In this project, A novel high step-up converter, which is suitable for renewable energy system, is proposed.Through a voltage multiplier module composed of switched capacitors and coupled inductors, a conventional interleaved boost converter obtains high step-up gain without operating at extreme duty ratio.The configuration of the proposed converter not only reduces the current stress but also constrains the input current ripple, which decreases the conduction losses and lengthens the lifetime of the input source. In addition, due to the lossless passive clamp performance, leakage energy is recycled to the output terminal. Hence, large voltage spikes across the main switches are alleviated, and the efficiency is improved.
Analysis of Fuel Cell Based Multilevel DC-DC Boost Converter for Induction MotorIJMTST Journal
In this paper new topologies and interleaving modulation concepts for multilevel DC-DC boost converter
enabling a significantly less loss and a reduced chip size of the power semiconductors are proposed. The
distributed generation (DG) systems based on the renewable energy sources have rapidly developed in
recent years. These DG systems are powered by micro sources such as fuel cells, photovoltaic (PV) systems,
and batteries. Fuel cells are considered to be one of the most promising sources of distributed energy because
of their high efficiency, low environmental impact and scalability. Non-isolated high step-up DC-DC
converters are required in the industrial applications. Many of these conventional DC–DC converters have the
disadvantages of operating at high duty-cycle, high switch voltage stress and high diode peak current. A
three-level step up converter is implemented to boost the fuel cell stack voltage of 96V to 340V. The proposed
converter consists a system of fuel cell based Multilevel DC-DC converter with PI controller is modeled and
simulated by using Matlab/Simulink.
Basic MOSFET Based vs Couple-Coils Boost Converters for Photovoltaic GeneratorsIJPEDS-IAES
Considering the optimization of a photovoltaic system, several studies show the advantage in the choice of a distributed structure. For such structures small power converters such as the boosts and buck converters appear as most appropriate. We have analysed the efficiency of small power boost- converters especially dedicated for photovoltaic energy conversion systems working in the middle and high voltage ranges. The setup studied is a photovoltaic generator connected to an AC grid working in 230 Volts via an inverter. Moreover, we considered the possibility of multiple electrical energy sources as photovoltaic, wind systems in the same energy production system, which obliged an adaptive converter structure. We evaluated the losses in the various stages of a boost converter and point out the importance of the power MOSFET used as the commutation element. New transistors databases obtained from manufacturers show the nonlinear dependency between the resistance drain-source when passing, Rdson and the maximum rating voltage when the transistor is off, Vdsmax, for all transistor families. Thus nonlinear dependency induces a huge increase of losses with the voltage in the MOSFET, and as a direct consequence in the converter the more as Vdsmax is higher. In order to minimize losses of the converter we have designed and realized a new high efficiency version of a Step-Up structure based on a commutation element integrating a low Vdsmax voltage MOSFET and very low Rdson.
The intention of this paper is to identify a suitable controller for closed loop multi converter system for multiple input sources and to improve time response of high-gain-step up-converter. Closed-loop Multi Converter System (MCS) is utilized to regulate load-voltage. This effort recommends suitable-controller for closed-two loop-controlled-SEPIC-REBOOST Converter fed DC motor. The estimation of the yield in open-two loop and closed- two-loop-circuit has been done using MATLAB or Simulink. Closed-two loop-control of Multi Converter System with Propotional+Integral (PI)- Propotional+Integral (PI) and Proportional+Resonant (PR) - Proportional+Resonant (PR) Controllers are investigated and their responses are evaluated in conditions of rise time, peak time, settling time and steady state error. It is seen that current-mode PR-PR controlled MCS gives better time domain response in terms of motor speed. A Prototype of MCS has been fabricated in the laboratory and the experimental-results are authenticated with the simulation-results.
High Proficiency Grid ConnectedPhotovoltaic Power Generation SystemIJRES Journal
Solar energy hasbecomepopular nowadays and desire for clean energy. Since the solar radiation on no occasion remains constant,it keeps on insecure throughout the day. The need of the hour is to distribute a constant voltage to the grid irrespective of the deviation in temperatures and solar insolation. The inverter is designed from a boost converter along with a line frequency. The voltage from the boost converter is fedto the grid through inverter. In this proposed method high efficiency can be achievedby using only one switch functioning at high frequency at a time. The converter uses IGBT and ultra-fast reverse recovery diode. The simulation and experiment results are verified using MATLAB/Simulink software.
DESIGNING AND IMPLEMENTATION OF BI - DIRECTIONAL ISOLATED FULL BRIDGE CONVERTEREditor IJMTER
In the renewable energy systems, the exchange of power from the source to the load and
vice-versa have conventionally been implemented with two uni-directional converters; each
processing the power in one direction. To improve the energy quality in such systems, bidirectional
DC-DC converters are used to charge/discharge the energy storage systems. This paper proposes the
bidirectional DC-DC converter which employs the two full single phase bridge converter
configuration on the both sides of the isolating transformer. The high side converter is controlled as
step down and the low side converter is controlled as step up. At a given instant of time, only one
converter is controlled and other acts as diode bridge converter. The proposed system is
characterized by good dynamic properties and high efficiency because of low switching losses.
Using the same power components for achieving bidirectional flow of power in the symmetrical
circuit topology provides a simple, efficient and galvanic ally isolated that is especially attractive for
use in battery charging/discharging circuits.High frequency isolation transformer plays an important
role in achieving galvanic isolation and also for reducing the system size, weight and cost. Power
MOSFET switches, provided with snubber circuit and PI filter at the output side are employed to
reduce the ripple and for voltage regulation in this proposed thesis.
This work highlights a modular power conditioning system (PCS) in photovoltaic (PV) applications which consists with a DC-DC converter. The converter is able to regulate and amplify the input DC voltage produced by the PV panal. The implementation of Mosfet as bidirectional switch on the converter yields greater conversion ratio and better voltage regulation than a conventional DC-DC step up converter and PWM resonant converter. It also reduces the switching losses on the output DC voltage of the converter, as the MOSFET switches on primary winding of converter switch on under ZVS conditions. The proposed resonant converter has been designed, with the modification of series resonant converter and PWM boost converter that utilizes the high frequency of AC bidirectional switch to eliminate the weaknesses of used converters. The topology of the proposed converter includes the mode of operations, designing procedure and components selection of the new converter elements. This topology provides a DC output voltage to the inverter at range of about 120Vac-208 Vac.
