AFFORESTATION AND NATIONAL AFFORESTATION PROGRAMME AND ACT - 2016
Afforestation is a process where new forests are planted across land without trees. As a forest grows, it naturally removes CO2 from the atmosphere and stores it in its trees.
TOPIC: SACRED GROVES THE BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOTSpptx pdfMahesh Lakshman
“Sacred Groves are small patches of natural vegetation dedicated by local communities to ancestral spirit or deities and have traditional means of biodiversity, where climax-growth of vegetation can found”. Many species of trees were considered ‘Sacred’ in Indian societies, for example, Bassia latifolia and Anthrocephalus cadamba the tribals of Orissa and Bihar worshipped Tamarindus indica and Mangifera indica. “Many species of Ficus were worshipped throughout India. It was also believed that, certain species of trees symbolize specific Gods and such trees were also worshipped” Sacred groves are tracts of virgin forest harbouring rich biodiversity and are protected by local communities to keep them in a relatively undisturbed state. These are the small patches of relic forest, protected by local communities on religious ground, which are the traditional Indian way of in situ conservation of biodiversity. Various indigenous communities dedicate sacred groves to the local deities or ancestral spirits. Such a grove may consist of a multi-species, multi-tier primary forest or a cluster of trees, depending on the history of the vegetation. These groves were protected by local communities, usually through customary taboos and sanctions with cultural and ecological implications.
Sacred groves are the good source of a variety of medicinal plants, fruits, fodder, fuel wood, spices, etc. In India, the sacred groves were reported earlier from the Himalayas, North-east India, highlands of Bihar, Orissa, Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Kerala, particularly where the indigenous communities live. There are 13,720Sacred Groves reported in India. The total area of SGs in India as a whole, would be about 39,063 ha Contribute 0.055% of the total Forest area of India.
Several plants and animals that are threatened in the forest are still well conserved in some of the sacred groves. It has been observed that several medicinal plants that are not to be found in the forest are abundant in the sacred groves. Further, rare, endangered, threatened and endemic species are often concentrated in sacred groves. Main causes of anthropogenic pressure the degradation of habitat happening. The sacredness, religious beliefs and taboos play a significant role in promoting sustainable utilization and conservation of flora and fauna of the region. However, with the passage of time, considerable changes have taken place in the extent of the sacred groves, in their vegetation structure, peoples’ perception towards them causing the frequent degradation of these “Mini Biosphere Reserves”.
Nearly 85 percent* of wildland fires in the United States are caused by humans. Human-caused fires result from campfires left unattended, the burning of debris, equipment use and malfunctions, negligently discarded cigarettes, and intentional acts of arson.
TOPIC: SACRED GROVES THE BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOTSpptx pdfMahesh Lakshman
“Sacred Groves are small patches of natural vegetation dedicated by local communities to ancestral spirit or deities and have traditional means of biodiversity, where climax-growth of vegetation can found”. Many species of trees were considered ‘Sacred’ in Indian societies, for example, Bassia latifolia and Anthrocephalus cadamba the tribals of Orissa and Bihar worshipped Tamarindus indica and Mangifera indica. “Many species of Ficus were worshipped throughout India. It was also believed that, certain species of trees symbolize specific Gods and such trees were also worshipped” Sacred groves are tracts of virgin forest harbouring rich biodiversity and are protected by local communities to keep them in a relatively undisturbed state. These are the small patches of relic forest, protected by local communities on religious ground, which are the traditional Indian way of in situ conservation of biodiversity. Various indigenous communities dedicate sacred groves to the local deities or ancestral spirits. Such a grove may consist of a multi-species, multi-tier primary forest or a cluster of trees, depending on the history of the vegetation. These groves were protected by local communities, usually through customary taboos and sanctions with cultural and ecological implications.
Sacred groves are the good source of a variety of medicinal plants, fruits, fodder, fuel wood, spices, etc. In India, the sacred groves were reported earlier from the Himalayas, North-east India, highlands of Bihar, Orissa, Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Kerala, particularly where the indigenous communities live. There are 13,720Sacred Groves reported in India. The total area of SGs in India as a whole, would be about 39,063 ha Contribute 0.055% of the total Forest area of India.
