroforestry (ICRAF)
This paper assesses the potential impact of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 8 on forests and forest-dependent people. The concepts of decent work and economic growth are put in the context of predominant development theories and paradigms (modernization, economic growth, basic needs, sustainable development) which shape the agendas of governments, private sector, civil society, and investors. These stakeholders pursue different goals and interests, with uneven prioritization of SDG 8 targets and mixed impacts on forests and livelihoods.
Forest conservation and socio-economic benefits through community forest conc...World Agroforestry (ICRAF)
With an extension of 2.1 million ha, the Maya Biosphere Reserve (MBR) in Petén, Guatemala is the largest protected area in Central America. To reconcile forest conservation and socio-economic development, community forest concessions were created in its Multiple Use Zone (MUZ) in the late 1990s and early 2000s. Operated by a community forest enterprise (CFE), and with a cycle of 25 years, the concessions grant usufruct rights to local communities on an area of about 400,000 ha. Currently, nine concessions are active, while the contracts of two concessions were cancelled and the management plan of another suspended.
Sustainable land management for improved livelihoods and environmental sustai...World Agroforestry (ICRAF)
A healthy viable multifunctional landscape has the capability of supporting sustainable agricultural productivity, providing agroforestry and forest products (timber, fuel wood, fruits, medicine, fertilizer, gum etc.) for the sustenance of mankind while providing other environmental services. However these products are increasingly becoming unavailable due to declining soil fertility, climatic extremes, and high costs of inputs. Identifying low-cost, sustainable ways to attain food security and sustainable environment for millions of smallholder farmers in Sub Saharan Africa (SSA) remains a major developmental challenge.
Rangelands are more than just grass but rather complex and biodiverse ecosystems. Covering nearly half the world’s land area, they are in need of restoration and sustainable management.
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For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
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The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
"Protectable subject matters, Protection in biotechnology, Protection of othe...
Demystifying the Role of Agroforestry in Biodiversity Conservation Mohamed I Bakarr
1. Demystifying the Role of Agroforestry
in Biodiversity Conservation
Mohamed I Bakarr
ICRAF’s Scientific Renewal Seminar Series
2. Agroforestry….
Creates livelihood options
for poor farmers and their
families in conservation
landscapes
‘Agroforest’ forms of tree
crop production form a matrix
that matters for conservation
of biodiversity
Principles can be applied in
landscape approaches to
biodiversity conservation
…..needs to be mainstreamed.
4. Global Biodiversity Conservation
• The message is clear and consistent --
– Maintaining representative networks of natural
habitats – Protected Areas
– Eliminate threats to species
– Sustainable use of natural resources
– Access and benefit sharing
• But, the extent to which we are integrating
these efforts in broader landscapes
remains questionable
5. Agroforestry and Biodiversity
Conservation
• Agroforestry contributes to
biodiversity conservation through
three major pathways:
1. Reducing pressure on natural forests,
2. Providing habitat for native plant and animal
species, and
3. Serving as a benign matrix land use for
fragmented landscapes
Schroth et al. 2004
6. Fragmentation is deleterious
Loss of habitat results in:
– wildlife population
declines
– local “extinctions” --
particularly large
mammals
– Increased in
marginalized habitats
Miss Waldron’s Red Colobus, a
West African endemic believed to
be extinct across its range.
7. Fragmentation causes forest edges to recede
• Edge effects can be
pronounced by
“harshness” of the
matrix == >
– incidence of fires --
changes in biotic and
abiotic features
– exotic and invasive
species
• Receding edges lead
to increased
impoverishment of
the habitat interior
Gascon et al. 2000
8.
9. The Future of Biodiversity is in
Landscape-scale approaches
• Livelihood options for local people – top priority in
forest management and conservation
• Effective linkages between protected areas and
other land use practices – “beyond boundaries”
• Innovations in land use practices to create
alternative sources of income
• Opportunities to recognize and reward land use
innovations (e.g. payments for environmental
services)
• Participatory processes for integrated natural
resource management
10. Landscape-scale Conservation
• Integrating the
management of:
– Protected Areas
– Watersheds
– Degraded forests
– Farms and Plantations
• To accommodate:
– Species and habitat
conservation needs
– Ecological processes
– Effects of biophysical
changes such as climate
– Traditional or
subsistence livelihood
practices
11. The science and practice of agroforestry
embodies several conservation
principles that are amenable to
landscape approaches
12. Principle 1:
Maintaining genetic diversity of
exploited species through in situ
and ex situ conservation
13. Domestication of high value
indigenous trees
1. Product
development
2. Business
development
3. Marketing
16. AF in the Humid Tropics & C Stocks
400
Primary Forest
Vegetation Carbon
300
Managed forest
200
(Mg ha-1)
Tree-based systems
100
Crops, Pastures,
Grasslands
0
Soil Carbon
100
From ASB Climate Change Working Group,Palm et al.