Contents of this presenation entitled 'Introduction of different Energy storage systems used in Electric & Hybrid vehicles' is useful for beginners and students
Analysis of Fuel Cell Based Multilevel DC-DC Boost Converter for Induction MotorIJMTST Journal
In this paper new topologies and interleaving modulation concepts for multilevel DC-DC boost converter
enabling a significantly less loss and a reduced chip size of the power semiconductors are proposed. The
distributed generation (DG) systems based on the renewable energy sources have rapidly developed in
recent years. These DG systems are powered by micro sources such as fuel cells, photovoltaic (PV) systems,
and batteries. Fuel cells are considered to be one of the most promising sources of distributed energy because
of their high efficiency, low environmental impact and scalability. Non-isolated high step-up DC-DC
converters are required in the industrial applications. Many of these conventional DC–DC converters have the
disadvantages of operating at high duty-cycle, high switch voltage stress and high diode peak current. A
three-level step up converter is implemented to boost the fuel cell stack voltage of 96V to 340V. The proposed
converter consists a system of fuel cell based Multilevel DC-DC converter with PI controller is modeled and
simulated by using Matlab/Simulink.
Basic MOSFET Based vs Couple-Coils Boost Converters for Photovoltaic GeneratorsIJPEDS-IAES
Considering the optimization of a photovoltaic system, several studies show the advantage in the choice of a distributed structure. For such structures small power converters such as the boosts and buck converters appear as most appropriate. We have analysed the efficiency of small power boost- converters especially dedicated for photovoltaic energy conversion systems working in the middle and high voltage ranges. The setup studied is a photovoltaic generator connected to an AC grid working in 230 Volts via an inverter. Moreover, we considered the possibility of multiple electrical energy sources as photovoltaic, wind systems in the same energy production system, which obliged an adaptive converter structure. We evaluated the losses in the various stages of a boost converter and point out the importance of the power MOSFET used as the commutation element. New transistors databases obtained from manufacturers show the nonlinear dependency between the resistance drain-source when passing, Rdson and the maximum rating voltage when the transistor is off, Vdsmax, for all transistor families. Thus nonlinear dependency induces a huge increase of losses with the voltage in the MOSFET, and as a direct consequence in the converter the more as Vdsmax is higher. In order to minimize losses of the converter we have designed and realized a new high efficiency version of a Step-Up structure based on a commutation element integrating a low Vdsmax voltage MOSFET and very low Rdson.
The intention of this paper is to identify a suitable controller for closed loop multi converter system for multiple input sources and to improve time response of high-gain-step up-converter. Closed-loop Multi Converter System (MCS) is utilized to regulate load-voltage. This effort recommends suitable-controller for closed-two loop-controlled-SEPIC-REBOOST Converter fed DC motor. The estimation of the yield in open-two loop and closed- two-loop-circuit has been done using MATLAB or Simulink. Closed-two loop-control of Multi Converter System with Propotional+Integral (PI)- Propotional+Integral (PI) and Proportional+Resonant (PR) - Proportional+Resonant (PR) Controllers are investigated and their responses are evaluated in conditions of rise time, peak time, settling time and steady state error. It is seen that current-mode PR-PR controlled MCS gives better time domain response in terms of motor speed. A Prototype of MCS has been fabricated in the laboratory and the experimental-results are authenticated with the simulation-results.
High Proficiency Grid ConnectedPhotovoltaic Power Generation SystemIJRES Journal
Solar energy hasbecomepopular nowadays and desire for clean energy. Since the solar radiation on no occasion remains constant,it keeps on insecure throughout the day. The need of the hour is to distribute a constant voltage to the grid irrespective of the deviation in temperatures and solar insolation. The inverter is designed from a boost converter along with a line frequency. The voltage from the boost converter is fedto the grid through inverter. In this proposed method high efficiency can be achievedby using only one switch functioning at high frequency at a time. The converter uses IGBT and ultra-fast reverse recovery diode. The simulation and experiment results are verified using MATLAB/Simulink software.
DESIGNING AND IMPLEMENTATION OF BI - DIRECTIONAL ISOLATED FULL BRIDGE CONVERTEREditor IJMTER
In the renewable energy systems, the exchange of power from the source to the load and
vice-versa have conventionally been implemented with two uni-directional converters; each
processing the power in one direction. To improve the energy quality in such systems, bidirectional
DC-DC converters are used to charge/discharge the energy storage systems. This paper proposes the
bidirectional DC-DC converter which employs the two full single phase bridge converter
configuration on the both sides of the isolating transformer. The high side converter is controlled as
step down and the low side converter is controlled as step up. At a given instant of time, only one
converter is controlled and other acts as diode bridge converter. The proposed system is
characterized by good dynamic properties and high efficiency because of low switching losses.
Using the same power components for achieving bidirectional flow of power in the symmetrical
circuit topology provides a simple, efficient and galvanic ally isolated that is especially attractive for
use in battery charging/discharging circuits.High frequency isolation transformer plays an important
role in achieving galvanic isolation and also for reducing the system size, weight and cost. Power
MOSFET switches, provided with snubber circuit and PI filter at the output side are employed to
reduce the ripple and for voltage regulation in this proposed thesis.
This work highlights a modular power conditioning system (PCS) in photovoltaic (PV) applications which consists with a DC-DC converter. The converter is able to regulate and amplify the input DC voltage produced by the PV panal. The implementation of Mosfet as bidirectional switch on the converter yields greater conversion ratio and better voltage regulation than a conventional DC-DC step up converter and PWM resonant converter. It also reduces the switching losses on the output DC voltage of the converter, as the MOSFET switches on primary winding of converter switch on under ZVS conditions. The proposed resonant converter has been designed, with the modification of series resonant converter and PWM boost converter that utilizes the high frequency of AC bidirectional switch to eliminate the weaknesses of used converters. The topology of the proposed converter includes the mode of operations, designing procedure and components selection of the new converter elements. This topology provides a DC output voltage to the inverter at range of about 120Vac-208 Vac.
