Introduction to Computer and its Uses. this also explains about the DOS and Windows. This is the part - 01 of this unit.

1. Nursing Informatics
&
Technology
Babitha K Devu, RN, RM, M.Sc (N), MBA
Assistant Professor, SMVD College of Nursing, J & K
Research Scholar, Ph.D (N), Amity University, Gurugram

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INTRODUCTION
 In this 21st century, the term “technology” is an important issue in many fields
including education.
 This is because technology has become the knowledge transfer highway in most
countries.
 Technology integration nowadays has gone through innovations and transformed
our societies that has totally changed the way people think, work and live
(Grabe, 2007).
 The past two decades have witnessed a dynamic shift in the way the computers
have been used as a tool in the teaching-learning process.
 Today, the trend appears to be towards the creation of courses specifically aimed
at computer literacy, as well as towards integrating computer technology in other
content areas across the curriculum.
 Further, computer technology has increasingly been applied towards non-
instructional (record keeping, grade averaging, communication, etc.) and pre-
instructional (developing materials, researching instructional content, etc.) uses.

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TERMINOLOGIES
1. CPU: CPU means ‘Central Processing Unit’. This is the place of computer data
handling. Moreover, it does all the data manipulation, calculations and
formatting data for output.
2. RAM: Specifically, RAM stands for “Random Access Memory” or “Ready Access
Memory”. It is a temporary notepad where your computer sends information to
disk, or to the storage place of instructions from other input devices. The term
“random access” indicates that memory locations in RAM are accessible in any
order unlike sequential access of a data cassette tape.
3. Hard-disk Drive: Your computers hard disk drive is like an audio CD that you
possess at home – except your computer can read and write to it. In other
words, your computer can take data from your hard drive (to process it in the
CPU or place it in RAM to work with).
4. Hardware: Hardware is the term referring to all the physical parts in a computer
system. It includes the monitor, the keyboard, the mouse, the main case which
stores the RAM, CPU and the motherboard.

4. 4
TERMINOLOGIES
5. Software: ‘Software’ is the term which refers to the instructions needed to make
a computer work. It is intangible/abstract in nature. The software is also known
as a “program”. Also, it is a set of computer files which are used to perform
various actions on the computer. You can have a program for ‘word processing’.
The software can be transferred to a compact disk and floppy disks, but usually,
sit on the computers hard drive waiting to be “run”.
6. Data: It is a collection of numbers, alphabets or facts of any type.
7. Program: A Program is a task given to the computer
8. Process: The computer breaks down each task into smaller task and this action
is referred as process.

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NURSING INFORMATICS
 Nursing informatics: refers to the practice and science of integrating
nursing information and knowledge with technology to manage and
integrate health information. The goal of nursing informatics is to
improve the health of people and communities while reducing costs.
 According to ANA “Nursing informatics "is the specialty that integrates
nursing science with multiple information and analytical sciences to
identify, define, manage and communicate data, information, knowledge
and wisdom in nursing practice.”

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HEALTH INFORMATICS
 Health informatics: is the field of science and engineering that aims at
developing methods and technologies for the acquisition, processing,
and study of patient data, which can come from different sources and
modalities, such as electronic health records, diagnostic test results,
medical scans.
 The health domain provides an extremely wide variety of problems that
can be tackled using computational techniques.
 Health informatics is a spectrum of multidisciplinary fields that includes
study of the design, development and application of computational
innovations to improve health care.

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USE OF COMPUTER IN TEACHING AND LEARNING
 Teaching Process: Making lesson plan, class room teaching,
presentations, for improved teaching. Effective convey of information.
 Learning Process: Stimulating all senses, learning new things, quality of
learning. Preparation of notes, assignments and other requirements.
 Simulation: Simulation of procedures or hospital setting to understand
the concept better. Practicing and improving the skills.
 Communication: student-teacher interaction. Online classes, webinars,
e-conferences. Faster spreading of knowledge and information.
 Up-to-date information: EBP knowledge available from researches and
journals. New practices and concepts.
 Maintenance of Records: safe, accurate, accessible and reliable storage
of information regarding students and faculty which is long term
applicable.
 Evaluation: CBT, other online examinations and evaluations.

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USE OF COMPUTER IN NURSING RESEARCH
 Nursing research involves a wide range of tools and resources that researchers
employ throughout the research process.
 From the individual or collaborative project initiation, through refinement of the
idea, proposal development, selection of approaches, development of methods,
capturing the data, data coding, analyzing the results, and disseminating the
findings, computer applications are an indispensable resource for the
researcher.
 The investigators must be well prepared in a variety of computerized techniques
for research activities as they are employed in the domain of knowledge that will
be investigated.
 Review of Literature has been made much easier with computers. The data
bases such as MEDLINE, PubMed, Cochrane, CINHAL (Cumulative Index to
Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL)) etc can accessed for wider
availability of RoL. With emerging technologies and applications, researchers
will continue to find efficiencies and innovation in conducting research.

