Stacey Odell has over 13 years of experience as a Customer Liaison Representative for Schweppes Australia/Asahi, where she handled inbound customer service, special event orders, and key account management. She is highly skilled in SAP, Microsoft Office, and CISCO phone systems. Prior to that, she worked in logistics and trade sorting for 5 years at BBC Hardware House. Stacey has excellent communication, organization, and problem-solving skills. She provides superior customer service and has a track record of training new employees.
The document discusses the anatomy and structures of bacteria. It covers the different shapes bacteria can take including coccus, bacillus, spirillum, and spirochete. It also describes bacterial cell envelopes for gram positive and gram negative bacteria. Key structures are discussed like flagella, pili, and the glycocalyx outer layer. The roles of important bacterial organelles are summarized like the nucleoid, cell wall, plasma membrane and endospores.
Viruses are small obligate intracellular parasites that contain either RNA or DNA surrounded by a protective protein coat. They depend on host cells to replicate and cannot generate their own energy. Viruses deliver their genome into host cells to be expressed. They are classified based on attributes like nucleic acid type, size/morphology, enzymes, and transmission methods. Virus replication involves the virus injecting its genome into the host cell and hijacking the cell's machinery to produce new virus particles, which then exit and infect new host cells.
The document describes various aspects of bacterial growth in batch culture. It discusses the different types of cell division used by bacteria, including binary fission, budding, and filamentous growth. It then focuses specifically on binary fission and describes the typical growth phases seen in a bacterial growth curve: lag phase, exponential growth phase, stationary phase, and death phase. It also discusses various methods for measuring and quantifying bacterial growth, including direct counts, viable counts, turbidity measurements, and generating a growth curve by plotting measurements over time. Finally, it covers several environmental factors that can influence bacterial growth rates, such as temperature, pH, water availability, and oxygen levels.
Microbial taxonomy and classification systemSakshi Saxena
- Taxonomy is the science of describing, naming, and classifying organisms. It provides understanding of biodiversity which is important for conservation and sustainability.
- Aristotle was the first to attempt classifying organisms by type and introduce binomial nomenclature. Later systems were proposed by Linnaeus, Whittaker, and Woese based on new understandings of cell structure, genetics, and evolution.
- Different classification systems include artificial, natural, phylogenetic, polyphasic, and numerical taxonomy which use varying characteristics and methodologies.
This document outlines various ways that bacteria can be classified, including by shape, staining properties, temperature and oxygen requirements, pH tolerance, osmotic pressure tolerance, and cellular structure. Some of the key classification groups mentioned are cocci, bacilli, gram positive and gram negative bacteria, psychrophiles and thermophiles based on temperature, and obligate aerobes versus anaerobes based on oxygen needs. The document provides examples of bacteria that fall into each of the different classification groups.
This document defines viruses and summarizes their key characteristics and classification. It describes how viruses were first discovered through experiments filtering bacteria and plant extracts. Viruses are non-cellular particles that contain genetic material and invade living cells. They are smaller than bacteria, contain either DNA or RNA, and lack organelles. Viruses replicate only inside host cells and do not undergo binary fission. They have various structures depending on their nucleic acid arrangement and symmetry. Viruses are classified into groups based on their nucleic acids and ability to produce mRNA.
This document discusses various ways that bacteria can be classified, including phenotypic and genotypic classification. Phenotypically, bacteria are classified based on their morphology, anatomy, staining characteristics, culture growth, nutritional requirements, and environmental tolerances. Morphologically, bacteria are classified as cocci, bacilli, actinomycetes, spirochetes, mycoplasmas, or rickettsiae/chlamydiae depending on their shape and arrangement. Anatomical features used in classification include whether they have capsules, flagella, spores, and their gram stain reaction.
Bergey’s Manual is a key reference work for classifying and identifying prokaryotes. It consists of two parts: Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, which provides identification schemes based on morphology and biochemical tests; and Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, which provides phylogenetic classification based on rRNA sequencing. The first edition in 1923 established bacterial classification for identification. Current editions are based on phylogenetic studies and distribute pathogenic bacteria throughout volumes organized by phylogenetic relationships rather than clinical importance.