Several plants and animals that are threatened in the forest are still well conserved in some of the sacred groves. It has been observed that several medicinal plants that are not to be found in the forest are abundant in the sacred groves. Further, rare, endangered, threatened and endemic species are often concentrated in sacred groves. Main causes of anthropogenic pressure the degradation of habitat happening. The sacredness, religious beliefs and taboos play a significant role in promoting sustainable utilization and conservation of flora and fauna of the region. However, with the passage of time, considerable changes have taken place in the extent of the sacred groves, in their vegetation structure, peoples’ perception towards them causing the frequent degradation of these “Mini Biosphere Reserves”.
Nearly 85 percent* of wildland fires in the United States are caused by humans. Human-caused fires result from campfires left unattended, the burning of debris, equipment use and malfunctions, negligently discarded cigarettes, and intentional acts of arson.
Innovative Tools for Sustainable Forest Management under Climate ChangeCIFOR-ICRAF
This presentation was delivered at the third Asia-Pacific Forestry Week 2016, in Clark Freeport Zone, Philippines.
The five sub-thematic streams at APFW 2016 included:
Pathways to prosperity: Future trade and markets
Tackling climate change: challenges and opportunities
Serving society: forestry and people
New institutions, new governance
Our green future: green investment and growing our natural assets
Detail discussion on Forest Fire with it's causes,effect and predictions. Which can be helpful to student to make their own presentation and reading Purpose.
This presentation by Daju Pradnja Resosudarmo
focuses on all the benefits forests provide, what problems forests still face, what is causing these problems, how we can strengthen forests in the landscape and what role Sustainable Development Goals could play.
Grass and legumes increase the aggregation of soil particles, improvement soil structure and water holding capacity of the soil. Grasses give quicker protection to eroded lands.To established gully sides, water-ways, gully heads and check dams, grass is perhaps the most effective and economical tool. It can be put to various uses in soil conservation, viz; Strip cropping, rotational cropping or lay farming. Stabilization of bunds and terraces. Stabilization of gullies, diversion or drainage channels. Stabilization of sand dunes. Meadows and pastures on steep slops. Fertility builder for eroded soil.
Forest and Wildlife resources are of great significance to millions of people, especially those whose livelihoods largely depend on them. These resources play a key role in protecting the environment and are of tremendous importance to the sustainable development of every country. Forest and Wildlife resources policies and institutions are critical to achieving sustainable forest management. Recognizing the importance of forest and wildlife resources and the need for appropriate measures to optimize their utilization and management in Ghana, various past governments formulated policies for developing a national forest estate, wildlife sites and a timber industry that guarantee a full range of sustainable benefits for the population. However, most of the forest and wildlife policies have failed to address the fundamental challenges of forest and wildlife management in the country.
Presentation by Mike Parr at “Putting pledges into practice in Latin America – an early assessment of Initiative 20×20 from science, policy and finance perspectives” Discussion Forum on the second day of the Global Landscapes Forum 2015, in Paris, France alongside COP21. For more information go to: www.landscapes.org.
Innovative Tools for Sustainable Forest Management under Climate ChangeCIFOR-ICRAF
This presentation was delivered at the third Asia-Pacific Forestry Week 2016, in Clark Freeport Zone, Philippines.
The five sub-thematic streams at APFW 2016 included:
Pathways to prosperity: Future trade and markets
Tackling climate change: challenges and opportunities
Serving society: forestry and people
New institutions, new governance
Our green future: green investment and growing our natural assets
Detail discussion on Forest Fire with it's causes,effect and predictions. Which can be helpful to student to make their own presentation and reading Purpose.
This presentation by Daju Pradnja Resosudarmo
focuses on all the benefits forests provide, what problems forests still face, what is causing these problems, how we can strengthen forests in the landscape and what role Sustainable Development Goals could play.
Grass and legumes increase the aggregation of soil particles, improvement soil structure and water holding capacity of the soil. Grasses give quicker protection to eroded lands.To established gully sides, water-ways, gully heads and check dams, grass is perhaps the most effective and economical tool. It can be put to various uses in soil conservation, viz; Strip cropping, rotational cropping or lay farming. Stabilization of bunds and terraces. Stabilization of gullies, diversion or drainage channels. Stabilization of sand dunes. Meadows and pastures on steep slops. Fertility builder for eroded soil.