22. LIVE FENCES
Fencing is a major
cause of deforestation
in drier areas.
Live fences are
alternatives to
dead fences—limit
tree clearance—
and are sources of
Jatropha income .
28. Option 1
• Linking agroforestry
science to landscape
conservation planning
– targeting agroforestry
innovations for habitat
connectivity
– landscape reclamation or
restoration
– improving land productivity
and habitat quality for wild
species
Strategic alliances with mainstream conservation NGOs
29. Option 2
• Use of INRM approaches for defining
livelihood priorities and tree-based
options in conservation landscapes
– Tradeoff analysis in the forest margins (e.g.
ASB Matrix)
– Negotiation support systems for conflict
management
– Collective action for improved natural
resource management (e.g. Landcare)
30. Option 3
• Engaging conservation
biologists in the science
and practice of
agroforestry
– defining biodiversity targets
– analyzing metapopulation
dynamics
– mitigating impacts of climate
change
– types of trees, spatial
configurations of trees,
densities of trees
31. Option 4
• Expanding the range
of agroforestry options
offered to farmers to
enhance conservation
values
– enhance the use of
multiple species of
trees, especially
indigenous species,to
diversify production
landscapes
32. Option 5
• Harnessing and
maintaining complex
agroforestry systems for
biodiversity conservation
– rewards and incentive
mechanisms for poor
farmers engaged in
conservation-friendly
practices (e.g. shade
coffee, rubber
agroforests)
33. Option 6
• Promoting more
systematic studies of
species interactions
and ecological
processes in
agroforestry systems
– understanding the risks of
invasiveness for alien
tree species
– habitat use by wild
species, including
corridors
– watershed management
34. Option 7
• Integrating agroforestry into Conservation
Biology Curricula, with topics such as:
– Domestication of high value tree species
– Managing trees for improved landscapes
– Managing trees to mitigate the effects of biophysical
changes
– Integrating trees in landscapes to enhance
environmental services
– Assessing and rewarding environmental stewardship in
agroecosystems
– Value-adding for tree-based practices to create options
for improved livelihoods in conservation areas
35. Option 8
• Linking agroforestry science to global and
regional environmental policy process
– Millennium Ecosystem Assessment
endorsement – major achievement!
– CBD Programmes of Work on agricultural
biodiversity; Global Strategy for Plant
Conservation
– UNCCD – reversing land degradation in the
drylands
– UNFCCC – climate change adaptation and
mitigation; clean development mechanism
– NEPAD Environment Initiative
37. Emerging Science? (1)
• Are we putting agroforests or agroforestry
systems into landscape contexts?
– Value-adding options for linking “farms” at
landscape scale
– Restoration or recovery of degraded lands
– Optimizing land use practices for native
biodiversity (plants, animals)
– Optimizing land use practices to mitigate
alien invasives
– Climate change adapation
38. Emerging Science? (2)
• How does agroforests or agroforestry
systems influence landscape scale
patterns/processes and vice versa?
– Hydrological processes - watersheds
– Agroforestry “stepping stones” as biological
corridors
– Erosion control on slopes
– Climate change mitigation - Carbon
sequestration
Mainly SE Asia, some work in Western Kenya
39.
40. Strategic Alliances
• ICRAF-CIFOR Biodiversity Platform
– Understanding tropical landscape mosaics to improve
livelihoods and conserve biodiversity
• ICRAF-CI Hotspots Alliance
– Science for climate change adaptation, habitat
recovery and sustainable livelihoods in tropical
hotspots and high biodiversity wilderness areas
• ICRAF-WWF Carbon Alliance
– Delivering cost-effective greenhouse gas emission
reductions, while promoting biodiversity conservation,
sustainable land use and improvements in rural
livelihoods