Contents of this presenation entitled 'Introduction of different Energy storage systems used in Electric & Hybrid vehicles' is useful for beginners and students
Implementation Of A High-Efficiency, High-Lifetime, And Low-Cost Converter Us...irjes
This paper proposes a new converter for photovoltaic water pumping and treatment systems without
the use of storage elements. The converter is designed to drive a three-phase induction motor directly from PV
solar energy. The use of this motor has the objective of presenting a better solution to the standard DC motor
water pumping system. The development is oriented to achieve a commercially viable solution and a market
friendly product. The converter topology is based on a Resonant Two Inductor Boost converter and a Threephase
Voltage Source inverter achieving 90% efficiency at a rated power of 210W.
Universal demand for power increases due to continuous development to fulfil all these demand. Resources
are used with optimization. A high efficiency and high power factor converters are the major parts of energy
transfer system. This paper present a general review on single stage forward and flyback converter topologies to get
better its performance. This is paper presents a kind general idea of increasing efficiency and power factor of single
stage forward and fly back converter.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
An Asymmetrical Dc-Dc Converter with a High Voltage GainIJMER
An asymmetrical full bridge converter is proposed in the paper. The proposed converter
achieves zero voltage switching of all the power switches. Zero current switching of all the output diodes
are also achieved here. This in turn provides a highly efficienct operation. The proposed converter can
provide a high voltage gain and the voltages across the semi- conductor devices are effectively clamped.
The converter can be utilised effectively in high voltage applications as embedded systems, renewable
energy systems, fuel cells, mobility applications and uninterrupted power supply
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Scienceinventy
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed
Optimal Placement of Distributed Generation on Radial Distribution System for...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
The negative impacts or side effects of a damper circuit insertion in an LCL passive filter utilized to filter DC/AC inverters output voltage is presented in this paper. For comparative study, this paper discusses two damping configurations, namely series and parallel damping, as well as the LCL filter without damping element. Four criteria are used to explore the impacts of the damper circuits, i.e. their total harmonic distortions (THDs), the output voltage amplitude, the output power and the power efficiency. Theoretically and emphirically shown by previous studies, the damper can indeed reduce the peak resonance frequency of the filter in its frequency response curve. However, in any circumstance, it can potentially reduce the inverters power and efficiency, voltage output amplitude, and cannot improve its THD reduction. The analysis results have shown that the side effects depends also on the load conditions, which are different for each damping circuit configuration.
Voltage Control of Dual Active Bridge Converter for CO-Amorphous Core Materia...kuldeep12555
Solid-State Transformer (SST) provides versatile power system operation. In the smart world, there are technologies where everything is incorporated that reduce the size and eventually save time in delivering a fast process. It has been seen that solid-state transformer voltage begins to decrease during operation that needs to be regulated through some control strategy. In this paper, a Dual Active Bridge (DAB) converter has been used to control the voltage of SST that employs the Single-Phase Shift (SPS) technique. For further efficiency improvement Co73(Si, B)27 co-amorphous material has been used for the core of SST because co-amorphous alloy has much lower loss compared with Fe-amorphous cores and have limited saturation flux density. Real-time parameters of core have been used in the analysis. It has been evident from the results that DAB dc-dc converter-based SST with SPS control technique is simple and offers better performance compared to stand-alone SST. It improves the overall performance and efficiency of the system. This paper has been accomplished in Matlab® / Simulink environment.
Keywords: Co73 (Si, B)27 Amorphous Core Material; Solid-State transformer (SST); Dual Active Bridge (DAB); High
voltage (HV) Application.
Design of Soft Switching Converter with Digital Signal Processor Based MPPT f...IDES Editor
This paper is based on the design of soft
switching converter (ZVS-ZCS resonant action) with
digital signal processor (DSP) based maximum power
point tracking (MPPT) algorithm for solar hybrid
applications. The converter aims to get the regulated
output voltage from several power sources like wind
turbines, photovoltaic (PV) arrays and energy from these
sources are simultaneously transferred to the load. The
input stage circuits for different energy sources are put in
parallel using a coupled inductor and the converter to
prevent power coupling effect it acts in interleaving
operating mode. As the buck/boost converter input range
is restricted interleaved ZVS-ZCS converter with low
switching loss and conduction loss and efficiency of more
than 92% can be easily achieved. DSP based MPPT
algorithm adjusts solar array voltage (equal to battery
voltage) with a digital compensator technique and
discrete PI control to track the MPP with high tracking
efficiency. Hence the proposed work gives a novel idea in
the modern hybrid energy system.
GET IEEE BIG DATA,JAVA ,DOTNET,ANDROID ,NS2,MATLAB,EMBEDED AT LOW COST WITH BEST QUALITY PLEASE CONTACT BELOW NUMBER
FOR MORE INFORMATION PLEASE FIND THE BELOW DETAILS:
Nexgen Technology
No :66,4th cross,Venkata nagar,
Near SBI ATM,
Puducherry.
Email Id: praveen@nexgenproject.com
Mobile: 9791938249
Telephone: 0413-2211159
www.nexgenproject.com
GET IEEE BIG DATA,JAVA ,DOTNET,ANDROID ,NS2,MATLAB,EMBEDED AT LOW COST WITH BEST QUALITY PLEASE CONTACT BELOW NUMBER
FOR MORE INFORMATION PLEASE FIND THE BELOW DETAILS:
Nexgen Technology
No :66,4th cross,Venkata nagar,
Near SBI ATM,
Puducherry.
