The document discusses the anatomy and structures of bacteria. It covers the different shapes bacteria can take including coccus, bacillus, spirillum, and spirochete. It also describes bacterial cell envelopes for gram positive and gram negative bacteria. Key structures are discussed like flagella, pili, and the glycocalyx outer layer. The roles of important bacterial organelles are summarized like the nucleoid, cell wall, plasma membrane and endospores.

1. Bacteria vs. Eucaryotes www.freelivedoctor.com

2. Three Cellular Domains www.freelivedoctor.com

3. www.freelivedoctor.com

4. Diversity of Bacterial Shapes www.freelivedoctor.com

5. Coccus (pl. Cocci) www.freelivedoctor.com

6. Diversity of Bacterial Shapes www.freelivedoctor.com

7. Coccobacillus www.freelivedoctor.com

8. Diversity of Bacterial Shapes www.freelivedoctor.com

9. Vibrio www.freelivedoctor.com

10. Diversity of Bacterial Shapes www.freelivedoctor.com

11. Bacillus (pl. Bacilli) www.freelivedoctor.com

12. Escherichia coli www.freelivedoctor.com

13. Diversity of Bacterial Shapes www.freelivedoctor.com

14. Spirillum www.freelivedoctor.com

15. Diversity of Bacterial Shapes www.freelivedoctor.com

16. Spirochete www.freelivedoctor.com

17. Bacterial Cellular Arrangements www.freelivedoctor.com

18. Filamentous Bacteria www.freelivedoctor.com

19. Bacterial Anatomy (Overview) www.freelivedoctor.com

20. Nucleoid www.freelivedoctor.com

21. Endospores www.freelivedoctor.com

22. Bacterial Anatomy (Cell Envelopes) www.freelivedoctor.com

23. Gram Positive Cell Envelope www.freelivedoctor.com

24. Gram Negative Cell Envelope www.freelivedoctor.com

25. Lipopolysaccharide www.freelivedoctor.com

26. Endosymbiosis www.freelivedoctor.com

27. Mitochondrian www.freelivedoctor.com

28. Chloroplast www.freelivedoctor.com

29. Bacterial Anatomy (Plasma Membrane) www.freelivedoctor.com

30. Plasma Membrane www.freelivedoctor.com

31. Movement Across Membranes water www.freelivedoctor.com

32. Osmosis & Tonicity Cell Walls Plasmolysis www.freelivedoctor.com

33. Protoplast & Spheroplast A P rotoplast is a Gram- P ositive bacterium without its cell wall A Spheroplast is a Gram-Negative bacterium lacking most of its cell wall www.freelivedoctor.com Hypotonic medium Isotonic or Hypertonic medium

34. Bacterial Anatomy (Flagella) www.freelivedoctor.com

35. Flagellum (p. Flagella) ) www.freelivedoctor.com

36. Flagellum (p. Flagella) www.freelivedoctor.com

37. Taxis Negative Chemotaxis is away from specific substances Positive Chemotaxis is towards specific substances Negative Phototaxis is away from light Positive Phototaxis is towards light www.freelivedoctor.com

38. Axial Filament (EndoFlagella) www.freelivedoctor.com

39. Bacterial Anatomy (Pili) www.freelivedoctor.com

40. Pilus (pl. pili) -- Fimbria www.freelivedoctor.com

41. Sex Pili www.freelivedoctor.com

42. Cell-Surface Fibrils Electron micrograph of an ultra-thin section of a chain of group A streptococci. The cell surface fibrils, consisting primarily of M protein, are clearly evident. The bacterial cell wall, to which the fibrils are attached, is also clearly seen as the light staining region between the fibrils and the dark staining cell interior. Incipient cell division is also indicated by the nascent septum formation (seen as an indentation of the cell wall) near the cell equator. The streptococcal cell diameter is equal to approximately one micron. www.freelivedoctor.com

43. Bacterial Anatomy (Glycocalyx) www.freelivedoctor.com

44. Glycocalyx www.freelivedoctor.com

45. Bacterial Anatomy (Overview) www.freelivedoctor.com