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USE OF COMPUTER IN NURSING PRACTICE
• Hospital & Patient information/Management system: Medical & Nursing
informatics is a rapidly growing discipline. It seeks to organize and
manage information in support of patient care, biomedical research and
education through the aid of computer and information networks.
• A patient management system helps streamline every element of a
medical office including recordkeeping, charting, patient scheduling,
claims processing and billing functions.
• The physicians, nurses and other healthcare staff can have direct access
to all the information of his/her patient through the use of computer.
• A hospital information system generally covers areas like registration,
admission/transfer/discharge, billing, medical record, index, wards,
operation theater scheduling, stores/inventory, pharmacy, diet, CSSD,
bio-medical maintenance, payroll, accounts, etc.

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USE OF COMPUTER IN NURSING PRACTICE
• Care of critically ill patients: Critically ill patients require large number of
therapeutic interventions to optimize their chances of survival.
• In the intensive care unit it is now possible to computerize the total
management of data recorded on the patients.
• Data management includes the entry, integration and reporting of all vital
signs, medications, intake and output volumes and laboratory values.
• Computer assisted therapy: Methods for planning, monitoring and
adjusting dosages regimens of powerful and potentially toxic drugs, e.g.
digitalis and antibiotics like gentamicin have been developed.
• The physician can plan dosage regimens by selecting a target peak total
body concentration of a drug.

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USE OF COMPUTER IN NURSING PRACTICE
• Telemedicine: Telehealth is the distribution of health-related services and
information via electronic information and telecommunication
technologies. It allows long-distance patient and clinician contact, care,
advice, reminders, education, intervention, monitoring, and remote
admissions.
• Telenursing: Telenursing refers to the use of information technology in the
provision of nursing services whenever physical distance exists between
patient and nurse, or between any number of nurses

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USE OF COMPUTER IN NURSING ADMINISTRATION
• Computer in Human Resource Management and Personnel
Management: The main roles of computer in human resource management are
decreasing time complexity, flexibility, record keeping problem etc. HRM system
process lots of data everyday with the help of computer. This data processed
easily without any fear of data loss so computer a vital role in human resource
management system. The usage of computer in human resource management
can be usually referred to as management information system. It can also be
called as human resource information system.
• Patient Information and Intra-departmental Coordination. Use of
electronic health records across the departments in an organization.
• Quality assurance: Computer-aided Quality Assurance (CAQ ) comprises
computer-aided measures for the planning and implementation of quality
assurance. CAQ is mainly used in the industrial sector. The method
includes the analysis, documentation, and archiving of quality-relevant
data in manufacturing processes.

13. DOS
& WINDOWS
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DOS (DISK OPERATING SYSTEM)
• Operating system acts as a liaison between the computer and the humans.
• It interprets to the computer what must be done.
• It converts the data entered by the user into computer’s language and re-
translates it in the user's language whenever required.
• In early 1980s DOS was mostly used in personal computers.
• It was developed by Microsoft. Hence it was known as MS-DOS.
• It was character-based operating system. It was also called as “
Command line operating system” as all the operations were based on
commands.
• Booting: The start up process of computer system is termed as “
Booting”.
• In this, the computer system checks whether all the devices are
connected properly or not.
• Once booting is successful the DOS prompt displays on the screen.

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DOS (DISK OPERATING SYSTEM)
• To get MS-DOS prompt: Start - All Programs –
Search - Type - cmd (choose MS- DOS in
older systems)
• Some Common commands: systeminfo,
IPCONFIG, etc
• Directory: Directories are the
virtual box that may contain files,
folders, and other sub directories.
• It is like an index of a book that
further contains units, unit contain
chapters, and chapters contains
information.
• The topmost directory is known as
“root directory” Eg. “C”

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DOS (DISK OPERATING SYSTEM)
• Files: RAM of computer is a
volatile type of memory and it
stores data if the computer is
switched on.
• Therefore, the data must be
stored in storage devices or
disks.
• The store data forms file and
each file have file name.
• The file name comprises of
two parts, ie. Name and
extension.
• Extensions are assigned by
the software used to create
file.
• Path: This is a unique location
of file in the computer.

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Operating Systems: WINDOWS
• An Operating system (OS) is a software which acts as an interface between the
end user and computer hardware.
• Every computer must have at least one OS to run other programs.
• An application like Chrome, MS Word, Games, etc needs some environment in
which it will run and perform its task.
• The OS helps you to communicate with the computer without knowing how to
speak the computer's language. It is not possible for the user to use any
computer or mobile device without having an operating system.
• Majority of home users use a Windows based machine. Most of today’s
applications and games are designed to run solely on Microsoft systems.