Email Id: praveen@nexgenproject.com
Mobile: 9791938249
Telephone: 0413-2211159
www.nexgenproject.com
A REVIEW ON IMPLEMENTATION OF THREE-PHASE TWO-STAGE GRID-CONNECTED MICijiert bestjournal
Module integrated converters (MICs) in single phase have witnessed recent market success due to unique features such as improved energy harvest,improved system efficiency,lower installation costs,plug - and - play operation,and enhanced flexibility and mo dularity. The MIC sector has grown from a niche market to mainstream,especially in the United States. Assuming further expansion of the MIC market,this paper presents the micro inverter concept incorporated in large size photovoltaic (PV) installations such as megawatts (MW) - class solar farms where a three - phase ac connection is employed. A high - efficiency three - phase MIC with two - stage zero voltage switching (ZVS) operation for the grid - tied PV system is proposed which will reduce cost per watt,improve re - liability,and increase scalability of MW - class solar farms through the development of new solar farm system architectures. The first stage consists of a high - efficiency full - bridge LLC resonant dc � dc converter which interfaces to the PV panel and prod uces a dc - link voltage.
A DC-DC Converter with Ripple Current Cancellation Based On Duty Cycle SelectionIJMER
In this paper a boost dc-dc converter is proposed based on the concept of ripple current cancellation. This proposed system has the novel capability of cancelling the input current ripple at an arbitrarily preselected duty cycle. This is accomplished without increasing the count of the number of components in contrast to other solutions available in the conventional system. In addition to this, the converter also features a high voltage gain without utilizing extreme values of duty cycle or boosting transformers. These features make the converter ideal to process electric power coming from low-voltage power-generating sources, such as renewables. This system also provides details on the principle of operation via topological considerations and a mathematical model. The key factor of reactive component sizing is also discussed in detail. The proposed boost dc-dc converter is evaluated by simulating in MATLAB/Simulink software.
An advanced multilevel converter topology with Reduced switching elementsAsoka Technologies
Smart grid applications, renewable energy utilization and electric vehicles (EVs) are attracting researchers due to their importance nowadays as well as in the future. An efficient power electronic converter is a main and common topic for research in this area. In this paper, a prototype of the electrical part of a power-train for EVs using an advanced multilevel converter topology is introduced, discussed and analysed. A comparison between the advanced converter, two-level and conventional multilevel converter topology is discussed as well. A switch function model is derived and discussed for the proposed converter. A mathematical model for the converter supplied by a fuel-cell (FC) and boost-converter (BC) is implemented with Matlab/Simulink. The simulation results are analysed to evaluate the converter. The evaluation is based on the harmonic analysis and power loss calculations. The converters are tested at different switching frequencies to show the effect of this variable on the converter loss. The results indicate that the proposed converter is 1.32% more efficient compared to conventional five-level DCC. Moreover, the lowest harmonic content, for all of the studied converters, is the proposed one
High Step-Up Converter with Voltage Multiplier Module for Renewable Energy Sy...IJRES Journal
In this project, A novel high step-up converter, which is suitable for renewable energy system, is proposed.Through a voltage multiplier module composed of switched capacitors and coupled inductors, a conventional interleaved boost converter obtains high step-up gain without operating at extreme duty ratio.The configuration of the proposed converter not only reduces the current stress but also constrains the input current ripple, which decreases the conduction losses and lengthens the lifetime of the input source. In addition, due to the lossless passive clamp performance, leakage energy is recycled to the output terminal. Hence, large voltage spikes across the main switches are alleviated, and the efficiency is improved.
Implementation Of A High-Efficiency, High-Lifetime, And Low-Cost Converter Us...irjes
This paper proposes a new converter for photovoltaic water pumping and treatment systems without
the use of storage elements. The converter is designed to drive a three-phase induction motor directly from PV
solar energy. The use of this motor has the objective of presenting a better solution to the standard DC motor
water pumping system. The development is oriented to achieve a commercially viable solution and a market
friendly product. The converter topology is based on a Resonant Two Inductor Boost converter and a Threephase
Voltage Source inverter achieving 90% efficiency at a rated power of 210W.
Universal demand for power increases due to continuous development to fulfil all these demand. Resources
are used with optimization. A high efficiency and high power factor converters are the major parts of energy
transfer system. This paper present a general review on single stage forward and flyback converter topologies to get
better its performance. This is paper presents a kind general idea of increasing efficiency and power factor of single
stage forward and fly back converter.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
An Asymmetrical Dc-Dc Converter with a High Voltage GainIJMER
An asymmetrical full bridge converter is proposed in the paper. The proposed converter
achieves zero voltage switching of all the power switches. Zero current switching of all the output diodes
are also achieved here. This in turn provides a highly efficienct operation. The proposed converter can
provide a high voltage gain and the voltages across the semi- conductor devices are effectively clamped.
The converter can be utilised effectively in high voltage applications as embedded systems, renewable
energy systems, fuel cells, mobility applications and uninterrupted power supply
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Scienceinventy
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed
Optimal Placement of Distributed Generation on Radial Distribution System for...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
The negative impacts or side effects of a damper circuit insertion in an LCL passive filter utilized to filter DC/AC inverters output voltage is presented in this paper. For comparative study, this paper discusses two damping configurations, namely series and parallel damping, as well as the LCL filter without damping element. Four criteria are used to explore the impacts of the damper circuits, i.e. their total harmonic distortions (THDs), the output voltage amplitude, the output power and the power efficiency. Theoretically and emphirically shown by previous studies, the damper can indeed reduce the peak resonance frequency of the filter in its frequency response curve. However, in any circumstance, it can potentially reduce the inverters power and efficiency, voltage output amplitude, and cannot improve its THD reduction. The analysis results have shown that the side effects depends also on the load conditions, which are different for each damping circuit configuration.
Voltage Control of Dual Active Bridge Converter for CO-Amorphous Core Materia...kuldeep12555
Solid-State Transformer (SST) provides versatile power system operation. In the smart world, there are technologies where everything is incorporated that reduce the size and eventually save time in delivering a fast process. It has been seen that solid-state transformer voltage begins to decrease during operation that needs to be regulated through some control strategy. In this paper, a Dual Active Bridge (DAB) converter has been used to control the voltage of SST that employs the Single-Phase Shift (SPS) technique. For further efficiency improvement Co73(Si, B)27 co-amorphous material has been used for the core of SST because co-amorphous alloy has much lower loss compared with Fe-amorphous cores and have limited saturation flux density. Real-time parameters of core have been used in the analysis. It has been evident from the results that DAB dc-dc converter-based SST with SPS control technique is simple and offers better performance compared to stand-alone SST. It improves the overall performance and efficiency of the system. This paper has been accomplished in Matlab® / Simulink environment.
