There are two kingdoms of bacteria - Eubacteria, which are considered "true" bacteria, and Archaebacteria, which are the oldest organisms on Earth and live in extreme conditions. Bacteria are unicellular and prokaryotic, and come in three shapes - rod, sphere, and spiral. They can reproduce asexually through binary fission and sexually through conjugation. Bacteria play important roles in decomposition, nitrogen fixation, photosynthesis, and causing both helpful and harmful effects.
ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF BACTERIA,BENIFICIAL & HARMFUL USE OF BACTERIA, BACTERIA ARE USEFUL IN THE PRODUCTION OF ORGANIC ACIDS, DEAD & DECAYING,INCREASE SOIL FERTILITY,
Microbiology essentially began with the development of the microscope. Although others may have seen microbes before him, it was Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, a Dutch draper whose hobby was lens grinding and making microscopes, who was the first to provide proper documentation of his observations.
Bacteria are microscopic, single-celled organisms that thrive in diverse environments. These organisms can live in soil, the ocean and inside the human gut. Humans' relationship with bacteria is complex. Sometimes bacteria lend us a helping hand, such as by curdling milk into yogurt or helping with our digestion
ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF BACTERIA,BENIFICIAL & HARMFUL USE OF BACTERIA, BACTERIA ARE USEFUL IN THE PRODUCTION OF ORGANIC ACIDS, DEAD & DECAYING,INCREASE SOIL FERTILITY,
Microbiology essentially began with the development of the microscope. Although others may have seen microbes before him, it was Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, a Dutch draper whose hobby was lens grinding and making microscopes, who was the first to provide proper documentation of his observations.
Bacteria are microscopic, single-celled organisms that thrive in diverse environments. These organisms can live in soil, the ocean and inside the human gut. Humans' relationship with bacteria is complex. Sometimes bacteria lend us a helping hand, such as by curdling milk into yogurt or helping with our digestion
prof . dr. ihsan edan alsaimary
department of microbiology - college of medicine - university of basrah - basrah -IRAQ
ihsanalsaimary@gmail.com
00964 7801410838
Classification of Bacteria- Alka Kumari, Assistant Professoralka1909
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Cultural and Physiological characteristics important in Food
Bacteriology
Genera of bacteria important in Food Bacteriology groups
Ultrastructure and characterstic features of bacteria.Archana Shaw
Ultrastructure and characterstic features of bacteria: BACTERIA AS A MODEL ORGANISM
THIS WAS MY PRESENTATION TOPIC IN CLASS. THOUGHT OF SHARING IT AND HOPE IT HELPS.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
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Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
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Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
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This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
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A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
4. Bacteria Characteristics
• Some bacteria are aerobic, meaning
that they require oxygen in order to
survive. Other bacteria are anaerobes,
meaning that they do not require
oxygen to survive.
• Most bacteria are harmless and offer
beneficial functions to living things and
humanity.
8. Bacteria have cell walls made of:
•peptidoglycan (polysaccharide linked
with chains of amino acids).
•this may be covered with an outer
membrane of lipopolysaccharide
(chain of sugar with a lipid
attached).
9. Some bacteria:
• have a gelatinous layer called a
capsule surrounding the cell wall.
• form thick-walled endospores around
chromosomes when they are
exposed to harsh conditions
(drought, high temperatures) -
these types cause botulism
10. Some bacteria have:
• flagella for
locomotion.
• pili (short, thicker
outgrowths that
help cell to
attach to
surfaces)
11. • Bacteria can be moved by air and water
currents, and on any surface such as
clothing, hands, or any object.
12. ¨Three bacterial shapes:
1.Rod shaped are called bacillus(i)
2.Sphere shaped are called coccus(i)
3.Spiral shaped are called
spirillum(I)
13. Gram stains:
• Important in medicine because provides
information for treatment of bacterial
disease.
•Bacteria stain either gram positive
(purple) or gram negative (pink).
•Gram positive tend to respond to
penicillin and like antibiotics.
•Gram negative respond to types of
antibiotics unrelated to penicillin.
15. A Gram Stain is
usually performed
on a smear
preparation that
has been heat
fixed. One
function of
fixation is to
secure (fix) the
cells to the slide.
16. Gram positive = purple because of large
amount of peptidoglycan in cell wall.
Polymer consisting of sugars and amino acids that forms a mesh-
like layer outside the plasma membrane of eubacteria.
17. Gram negative = pink because¨ lipopolysaccharide
membrane is removed by alcohol and thin
peptidoglycan layer allows dye to escape.
(LPS) is a large molecule consisting of a lipid and a
polysaccharide (carbohydrate) joined by a covalent
bond.
18. • work by preventing cell wall
formation, breaking up cell
membranes, or disrupting
chemical processes.
•Antibiotics cannot treat viral
infections.
19. There are three types of
bacteria based on how they
obtain energy: heterotrophs,
photosynthetic, and
chemoautotrophs.
This is the
anthrax
bacterium.
20. 1.Most are heterotrophs:
a. Decomposers – feed on and recycle organic
material
b. Pathogens – parasitic, disease-causing
bacteria
• Either attack cells or secrete toxins
c. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria (Rhizobium)
• Found in nodules of soybeans, peanuts,
alfalfa, and clover
• Convert atmospheric nitrogen (N2) into
ammonia, called nitrogen fixation.
• Used in crop rotation
21. Decomposers
• Bacteria are decomposers, they break
down the chemical elements inside
other living or dead organisms. Some
bacteria live in the intestines of humans
and animals
Rhizobia bacteria convert
nitrogen gas into other
substances that help plants grow.
24. 2. Some, like Cyanobacteria, are
photosynthetic.
•These are autotrophs that use the
sun’s energy to make food.
This bacteria has
chlorophyll and uses the
process of photosynthesis
to produce food very much
like a plant.
25. 3. Chemoautotrophs
•Obtain energy by removing electrons from
inorganic molecules such as ammonia
and methane to make food.
•Examples: Nitrobacter and Nitrosomonas
- live in soil
- have a crucial role in nitrification (turn
ammonia into nitrates, the
form of nitrogen commonly
used by plants).
26. Some Good Bacteria
• Lactic acid bacteria have been used to ferment or
culture foods for at least 4000 years.
• Examples: products like yogurt and cheese
• Wastewater bacteria feed on everything from
solid human waste matter to last night's leftovers.
As the bacteria eat, they convert organic matter to
carbon dioxide, releasing electrons, the basic
element of electrical current.