Forest and Wildlife resources are of great significance to millions of people, especially those whose livelihoods largely depend on them. These resources play a key role in protecting the environment and are of tremendous importance to the sustainable development of every country. Forest and Wildlife resources policies and institutions are critical to achieving sustainable forest management. Recognizing the importance of forest and wildlife resources and the need for appropriate measures to optimize their utilization and management in Ghana, various past governments formulated policies for developing a national forest estate, wildlife sites and a timber industry that guarantee a full range of sustainable benefits for the population. However, most of the forest and wildlife policies have failed to address the fundamental challenges of forest and wildlife management in the country.
Presentation by Mike Parr at “Putting pledges into practice in Latin America – an early assessment of Initiative 20×20 from science, policy and finance perspectives” Discussion Forum on the second day of the Global Landscapes Forum 2015, in Paris, France alongside COP21. For more information go to: www.landscapes.org.
The role of private sector in forest conservation & finance CIFOR-ICRAF
Presented by Aida Greenbury, Chair of Private Sector Roundtable at the 3rd Asia-Pacific Rainforest Summit, on 23–25 April 2018 in Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Different Govt. Initiatives Taken for abatement of pollution : National Affo...SejalWasule
There have been several government initiatives taken for abatement of pollution in India. Here are three key examples:
National Afforestation Program and Act-2016: The National Afforestation Program was launched in 2016 with the aim of increasing forest cover in the country. The program aims to bring 33% of the country's land under forest and tree cover. The National Afforestation Act, which was also introduced in 2016, provides for the conservation, development, and sustainable management of forests. National River Conservation Plan: The National River Conservation Plan was launched in 1985 with the objective of cleaning up and conserving India's rivers. The plan covers 31 rivers in 14 states and aims to improve the water quality of these rivers. Under this plan, various measures are taken to control pollution, including setting up of sewage treatment plants, effluent treatment plants, and solid waste management facilities. Formation of National Green Tribunal: The National Green Tribunal (NGT) was formed in 2010 as a specialized court to handle environmental disputes and cases related to the enforcement of environmental laws. The NGT has jurisdiction over all civil cases related to environmental issues and has the power to issue orders and judgments related to the protection and conservation of the environment. The formation of the NGT has helped to improve the enforcement of environmental laws and has led to more effective management of environmental issues. The National Afforestation Program (NAP) was launched in 2002 to increase the forest cover of the country and to improve the ecological balance. In 2016, the government of India enacted the National Afforestation Program and Fund Act, 2016 to provide a legal framework for the implementation of the program.
The main objectives of the National Afforestation Program and Fund Act, 2016 are: To increase the forest cover of the country and improve the quality of forests.To enhance the capacity of the forest-dependent communities and to promote sustainable forest management practices.
To encourage private sector participation in afforestation and reforestation activities.
Under the Act, the National Afforestation Program Fund is established to provide financial support for afforestation and reforestation activities. The Fund is managed by a National Afforestation and Eco-Development Board, which is responsible for the implementation and monitoring of the program. The National Afforestation Program and Fund Act, 2016 is a significant step towards the protection and conservation of forests in India. It provides a legal framework for the implementation of the.he National River Conservation Plan (NRCP) is a comprehensive program launched by the Government of India to conserve and rejuvenate the polluted and degraded rivers in the country. The program was launched in 1985 with the objective of improving the water quality of rivers and their ecological health.
Poverty Alleviation Programmes; Area Development Programmes; Women Development Programmes; Agricultural Development Programmes Implemented By State Department Of Agriculture
FLR in Ghana - Lessons learned and the Way ForwardGPFLR
Presentation by Dominic Blay on Forest Landscape Restoration in Ghana. Dominic Blay discusses what is needed with regard to political and institutional change for FLR to succeed in Ghana.
Upland forest restoration and livelihoods in AsiaCIFOR-ICRAF
This presentation was given by CIFOR scientist Louis Putzel at the APFNet Workshop on Degraded Forest Rehabilitation and Sustainable Forest Management in Kunming on 10 July 2014.