Keywords: Co73 (Si, B)27 Amorphous Core Material; Solid-State transformer (SST); Dual Active Bridge (DAB); High
voltage (HV) Application.
Design of Soft Switching Converter with Digital Signal Processor Based MPPT f...IDES Editor
This paper is based on the design of soft
switching converter (ZVS-ZCS resonant action) with
digital signal processor (DSP) based maximum power
point tracking (MPPT) algorithm for solar hybrid
applications. The converter aims to get the regulated
output voltage from several power sources like wind
turbines, photovoltaic (PV) arrays and energy from these
sources are simultaneously transferred to the load. The
input stage circuits for different energy sources are put in
parallel using a coupled inductor and the converter to
prevent power coupling effect it acts in interleaving
operating mode. As the buck/boost converter input range
is restricted interleaved ZVS-ZCS converter with low
switching loss and conduction loss and efficiency of more
than 92% can be easily achieved. DSP based MPPT
algorithm adjusts solar array voltage (equal to battery
voltage) with a digital compensator technique and
discrete PI control to track the MPP with high tracking
efficiency. Hence the proposed work gives a novel idea in
the modern hybrid energy system.
GET IEEE BIG DATA,JAVA ,DOTNET,ANDROID ,NS2,MATLAB,EMBEDED AT LOW COST WITH BEST QUALITY PLEASE CONTACT BELOW NUMBER
FOR MORE INFORMATION PLEASE FIND THE BELOW DETAILS:
Nexgen Technology
No :66,4th cross,Venkata nagar,
Near SBI ATM,
Puducherry.
Email Id: praveen@nexgenproject.com
Mobile: 9791938249
Telephone: 0413-2211159
www.nexgenproject.com
GET IEEE BIG DATA,JAVA ,DOTNET,ANDROID ,NS2,MATLAB,EMBEDED AT LOW COST WITH BEST QUALITY PLEASE CONTACT BELOW NUMBER
FOR MORE INFORMATION PLEASE FIND THE BELOW DETAILS:
Nexgen Technology
No :66,4th cross,Venkata nagar,
Near SBI ATM,
Puducherry.
Email Id: praveen@nexgenproject.com
Mobile: 9791938249
Telephone: 0413-2211159
www.nexgenproject.com
A REVIEW ON IMPLEMENTATION OF THREE-PHASE TWO-STAGE GRID-CONNECTED MICijiert bestjournal
Module integrated converters (MICs) in single phase have witnessed recent market success due to unique features such as improved energy harvest,improved system efficiency,lower installation costs,plug - and - play operation,and enhanced flexibility and mo dularity. The MIC sector has grown from a niche market to mainstream,especially in the United States. Assuming further expansion of the MIC market,this paper presents the micro inverter concept incorporated in large size photovoltaic (PV) installations such as megawatts (MW) - class solar farms where a three - phase ac connection is employed. A high - efficiency three - phase MIC with two - stage zero voltage switching (ZVS) operation for the grid - tied PV system is proposed which will reduce cost per watt,improve re - liability,and increase scalability of MW - class solar farms through the development of new solar farm system architectures. The first stage consists of a high - efficiency full - bridge LLC resonant dc � dc converter which interfaces to the PV panel and prod uces a dc - link voltage.
A DC-DC Converter with Ripple Current Cancellation Based On Duty Cycle SelectionIJMER
In this paper a boost dc-dc converter is proposed based on the concept of ripple current cancellation. This proposed system has the novel capability of cancelling the input current ripple at an arbitrarily preselected duty cycle. This is accomplished without increasing the count of the number of components in contrast to other solutions available in the conventional system. In addition to this, the converter also features a high voltage gain without utilizing extreme values of duty cycle or boosting transformers. These features make the converter ideal to process electric power coming from low-voltage power-generating sources, such as renewables. This system also provides details on the principle of operation via topological considerations and a mathematical model. The key factor of reactive component sizing is also discussed in detail. The proposed boost dc-dc converter is evaluated by simulating in MATLAB/Simulink software.
An advanced multilevel converter topology with Reduced switching elementsAsoka Technologies
Smart grid applications, renewable energy utilization and electric vehicles (EVs) are attracting researchers due to their importance nowadays as well as in the future. An efficient power electronic converter is a main and common topic for research in this area. In this paper, a prototype of the electrical part of a power-train for EVs using an advanced multilevel converter topology is introduced, discussed and analysed. A comparison between the advanced converter, two-level and conventional multilevel converter topology is discussed as well. A switch function model is derived and discussed for the proposed converter. A mathematical model for the converter supplied by a fuel-cell (FC) and boost-converter (BC) is implemented with Matlab/Simulink. The simulation results are analysed to evaluate the converter. The evaluation is based on the harmonic analysis and power loss calculations. The converters are tested at different switching frequencies to show the effect of this variable on the converter loss. The results indicate that the proposed converter is 1.32% more efficient compared to conventional five-level DCC. Moreover, the lowest harmonic content, for all of the studied converters, is the proposed one
High Step-Up Converter with Voltage Multiplier Module for Renewable Energy Sy...IJRES Journal
In this project, A novel high step-up converter, which is suitable for renewable energy system, is proposed.Through a voltage multiplier module composed of switched capacitors and coupled inductors, a conventional interleaved boost converter obtains high step-up gain without operating at extreme duty ratio.The configuration of the proposed converter not only reduces the current stress but also constrains the input current ripple, which decreases the conduction losses and lengthens the lifetime of the input source. In addition, due to the lossless passive clamp performance, leakage energy is recycled to the output terminal. Hence, large voltage spikes across the main switches are alleviated, and the efficiency is improved.