The document discusses various methods for classifying and identifying bacteria, including:
1. Gram staining to differentiate bacteria based on cell wall structure.
2. Colony morphology, growth characteristics, and specialized tests to further classify bacteria.
3. Molecular diagnosis techniques like PCR, DNA hybridization, and microarrays that can identify bacteria faster and more definitively than conventional culture-based methods.
Prezentarea portofoliului osteologia şi sindesmologiaEugen Tabac
The document contains several word problems and their solutions related to mathematics. The first problem describes bags of flour, cats, and kittens in each corner of a room and asks the reader to calculate the total number of paws. The second problem involves two fathers, two sons, and three rabbits and asks how each person could receive one rabbit. The third problem describes seven sisters in a house without electricity performing different activities and asks what the seventh sister is doing. The document provides the solutions to each problem and also contains additional text about ensuring quality in educational approaches through implementing portfolios for fundamental disciplines.
1. Studiu independent nr. 2
Tema: RĂSPÂNDIREA MICROORGANISMELOR ÎN NATURĂ. BACTERII NE
PATOGENE, CONDIȚIONAT PATOGENE. BIOCENOZA MACROORGANISMULUI.
Conținut:
Microorganismele şi mediul extern.
Flora microbiană a solului, apei, aerului, produselor alimentare.
Rolul microorganismelor, în circulația substanțelor în natură.
Microflora organismului uman. Bacterii ne patogene, condiționat patogene. Importanța
fiziologică.
Noțiune de dis microbism. Factorii ce contribuie la dezvoltarea lui.
Microbii reprezintă forma de viață care domină Terra. Organismele bacteriene care trăiesc pe planeta
noastră le depășesc numeric pe toate celelalte la un loc. Microbii nu domină doar planeta, ci și pe noi, oamenii.
În corpul fiecăruia dintre noi există de 10 ori mai multe celule microbiene decât celule care compun organismul
uman. Specialiștii estimează că miile de miliarde de microbi ce trăiesc în corpul nostru cântăresc în total aproape
2 kilograme. În mod evident relația dintre oameni și microorganisme este complexă și nu putem decât să
beneficiem de cunoștințele cât mai aprofundate asupra ei.
1. Precizați tangența dintre microorganismele mediului înconjurător și particularitățile medicinei:
2. Determinați rolul florii microbiene a solului și circulația substanțelor în natură:
3. Determinați rolul florii microbiene a apei și aerului:
Este o realitate faptul că ne spălăm îmbrăcămintea cu detergenți care conțin enzime produse de microorganisme,
mâncăm alimente a căror aromă derivă din acțiunea microorganismelor li în multe cazuri mâncăm chiar
microorganisme.
4. Ce produse alimentare cunoști, care sunt fabricate prin intermediul microorganismelor?
Microflora normală a omului s-a stabilit în urma interacțiunii micro- şi macroorganismelor în procesul evoluției.
Termenul de „microbiom” a fost elaborat de Joshua Lederberg, unul din titanii biologiei moleculare, pentru a
desemna totalitatea microbilor, a elementelor lor genetice și a interacțiunilor acestora într-un mediu.
Microflora obligatorie (Eubioza) din biocenoza organismului uman este o condiție necesară în activitatea vitală,
prin activitatea lor de antagoniști, inhibă multiplicarea agenților patogeni, fiind componentă a sistemului imun.
Microflora facultativă (potențial-patogenă), în condiții obișnuite este inofensivă, fiind în echilibru cu alți
reprezentanți ai microflorei normale, dar care la dereglarea acestui echilibru au devenit rezistente față
2. de antibiotice, agresive, cu proprietăți de virulență, provocând procese inflamatorii locale sau generale.
Produsele metabolice ale acestor microbi pot cauza intoxicație şi alergie.
5. Identificați importanța microflorei în fiziologia organismului uman, în formarea anumitor micro
biocenoze cum ar fi:
a. microflora pielii și conjunctivei ochiului
b. biofilmul cavității bucale
c. rolul microflorei tubului digestiv
e. rolul microflorei căilor respiratorii
f. rolul Lacto bacililor în microflora vaginală
g. perioada de instalare a microflorei nou născutului și rolul acestea în formarea imunității
6. Enumerați factorii ce contribuie la dezvoltarea dismicrobismului
7. Comentează maxima:
Trăim într-o lumea a microorganismelor de la naștere până la moarte
8. Enumeră”momentele forte „ din tema analizată (informație frapantă)