The presentation gives an overview of the findings of a comparative study on sloping land restoration in three different countries in Asia
Preconditions for Economic Growth, Poverty Reduction and Prosperity for All t...Environmental Alert (EA)
This is a Joint Civil Society Position on the Environment and Natural Resources sector performance, published ahead of the annual joint sector review for the Water and Environment sector for the financial year 2008/09. It highlights the contributions of the Environment and Natural Resources Civil Society Organizations to the sector. Furthermore, it presents the challenges in the sector and associated recommendations for addressing them.
#Government Schemes & Programs in Agriculture# By SN PanigrahiSN Panigrahi, PMP
#Government Schemes & Programs in Agriculture#
By SN Panigrahi
Government of India is giving more priority for welfare of the farmers. In this regard it is implementing several farmers welfare schemes to revitalize agriculture sector and to improve their economic conditions. Therefore, the government has rolled out new initiatives, schemes, programs and plans to benefit all the farmers.
Forest Landscape Restoration in Eastern Africa: Progress and gaps in engaging...CIFOR-ICRAF
Presented by Habtemariam Kassa, from the Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), at the 7th Conference of the ASEAN Working Group on Social Forestry (AWG-SF) in Chiang Mai (Thailand), June 12-16, 2017.
Design And Development of Hybrid Solar Dryers For Domestic Applicationssangeetkhule
INTRODUCTION
COMMERCIAL ASPECT
LITERATURE REVIEW
OUTCOME OF LITERATURE REVIEW
METHODOLOGY
DESIGN
CAD MODEL & SIMULATION
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
Solar energy is a primary renewable energy source with the potential to meet
several challenges faced by humankind. Solar technologies convert sunlight into
electrical energy either through photovoltaic (PV) panels or through mirrors that
concentrate solar radiation. There are two basic mechanisms involved in the drying
process of solar drying; are: The migration of moisture from the interior of the
substance to be dried, and the second is the evaporation of moisture from the surface to
the surrounding air. The solar drying system utilizes the solar energy to heat air and to
dry any food substance which is loaded, which is not only beneficial but also it reduces
wastage of agricultural products and helps in the preservation of agricultural products,
but it also makes transportation of such dried product quickly and promotes the health
and welfare of the people. So, the development of a hybrid solar-energy dryer using a
photovoltaic (PV) solar panel to power the heating element coil and charge the battery,
which had a storage energy system, was developed and constructed with readily
available materials market was proposed.
This report presents the basics of the solar dryer, and the Literature review
contains recent innovative techniques used for developments of different types like
direct, indirect, mixed-mode, and hybrid solar dryers are discussed from the duration of
the previous two to three decades. Also, a comprehensive report of the fundamental
principles governing the drying process with the classification of the practically realized
various designs and selection of solar dryers for drying agricultural and marine products
has been presented.
The dryer comprises a solar collector (air heater) with the baffles and a solar
drying chamber containing a rack of four net trays, both being assimilated together. The
air allowed in through the air inlet is heated up in the solar collector chamber andchannelled through the drying chamber, where it is utilized in drying (removing the
moisture content from the food substances or agricultural product loaded in it). Locally
materials were used for the construction are wood, glass, aluminium metal sheet, PV,
and net for the trays.
The hybrid solar dryer discussed in the papers in the literature review is a
prominent practical technology that can dry various crops under all weather conditions.
Temperatures in the drying cabinet can be expected to range between 40 to 70ºC.
Compared to traditional drying, the hybrid dryer produces a better quality product and
can reduce the drying time by up to 50 to 70 %.
DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF HYBRID SOLAR DRYER FOR DOMESTIC APPLICATIONSsangeetkhule
Introduction
Role of The Sun
Importance of Renewable Energy Sources
Solar Drying
Basics of Solar Energy
Working of Solar Cell
Basics of Solar Thermal Conversions
Outline of Thesis
Solar Dryer
Basics of Solar Dryers
Need For Dryers
Various Methods of Drying
Basics of Solar Drying Technique
Difference Between OSD & Solar Drying
Various Types of Solar Dryers
Working Consist of Hybrid Solar Dryer
Advantages & Reasons For Limited Use In India
Applications of Solar Dryers
Literature Review
Direct Solar Dryer
Indirect Solar Dryer
Mixed Mode Solar Dryer
Hybrid Solar Dryer
Conclusions
The outcome of Literature Review
Selection of Food Products
Methodology And Design Criterion
Methodology
Design Criterion
Selection of Solar Dryer Type
Design of Solar Dryer
Working of Model
Design Calculations
The Fan/Blower Design
Computer-Aided Design of Hybrid Solar Dryer
Solar Collector
Drying Chamber
Trays
Stand
Computational Analysis
Pre-Processor
PostProcessor
Economic Analysis
Economic Analysis of Dried Food Products
Bill
Actual Components For Fabricating
Commercial Solar Dryers
Other Locations
Conclusion And Recommendations
Conclusion
Recommendations
References
Power Requirements
Optimum Angle of Inclination
Solar Collector Area Calculations
Calculation of Components
Chapter 1 City of Residence
Chapter 2 Estimation of Available Solar Resources
Chapter 3 Site Survey
Chapter 4 Load Estimation
Chapter 5 Electricity Bill & Estimated Load
Chapter 6 Design of BOS & Market Survey
Chapter 7 Economical Analysis & Estimation of Payback Period
Chapter 8 Conclusion
Design Calculations for Solar Water Heating Systemsangeetkhule
Chapter 1 City of Residence
Chapter 2 Estimation of Available Solar Resources
Chapter 3 Site Survey
Chapter 4 Load Estimation
Chapter 5 Estimation of Required Absorber Area
Chapter 6 Market Survey & Estimation of No. of Tubes for ETC
Chapter 7 Economical Analysis & Estimation of Payback Period
Chapter 8 Conclusion
OPTICAL MICROSCOPY AND COORDINATE MEASURING MACHINE sangeetkhule
Introduction
Working principle
Classification
Construction and working
Different types of an optical scope
Process capabilities and analysis
Testing
Process parameters
Components and machine structure
Confocal laser scanning microscopy
Microscopic
Advantages
Applications
Advancement in CMM
Machine characteristics
Process parameters of CMM
Animation video
Research papers
Bar graphs and tables
Conclusion
References
THE GREEN BUILDING
INTRODUCTION
HISTORY
COMPARISON
NEED FOR GREEN BUILDINGS IN INDIA
HOW TO MAKE OUR BUILDINGS GREEN?
STRATEGIES & TECHNOLOGY
BENEFITS & LIMITATIONS
FEATURES, MATERIALS & METHODS
CHARACTERISTICS OF A GREEN BUILDING
TYPES OF GREEN BUILDING
LEED RATING SYSTEM
SOME GREEN BUILDINGS IN INDIA
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
Heat Transfer Applications
Heat transfer is a discipline of thermal engineering that concerns the generation, use, conversion, and exchange of thermal energy between physical systems. Heat transfer is classified into various mechanisms, such as thermal conduction, thermal convection, thermal radiation, and transfer of energy by phase changes.
Introduction
Applications
References
conclusion
A to D Convertors
work to convert analog (continuous, infinitely variable) signals to digital (discrete-time, discrete-amplitude) signals. In more practical terms, an ADC converts an analog input, such as a microphone collecting sound, into a digital signal.
Composite material
A composite material is a material that is produced from two or more constituent materials. These constituent materials have notably dissimilar chemical or physical properties and are merged to create a material with properties, unlike the individual elements.
INTRODUCTION
HISTORY OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS
COMPONENTS
NEED OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS
FABRICATION METHODS
PROPERTIES
CLASSIFICATION OF COMPOSITES
NATURAL FIBRES
APPLICATIONS
ARTIFICIALLY MADE COMPOSITES
PARTICLE REINFORCED COMPOSITES
FIBRE-REINFORCED COMPOSITES
STRUCTURAL COMPOSITES
REFERENCES
Active suspension system
An active suspension is a type of automotive suspension on a vehicle. It uses an onboard system to control the vertical movement of the vehicle's wheels relative to the chassis or vehicle body rather than the passive suspension provided by large springs where the movement is determined entirely by the road surface. So-called active suspensions are divided into two classes: real active suspensions, and adaptive or semi-active suspensions. While adaptive suspensions only very shock absorber firmness to match changing road or dynamic conditions, active suspensions use some type of actuator to raise and lower the chassis independently at each wheel.