Wf4Ever: Scientific Workflows and Research Objects as tools for scientific in...Joint ALMA Observatory
Astronomers are being drowned in data: facilities like ALMA currently provide datasets in the Gigabyte range, and increasing, while facilities like the LSST and the SKA will generate datasets large enough so that data download, even of the reduced datasets, will not be feasible. In this talk we will introduce the concept of Scientific Workflows, as software tools that allow for the easy exploration of both local and remote datasets and processing services, and of Research Objects, which encapsulate all relevant aspects of a scientific experiment, and allow for its quantitative and qualitative assessment, enable reuse with proper attribution, and linkage to publications, among others. The AstroTaverna plugin, with astronomy-specific for workflow creation, was also presented in this ALMA Weekly Seminar.
En este número de la Revista Carta de España, editada por el Ministerio de Trabajo e Inmigración lo más destacado es La “pasión roja”, Hogar Español de Londres y el álbum de álbum de Juan Ramón Jiménez
Die Bezirksregierung hat die Bevölkerungs- und Wirtschaftsstrukturen der Region unter die Lupe genommne, einen Blick auf die Pendlerzahlen und in die Zukunft geworfen.
A presentation by Mohamad Faiz and Wan Mohd Shahrizal Ikram on 30 April 2013. These slides were presented specially for a subject in our masters program. Most of the materials were taken from a case study titled "Shopster.com" written by Malcolm Munro and Sid Huff (2007).
la Organización Mundial de la Salud divulgó que las ondas que emitían los teléfonos celulares tendrían relación con el desarrollo de cáncer. Aunque ya los científicos habían denunciado que la radiación electromagnética de los celulares podría relacionarse con esta enfermedad cuando se desarrolla en el cerebro, que la OMS ponga el asunto sobre la mesa, en términos de salud pública, es un indicativo de que hay que ser precavidas con el uso de este aparato.
coolbrandz presentation: Dublin Web Summit 2013Eileen Schuch
How Word of Mouth Marketing can help your business grow: that's the title of the presentation I prepared for my speech on the People's Stage at Dublin Websummit. Discover three outstanding WoM successes and what you can do to spark conversations and earn recommendations from your clients - all wrapped up in 4mins of talk!
A Power quality problem is an occurrence of nonstandard voltage, current or frequency that results in a
failure or a misoperation of end user equipments. Utility distribution networks, sensitive industrial loads and
critical commercial operations suffer from various types of outages and service interruptions which can cost
significant financial losses. With the increase in load demand, the Renewable Energy Sources (RES) are
increasingly connected in the distribution systems which utilizes power electronic Converters/Inverters. This
paper presents a single-stage, three-phase grid connected solar photovoltaic (SPV) system. The proposed system
is dual purpose, as it not only feeds extracted solar energy into the grid but it also helps in improving power
quality in the distribution system. The presented system serves the purpose of maximum power point tracking
(MPPT), feeding SPV energy to the grid, harmonics mitigation of loads connected at point of common coupling
(PCC) and balancing the grid currents. The SPV system uses a three-phase voltage source converter (VSC) for
performing all these functions. An improved linear sinusoidal tracer (ILST)-based control algorithm is proposed
for control of VSC. In the proposed system, a variable dc link voltage is used for MPPT. An instantaneous
compensation technique is used incorporating changes in PV power for fast dynamic response. The SPV system
is first simulated in MATLAB along with Simulink and simpower system toolboxes.
PV Cell Fed High Step-up DC-DC Converter for PMSM Drive ApplicationsIJMTST Journal
In this concept novel high step-up dc–dc converter with an active coupled-inductor network is presented for
a sustainable energy system. The proposed converter contains two coupled inductors which can be
integrated into one magnetic core and two switches. The primary sides of coupled inductors are charged in
parallel by the input source, and both the coupled inductors are discharged in series with the input source to
achieve the high step-up voltage gain with appropriate duty ratio, respectively. In addition, the passive
lossless clamped circuit not only recycles leakage energies of the coupled inductor to improve efficiency but
also alleviates large voltage spike to limit the voltage stresses of the main switches. The reverse-recovery
problem of the output diode is also alleviated by the leakage inductor and the lower part count is needed;
therefore, the power conversion efficiency can be further upgraded. The voltage conversion ratios, the effect of
the leakage inductance and the parasitic parameters on the voltage gain are discussed. The voltage stress
and current stress on the power devices are illustrated and the comparisons between the proposed converter
and other converters are given. The simulation results are presented by using Mat lab/Simulink software.
A Novel Integrated AC-DC Five Level Converter Strategy for Power Factor Corre...IJMTST Journal
Multilevel configuration has the advantage of its simplicity and modularity over the configurations of the other converters. With the application of multilevel converter in the high voltage and large power occasions in recent years, its modulation strategy has become a research hot point in the field of power electronics. The proposed power-factor-correction circuit can achieve unity power factor and ripple-free input current using a coupled inductor. The proposed rectifier can also produce input currents that do not have dead band regions and an output current that is continuous for all load conditions. The features of this converter are that it has lower input section peak current stresses and a better harmonic content than similar converter with a non-interleaved output, the output current is continuous for all load ranges, and the dc bus voltage is less than 450 for all line and load conditions. In this paper, the operation of the new converter is explained, its steady-state characteristics are determined by analysis, and these characteristics are used to develop a procedure for the design of the converter. Hence the simulation results are obtained using MATLAB/SIMULINK software. The proposed system provides a closed loop control for variable output voltage. The SSPFC AC/DC converter can operate with lower peak voltage stresses across the switches and the DC bus capacitors as it is a three-level converter. The proposed concept can be implemented with 5-level for efficient output voltage.
Applications of Smart Grid through Harmonic Current & Reactive Power Compensa...IJMTST Journal
Power factor correction (PFC) is a mandatory functionality of electronic products in the industrial and commercial market in order to mitigate grid harmonics and operate a power system economically. Since the load characteristics of most PFC applications such as home appliances, battery chargers, switched mode power supplies and other digital products support unidirectional power flow, the general ac-dc boost converter with step-up chopper is considered a popular topology. This is because they are low cost, simple, and their performance is well-proven. Its main task inside the system is to maintain dc-link voltage constantly in order to feed loads at different power ratings. In addition, it is necessary to control input current with a pure sinusoidal waveform in phase with input voltage. Active power filters (APF) are another approach capable of improving grid power quality. Many research endeavors have included APFs in their circuit topologies and control strategies. Unlike PFC circuits, the APF is a system in itself which provides compensation of harmonics and reactive power in order to reduce undesirable effects from non-linear loads and uncontrolled passive loads in power systems.
