This lecture discusses personal and environmental hygiene. The student will learn about hygiene measures, common hygiene practices, and factors influencing hygiene like social, cultural, economic, and psychological factors. The nurse's role is to provide hygiene care and educate patients, considering their unique hygiene needs and preferences which may vary due to their condition, beliefs, and background. Maintaining proper hygiene is important for preventing infections and promoting well-being.

1. Mrs. BaBitha K Devu
asstt. Professor
sMvDCoN

2. At the end of this lecture the student will able to:At the end of this lecture the student will able to:
1. Know about hygiene, hygiene measure.
2. Factors influencing hygiene.
3. Describe common kind of hygiene.
4. Ability to identify patients with self care deficit
related hygiene.
5. Ability to communicate and interact effectively with
patients
6. Commitment to safety and quality

3. From the Greek word “hygies”
(Hygiea- Goddess of Health)
Meaning:- “healthy, sound”

4.  Personal hygiene
 Environmental hygiene
Personal
hygiene
Environmental
hygiene
Environmental
hygiene

5.  Personal hygiene practices well vary
widely among persons.
 Well people are ordinarily responsible for
their own hygiene.
 In some cases the nurse assist well
person through teaching to develop
personal habits the person may lack.
 Good hygiene, or personal cleanliness, not
only helps maintain a healthy self-image,
but is important in preventing the spread
of infections and disease.

6.  It is the nurses responsibility to provide
the opportunity for hygiene
 The skill may be delegated but not
always, depends on facility policy
 Cleansing by nurse is part of historical
giving of care
 The more ill patient, the more skill
needed in providing the hygiene care.
 Cleansing skin is first line of defense
against organisms

7. Personal hygiene may be described as
the principle of maintaining cleanliness
and grooming of the external body.
It includes cleansing and grooming
activities that maintain personal body
cleanliness and appearance.

8. It is self care by which people attended to such
function as bathing, oral care, grooming hair,
cleaning fingernails, genital area, ear and eye
care.
Failure to keep up a standard of hygiene can
have many implications. Not only is there an
increased risk of getting an infection or illness,
but there are many social and psychological
aspects that can be affected.

9. Regular Routine of Personal Care
Washing and Grooming of
 Hair
 Face and Skin
 Teeth
 Ears
 Hands
 Perineal Area
 Nails
 Feet

10.  Provides opportunity to develop a
meaningful nurse-patient relationship
 Provides opportunity for assessment of
the patient including condition of
patient, psychosocial and learning
needs

12. Social Practices
Ethnic, social, and family
influences on hygiene
patterns
Personal Preferences
Dictate hygiene practices
Body Image
A person’s subjective
concept of his or her body
appearance
Socioeconomic Status
Influences the type and
extent of hygiene practices
used
Knowledge Base &
Environment
The person’s level of
knowledge and climatic
conditions
Psychological Factors
Mental and psychological
issues

13. Health beliefs and
motivation
Motivation is the key
factor in hygiene.
Cultural Variables
People from diverse
cultures practice different
hygiene rituals.
Developmental Stage
Affects the patient’s
ability to perform
hygiene care
Physical Condition
May lack physical energy
and dexterity to perform
self-care

14. A number of factors influence personal
preferences for hygiene. No two individuals
perform hygiene in the same way. You will
provide individualized care only after learning
about patient’s unique hygiene practices and
preferences.
 Social Practices: Social groups influence
hygiene preferences and practices, including
the types of hygiene products used and the
nature and frequency of personal care
practices.

15.  Body Image: Surgery, illness, or a change in
emotional or functional status often affects a
patient’s body image. Discomfort and pain,
emotional stress, and fatigue diminish the ability or
desire to perform hygiene self-care and require
extra effort to promote hygiene and grooming.
 Knowledge Base & Environment: Knowledge about
the importance of hygiene and its implications for a
person’s well-being influences hygiene practices.
Environmental conditions also is a factor which
influence the hygienic practices of the people.

16.  Personal Preferences: Knowing patients’ personal
preferences promotes individualized care. Safe,
effective nursing care respects individual
preferences, allows patient’s to make personal
choices and promote patient involvement and
independence.
 Socioeconomic Status: When a patient lacks
socioeconomic resources, it becomes difficult to
participate and take a responsible role in health
promotion activities such as basic hygiene.

17.  Psychological Factors: Person who is not mentally
stable is not able keep proper hygiene.
 Health beliefs and motivation: Patients’ health
beliefs predict the likelihood of assuming health
promotion behavior such as maintaining good
hygiene. Knowledge about the importance of
hygiene and its implications for well-being
influences hygiene practices, but motivation is
key.
• Cultural Variables: People from diverse cultures
practice different hygiene rituals.

18.  Developmental Stage: A patient’s developmental
stage affects the ability of the patient to perform
hygiene care and the type of care needed.
 Physical Condition: Patients with certain types of
physical limitations or disabilities associated with
disease and injury lack the physical energy and
dexterity to perform hygiene self-care safely. Acute
and chronic cognitive impairments such as stroke,
psychoses, and dementia often result in the inability
to perform self-care independently. Sensory deficits
not only alter a patient’s ability to perform care, they
also place the patient at risk for injury.