Diamond Turn Machining
Diamond turning is turning using a cutting tool with a diamond tip. It is a process of mechanical machining of precision elements using lathes or derivative machine tools equipped with natural or synthetic diamond-tipped tool bits.
Introduction
Components and machine structure
Different types of equipment
Tooling specifications
Tolerance and aspect ratios
Working principle
Control systems and power requirement
Process parameters
Material to be machined
MRR and surface finish
Advantages and disadvantages
Applications
Advancement in DTM
Machine characteristics
Machine tool requirement
Bar graphs and tables
Conclusion
References
Animation video
Conventional Braking System
Introduction OfRegenerative Braking System
Necessity Of The System
Elements Of Regenerative Braking System
Different Types Of Regenerative Braking System
Advantages And Disadvantages
Research Papers
Conclusion
Future Scope
References
Regenerative Braking System
Regenerative braking is a way of taking the wasted energy from the process of slowing down a car and using it to recharge the car's batteries.
Introduction
Literature Review
Recent Research And
Development In Hess
Case Study
Regenerative Braking System In
Bus
Regenerative Braking
System In Railways
Conclusion
Future Scope
References
AUTOMATIC PORTABLE HAMMERING MACHINE
TITLE PAGE
CERTIFICATE
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
LIST OF FIGURES
INTRODUCTION
LITERATURE REVIEW
INTRODUCTION
PROJECT METHODS AND COMPONENT DETAILS
DESIGN OF HAMMERING MACHINE
CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION
FUTURE SCOPE
REFERENCES
CAD MODEL
Etching
In order to form a functional MEMS structure on a substrate, it is necessary to etch the thin films previously deposited and/or the substrate itself. In general, there are two classes of etching processes:
Wet etching where the material is dissolved when immersed in a chemical solution
Dry etching where the material is sputtered or dissolved using reactive ions or a vapour phase etchant
AUTOMATIC PORTABLE HAMMERING MACHINE
TITLE PAGE
CERTIFICATE
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
LIST OF FIGURES
INTRODUCTION
LITERATURE REVIEW
INTRODUCTION
PROJECT METHODS AND COMPONENT DETAILS
DESIGN OF HAMMERING MACHINE
CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION
FUTURE SCOPE
REFERENCES
CAD MODEL
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
Diabetes is a rapidly and serious health problem in Pakistan. This chronic condition is associated with serious long-term complications, including higher risk of heart disease and stroke. Aggressive treatment of hypertension and hyperlipideamia can result in a substantial reduction in cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes 1. Consequently pharmacist-led diabetes cardiovascular risk (DCVR) clinics have been established in both primary and secondary care sites in NHS Lothian during the past five years. An audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery at the clinics was conducted in order to evaluate practice and to standardize the pharmacists’ documentation of outcomes. Pharmaceutical care issues (PCI) and patient details were collected both prospectively and retrospectively from three DCVR clinics. The PCI`s were categorized according to a triangularised system consisting of multiple categories. These were ‘checks’, ‘changes’ (‘change in drug therapy process’ and ‘change in drug therapy’), ‘drug therapy problems’ and ‘quality assurance descriptors’ (‘timer perspective’ and ‘degree of change’). A verified medication assessment tool (MAT) for patients with chronic cardiovascular disease was applied to the patients from one of the clinics. The tool was used to quantify PCI`s and pharmacist actions that were centered on implementing or enforcing clinical guideline standards. A database was developed to be used as an assessment tool and to standardize the documentation of achievement of outcomes. Feedback on the audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery and the database was received from the DCVR clinic pharmacist at a focus group meeting.
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
Micro RNA genes and their likely influence in rice (Oryza sativa L.) dynamic ...Open Access Research Paper
Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs molecules having approximately 18-25 nucleotides, they are present in both plants and animals genomes. MiRNAs have diverse spatial expression patterns and regulate various developmental metabolisms, stress responses and other physiological processes. The dynamic gene expression playing major roles in phenotypic differences in organisms are believed to be controlled by miRNAs. Mutations in regions of regulatory factors, such as miRNA genes or transcription factors (TF) necessitated by dynamic environmental factors or pathogen infections, have tremendous effects on structure and expression of genes. The resultant novel gene products presents potential explanations for constant evolving desirable traits that have long been bred using conventional means, biotechnology or genetic engineering. Rice grain quality, yield, disease tolerance, climate-resilience and palatability properties are not exceptional to miRN Asmutations effects. There are new insights courtesy of high-throughput sequencing and improved proteomic techniques that organisms’ complexity and adaptations are highly contributed by miRNAs containing regulatory networks. This article aims to expound on how rice miRNAs could be driving evolution of traits and highlight the latest miRNA research progress. Moreover, the review accentuates miRNAs grey areas to be addressed and gives recommendations for further studies.