Analysis and Design of Solar Photo voltaic Grid Connected Inverterijeei-iaes
This paper presents common mode voltage analysis of single phase grid connected photovoltaic inverter. Many researchers proposed different grid tie inverters for applications like domestic powering, street lighting, water pumping, cooling and heating applications, however traditional grid tie PV inverter uses either a line frequency or a high frequency transformer between the inverter and grid but losses will increase in the network leading to reduced efficiency of the system. In order to increase the efficiency, with reduced size and cost of the system, the effective solution is to remove the isolation transformer. But common mode (CM) ground leakage current due to parasitic capacitance between the PV panels and the ground making the system unreliable. The common mode current reduces the efficiency of power conversion stage, affects the quality of grid current, deteriorate the electric magnetic compatibility and give rise to the safety threats. In order to eliminate the common mode leakage current in Transformerless PV systm two control algorithms of multi-carrier pwm are implemented and compared for performance analysis.The shoot-through issue that is encountered by traditional voltage source inverter is analyzed for enhanced system reliability. These control algorithms are compared for common mode voltage and THD comparisons. The proposed system is designed using MATLAB/SIMULINK software for analysis.
Fuzzy based control of Transformer less Coupled inductor based DC-DC converterIJERA Editor
Most of the industrial applications use any one of the basic DC-DC converter configurations namely buck,
boost, buck–boost, and Cuk converters. These converters are non-isolating converters. Buck-boost converters
use inductors for storing energy from the source and release the same to load or output. This results in high
stress across magnetic components. This drawback restricts usage of buck-boost converters to low power
applications. Flyback converters popularly have known as buck-boost converters uses transformers for
achieving wide range of step down and step up voltages. Coupled inductor based converters or tapped inductor
based converters are used for achieving wide input – wide output conversion ratios. Coherent transition between
step-down and step-up modes is achieved by a proper control scheme. This paper proposes fuzzy logic based
closed loop control scheme for control of converter switches. Theoretical derivations of control parameters with
their membership values, mamdani based rules for development of fuzzy rules and simulation results of a
coupled inductor based DC-DC converter using MATLAB / SIMULINK are concluded.
The conventional transformer in power infrastructure should be capable of meeting the demand for the load. The conventional transformer is structured and designed to handle high power. Also, the overload capacity of conventional transformers depends on the highest temperature and short-term overload. This paper represents the construction and working of the solid-state transformer which consists of AC to DC and DC to AC conversion which has low overload capability as compared to conventional transformers. Solid-state transformer finding applications in Solar and wind power generation electric vehicle battery management systems because of high-frequency operation, which is not possible in case of conventional transformers also smart transformer, provides flexible control of electric power distribution.
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES)irjes
The core of the vision IRJES is to disseminate new knowledge and technology for the benefit of all, ranging from academic research and professional communities to industry professionals in a range of topics in computer science and engineering. It also provides a place for high-caliber researchers, practitioners and PhD students to present ongoing research and development in these areas.
SIMULATION AND ANALYSIS OF TIBC FOR INDUCTION MOTOR DRIVEEditor IJMTER
This project proposes a new low cost converter- inverter drive system for induction motor.
The converter is designed to drive a three-phase induction motor directly from PhotoVoltaic (PV)
energy source. The three phase induction motor is better because of its low cost, reliability, no
maintenance, high efficiency and good power factor. Two Inductor Boost Converter (TIBC) is used
in first stage along with the voltage doubler rectifier and snubber to develop the system. The reason
to choose TIBC is due to its high voltage gain and low input current ripple, which minimizes the
oscillations at the module operation point. To convert the boosted DC output voltage from PV
module into AC, a voltage source inverter is implemented to attain sufficient voltage to drive the
motor. As the PV cell posses the nonlinear behaviour, the Maximum Power Point Tracker (MPPT)
controller is needed to improve the utilization efficiency of the converter. The MPPT algorithm
proposed in this paper based on hill climbing algorithm, for matching the load and to boost the PV
module output voltage. PI Controller is used to control the speed of the Induction Motor. The entire
system is simulated using Matlab Simulink environment. The system is expected to be operated with
high efficiency and low cost for long lifetime.
Epcos Capacitors Dealers In India-System controls switchgearsystemcontrols
The System controls switchgear company has been providing top quality electrical equipment. Particularly successful in improving power quality across all industry segments and in utilities. System controls switchgear are one of leading Abb Low Voltage Switchgears, Abb Mcb,Epcos Power Capacitor, Alstom Protection Relays, Micom Relay Alstom, Legrand Low Voltage Switchgear, C&S MCB dealers in Delhi India.
Cars are a very important part of this modern world because they give luxury and comfort. Even
though they are comfortable, some problems always keep arising on the safety side. After a lot of research they
rectified certain problems using air bags, auto parking, turbo charger, pedal shift…, etc.
And now we are going to discuss about one such problem that arises on the safety side. An unsuspected
accident occurs when people smash their fingers in between the car doors. Due to this kind of accident around
120,000 people are injured every year. But this was not taken as a very major safety concern for the customer.
To avoid this kind accident due to car doors, we are introducing “SAFETY DOOR LOCK SYSTEM”
with the help of “HYDRAULIC PISTON AND IR SENSORS”.
The major working process of the “SAFETY DOOR LOCK SYSTEM”is, when a person places his/her
hand or fingers in the gap between the door and the outer panel, at the time when the closing action of the door
takes place, the Sensors start to transmit the Infra Red Rays to the Receivers at the
other end, and so even if someone closes the door without anybody‟s knowledge the hydraulic piston will
automatically come out and stop the door from closing and prevent the person from the unsuspected accident
and minor injuries by the car door and ensure maximum safety to the customer.