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Operating Systems: WINDOWS: Functions
1. Process management:- Process management helps OS to create and delete
processes. It also provides mechanisms for synchronization and communication
among processes.
2. Memory management:- Memory management module performs the task of
allocation and de-allocation of memory space to programs in need of this
resources.
3. File management:- It manages all the file-related activities such as organization
storage, retrieval, naming, sharing, and protection of files.
4. Security:- Security module protects the data and information of a computer system
against malware threat and authorized access.
5. Command interpretation: This module is interpreting commands given by the user
and acting system resources to process that commands.
6. Job accounting: Keeping track of time & resource used by various job and users.
7. Communication management: Coordination and assignment of compilers,
interpreters, and another software resource of the various users of the computer
systems.

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WINDOWS
• DOS operating system was
command based and was a bit
difficult to use, therefore
windows operating system was
introduced by Microsoft
(graphical based) that use both
mouse and keyboard to
operate different functions.
• It is user friendly and easier to
operate.

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WINDOWS
• First windows operating system was windows 1.0. it was followed by windows 2.0, but
both were not much successful. Later in 1990 Microsoft 3.0 was released, which
proved to be the first successful windows operating system. Subsequently following
versions were released. The final version was Windows 11 released in 2021

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WINDOWS
• Desktop: It is the screen displayed. It has small images called as icons. The Major
Icons are “ My Computer/This PC, Recycle Bin, Internet Explorer, Control Panel, User
Files, and many more as per the software installed.
• Task Bar: Horizontal bar, placed at the bottom of the screen (desktop). It contains start
menu, shortcuts to application, library application, power, network, volume control, time
& date and many more.
• Desktop Background: change
• Desktop Icon setting
• Start Menu: uses: documents, pictures, music, games, computer, control panel, device
and printers, default programs, help and support, calculator.
• Command Prompt; DOS
• Connect to a projector: This is enables through VGA or HDMI out using the cable to
the projector. We can choose four options of projection by pressing “ windows + P ”
• Notepad: Using notepad feature, the user can create or edit text file of smaller size
upto 64KB

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WINDOWS
• Paint: Microsoft Paint is a simple raster graphics editor that has been included
with all versions of Microsoft Windows. The program opens and saves files
in Windows bitmap (BMP), JPEG, GIF, PNG, and single-page TIFF formats. For its
simplicity and that it is included with Windows, it rapidly became one of the most
used applications in the early versions of Windows, introducing many to painting
on a computer for the first time. It is still widely used for simple image manipulation
tasks.
• Remote Desktop connection: What is an RDP? Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) is
a secure network communication protocol designed for remote management and
remote access to virtual desktops, applications, and RDP terminal servers.
• One drive: Microsoft One Drive (formerly SkyDrive) is a file hosting
service operated by Microsoft. First launched in August 2007, it enables registered
users to share and synchronize their files. One Drive also works as the
storage backend of the web version of Microsoft Office. One Drive offers 5 GB of
storage space free of charge, with 100 GB, 1 TB, and 6 TB storage options
available either separately or with Office 365 subscriptions.

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WINDOWS
• Windows Update: Windows Update is a Microsoft service for the Windows families
of operating system, which automates downloading and installing Microsoft
Windows software updates over the Internet.
• The service delivers software updates for Windows, as well as the various
Microsoft antivirus products, including Windows Defender and Microsoft Security
Essentials.
• Find windows update on windows…………

24. MICROSOFT
OFFICE
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MS OFFICE; MS WORD
• Microsoft Office is a software which was developed by
Microsoft in 1988. This Office suite comprises various
applications which form the core of computer usage in
today’s world.
• In 1994, Microsoft Office 4.0 was released containing Word
6.0, Excel 5.0, PowerPoint 4.0, Mail, and Access.
• More versions are Microsoft Office 95, Microsoft Office 97,
Microsoft Office 2000, Microsoft Office XP, Microsoft Office
2003, Microsoft Office 2003 and Microsoft Office 2007,
Office 2010, Office 2013, Office 2016, Office 2019 and
Office 365.
• Microsoft OneNote is a note-taking program for free-
form information gathering and multi-user collaboration. It
gathers: users' notes, drawings, screen clippings and audio
commentaries.

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MS OFFICE; MS WORD
• Microsoft Office is a software which was developed by Microsoft in 1988. This
Office suite comprises various applications which form the core of computer usage
in today’s world.
• In 1994, Microsoft Office 4.0 was released containing Word 6.0, Excel 5.0,
PowerPoint 4.0, Mail, and Access.
• More versions are Microsoft Office 95, Microsoft Office 97, Microsoft Office 2000,
Microsoft Office XP, Microsoft Office 2003, Microsoft Office 2003 and Microsoft
Office 2007, Office 2010, Office 2013, Office 2016, Office 2019 and Office 365.
• Microsoft OneNote is a note-taking program for free-form information
gathering and multi-user collaboration. It gathers: users' notes, drawings, screen
clippings and audio commentaries.

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52. Microsoft Excel
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53. Microsoft Power Point
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54. THANK YOU
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