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
2. CONTENT
ABOUT AFFORESTATION
NATIONAL AFFORESTATION PROGRAMME
• National Afforestation Programme (NAP) Scheme
NATIONAL AFFORESTATION ACT 2016
• CAMPA Act or Compensatory Afforestation Fund Act
4. AFFORESTATION AND ITS BENEFITS
AFFORESTATION is planting seeds or trees to make a forest on
land which has not been a forest recently, or which has never been a
forest.
BENEFITS OF AFFORESTATION
• It restores ecological balance of all eco systems.
• It maintains biological diversity.
• It act as catchments for the soil and water conservation.
• Plating tress can stabilize soils by increasing interception, Bring soil
together and prevent soil erosion.
• Prevent floods and safeguard future of the tribal people.
• Stabilized the climate and the forest products.
5. FACTS OF AFFORESTATION IN INDIA
Total Forest Cover of India is 630 sq.km. which is 19.45 per cent of
total geographical area which states that there is imbalance in forest
management.
INDIA CONTRIBUTE
• 18% of World Population.
• 15 % of the Worlds livestock.
• Just 2% of Geographical area.
• Forest Area is 1% and per capita is 0.08% which is even lower than
world average of 0.8%.
Large Scale Deforestation and non optimal Afforestation are root and
branch cause for the present crisis.
Ninth Five Year Plan is already started and results of previous of
plans shows depressing result.
7. AFFORESTATION IN INDIA
Afforestation a programme to protect the requirements of
society, economy and environment is divided to broad
categories.
Production forestry : Afforestation programme wherein emphasis is
given on production of timber and wood for industrial use.
Social forestry : A programme which is instrumental in
• Protecting social/public by increasing fuel, wood supply, fodder
supply, protection of agriculture fields against winds.
• Social Forestry are Farm Forestry, Rural forestry and Urban Forestry
In India Afforestation is not a programme but a mission which
requires public participation.
8. EMERGING TRENDS IN INDIA
Even after completion of Eight Five Year Plan, our Contribution to
world forest coverage is far below the world average. Till now we have
only 1% of world forest coverage.
Below figure indicates that for 2 years i.e. 87 & 90 we were moving in
right direction, however emerging trends indicate that in majority of
cases, the development of forest is haphazard.
Lapses in distribution system which virtually affect the
implementation process.
Innovate strategy for Marketing Afforestation is thus a need of an
hour.
10. AFFORESTATION MARKETING AND ITS
JUSTIFICATIONS
AFFORESTATION Marketing focuses on the application of
marketing principles for the time honoured and effective
implementation of programme social interest are protected, ecological
balance is maintained and avenues are paved for the development of
economy.
FOLLOWING POINTS JUSTIFY THE APPLICATION OF
SOCIETAL MARKETING PRINCIPLES
• An Optimal mix for Afforestation programme.
• Inculcating Mass Awareness.
• Cost effectiveness.
• Benefits of Sensitive Segment.
• Benefits of Rural Economy.
• Maintaining the Ecological Balance.
• Transforming the Programme into mission.
11. AFFORESTATION MIX & PROMOTION
AFFORESTATION
AFFORESTATION MIX:
o Based on the properties of different groups of plants, formulation of
package which will help in making the programme profitable and thus
succeeding in having fair bending of environmental and commercial
considerations.
o Afforestation MIX constitutes
• Rural Forestry: Ownership of land is of Public or forestry is found in
community and panchayat land.
• Farm Forestry: Ownership of land is of individual and it’s a process
of technological benefits to farm sector.
• Urban Forestry: Urban forestry aims at bringing trees to doors of
urban people and developing aesthic sense.
• Industrial Forestry: Industrial forestry is process of industrial
transformation by supplying them necessary raw materials.
12. PROMOTING AFFORESTATION:
• Throws more light on promotional creative efforts which helps in
inculcating mass awareness.
• Using Sophisticated media and highly professional advertisement
agencies.
• Emphasis on Rural Segment by using Songs and Drama Division of
Govt of India. Folks songs and dramas based on Afforestation would
be helpful in motivating the rural prospects.
13. PRICING AND DISTRIBUTIONS
PRICING:
• Good Support from different global organizations, however there are
cases of financial insolvency.
• The financial constraint in affecting proper maintenance and
protection of plants.
• State Forest Department should assign due weightage to those plants
which are more productive or have commercial value.
• Implementing innovative strategy for identifying the leakage.
DISTRIBUTION:
• Need of Innovation strategy in the distribution system which
contracts the gap and makes the distribution process smooth and fast.
• Involvement of voluntary social organizations for distribution.
• Minimizing the no of channel for distribution and activating the
lower level personnel by offering them incentives.
22. NATIONAL AFFORESTATION
PROGRAMME
The overall objective of the National Afforestation Programme
(NAP) scheme is ecological restoration of degraded forests and to
develop the forest resources with peoples’ participation.
The scheme is implemented by three tier institutional setup through
the State Forest Development Agency (SFDA) at the state level,
Forest Development Agency (FDA) at the forest division level and
Joint Forest Management Committee (JFMCs) at village level.
The major components of the scheme includes afforestation under
Seven plantation models, maintenance of previous years plantations
and Ancillary Activities like soil and moisture conservation activities
(SMC), fencing, overheads, micro-planning, awareness raising, Entry
Point Activities (EPA) etc.
NAP is a centrally sponsored scheme which is implemented with the
fund sharing pattern of 60: 40 percent between Centre and States
wherein the sharing pattern for Northeastern and hilly States is 90:10.
23. MORE ABOUT
The conservation and development of forest primarily involves three
strategies – afforestation through natural/artificial regeneration,
protection and management.
The ministry is implementing three major schemes for development
of forest areas i.e. National Afforestation Programme (NAP) scheme,
National Mission for a Green India (GIM) and Forest Fire Prevention
& Management Scheme (FFPM).
NAP is being implemented for afforestation of degraded forest lands.
GIM aims at improving the quality of forest and increase in forest
cover besides cross sectoral activities on landscape basis.
The FFPM takes care of forest fire prevention and management
measures.
24. CAMPA Act or Compensatory
Afforestation Fund Act
32. COMPENSATORY AFFORESTATION:
COMPENSATORY AFFORESTATION:
• Compensatory afforestation means afforestation done as a
replacement for the diversion of forest land for non-forest use in
some other area.
CAMPA Act 2016:
• For the effective management of compensatory afforestation
activities, the parliament enacted the The Compensatory Afforestation
Fund Act, 2016.
• It provides for the establishment of Compensatory Afforestation
funds under National and state level.
• Major part of the these funds shall be used to restock and improve
quality of degraded forests, which constitutes more than 40 % of
the total forest cover of the country
33. CAMPA FUNDS ARE USED FOR:
• Artificial regeneration (plantations)
• Natural regeneration
• Catchment Area Treatment
• Soil and Moisture Conservation Works
• Protection of forests
• Forest related infrastructure development
• Wildlife protection
It also provided for a constitution of an authority at national level and
at each of the State level (state CAMPAs) for administration of the
funds.
34. BACKGROUND OF CAMPA:
• In the recent draft National Forest Policy 2018, the government aims
to bring 33% of the total geographical area under forest or tree
cover.
• A company diverting forest land must provide alternative land for
taking up compensatory afforestation.
• For the afforestation purpose, the company should pay for planting
new trees in the alternative land provided to the state.
• In 2001, the Supreme Court of India observed that collected funds
for afforestation were underutilised by the states and it ordered for
centrally pooling of funds under ad hoc Compensatory Afforestation
Fund.
• In 2009, states also had set up State CAMPAs that receive 10% of
funds from National CAMPA to use for afforestation and forest
conservation.
• However, in 2013, a CAG report identified that the funds continued
to be under utilised.
• Then the parliament enacted the the Compensatory Afforestation
Fund Act, 2016.