Extrusion can be defined as the process of subjecting a material to compression so that it is forced to
flow through an opening of a die and takes the shape of the hole. Multi-hole extrusion is the process of
extruding the products through a die having more than one hole. Multi-hole extrusion increases the production
rate and reduces the cost of production. In this study the ram force has calculated experimentally for single hole
and multi-hole extrusion. The comparison of ram forces between the single hole and multi-hole extrusion
provides the inverse relation between the numbers of holes in a die and ram force. The experimental lengths of
the extruded products through the various holes of multi-hole die are different. It indicates that the flow pattern
is dependent on the material behavior. The micro-hardness test has done for the extruded products of lead
through multi-hole die. It is observed that the hardness of the extruded lead products from the central hole is
found to be more than that of the products extruded from other holes. The study suggests that multi-hole
extrusion can be used for obtaining the extruded products of lead with varying hardness. The micro-structure
study has done for the lead material before and after extrusion. It is observed that the size of grains of lead
material after extrusion is smaller than the original lead.
Analysis of Agile and Multi-Agent Based Process Scheduling Modelirjes
As an answer of long growing frustration of waterfall Software development life cycle concepts,
agile software development concept was evolved in 90’s. The most popular agile methodologies is the Extreme
Programming (XP). Most software companies nowadays aim to produce efficient, flexible and valuable
Software in short time period with minimal costs, and within unstable, changing environments. This complex
problem can be modeled as a multi-agent based system, where agents negotiate resources. Agents can be used to
represent projects and resources. Crucial for the multi-agent based system in project scheduling model, is the
availability of an effective algorithm for prioritizing and scheduling of task. To evaluate the models, simulations
were carried out with real life and several generated data sets. The developed model (Multi-agent based System)
provides an optimized and flexible agile process scheduling and reduces overheads in the software process as it
responds quickly to changing requirements without excessive work in project scheduling.
Effects of Cutting Tool Parameters on Surface Roughnessirjes
This paper presents of the influence on surface roughness of Co28Cr6Mo medical alloy machined
on a CNC lathe based on cutting parameters (rotational speed, feed rate, depth of cut and nose radius).The
influences of cutting parameters have been presented in graphical form for understanding. To achieve the
minimum surface roughness, the optimum values obtained for rpm, feed rate, depth of cut and nose radius were
respectively, 318 rpm, 0,1 mm/rev, 0,7 mm and 0,8 mm. Maximum surface roughness has been revealed the
values obtained for rpm, feed rate, depth of cut and nose radius were respectively, 318 rpm, 0,25 mm/rev, 0,9
mm and 0,4 mm.
Possible limits of accuracy in measurement of fundamental physical constantsirjes
The measurement uncertainties of Fundamental Physical Constants should take into account all
possible and most influencing factors. One from them is the finiteness of the model that causes the existence of
a-priori error. The proposed formula for calculation of this error provides a comparison of its value with the
actual experimental measurement error that cannot be done an arbitrarily small. According to the suggested
approach, the error of the researched Fundamental Physical Constant, measured in conventional field studies,
will always be higher than the error caused by the finite number of dimensional recorded variables of physicalmathematical
models. Examples of practical application of the considered concept for measurement of fine
structure constant, speed of light and Newtonian constant of gravitation are discussed.
Performance Comparison of Energy Detection Based Spectrum Sensing for Cogniti...irjes
With the rapid deployment of new wireless devices and applications, the last decade has witnessed a growing
demand for wireless radio spectrum. However, the policy of fixed spectrum assignment produces a bottleneck for more
efficient spectrum utilization, such that a great portion of the licensed spectrum is severely under-utilized. So the concept of
cognitive radio was introduced to address this issue.The inefficient usage of the limited spectrum necessitates the
development of dynamic spectrum access techniques, where users who have no spectrum licenses, also known as secondary
users, are allowed to use the temporarily unused licensed spectrum. For this purpose we have to know the presence or
absence of primary users for spectrum usage. So spectrums sensing is one of the major requirements of cognitive radio.Many
spectrum sensing techniques have been developed to sense the presence or absence of a licensed user. This paper evaluates
the performance of the energy detection based spectrum sensing technique in noisy and fading environments.The
performance of the energy detection technique will be evaluated by use of Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curves
over additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and fading channels.
Comparative Study of Pre-Engineered and Conventional Steel Frames for Differe...irjes
In this paper, the conventional steel frames having triangular Pratt truss as a roofing system of 60 m
length, span 30m and varying bay spacing 4m, 5m and 6m respectively having eaves level for all the portals is at
10m and the EOT crane is supported at the height of 8m from ground level and pre-engineered steel frames of
same dimensions are analyzed and designed for wind zones (wind zone 2, wind zone 3, wind zone 4 and wind
zone 5) by using STAAD Pro V8i. The study deals with the comparative study of both conventional and preengineered
with respect to the amount of structural steel required, reduction in dead load of the structure.
Flip bifurcation and chaos control in discrete-time Prey-predator model irjes
The dynamics of discrete-time prey-predator model are investigated. The result indicates that the
model undergo a flip bifurcation which found by using center manifold theorem and bifurcation theory.
Numerical simulation not only illustrate our results, but also exhibit the complex dynamic behavior, such as the
periodic doubling in period-2, -4 -8, quasi- periodic orbits and chaotic set. Finally, the feedback control method
is used to stabilize chaotic orbits at an unstable interior point.
Energy Awareness and the Role of “Critical Mass” In Smart Citiesirjes
A Smart City could be depicted as a place, logical and physical, in which a crowd of heterogeneous
entities is related in time and space through different types of interactions. Any type of entity, whether it is a
device or a person, clustered in communities, becomes a source of context-based data.
Energy awareness is able to drive the process of bringing our society to limit energy waste and to optimize
usage of available resources, causing a strong environmental and social impact. Then, following social network
analysis methodologies related to the dynamics of complex systems, it is possible to find out, emergent and
sometimes hidden new habits of electricity usage. Through an initial Critical Mass, involving a multitude of
consumers, each related to more contexts, we evaluate the triggering and spreading of a collective attitude. To
this aim, in this paper, we propose a novel analytical model defining a new concept of critical mass, which
includes centrality measures both in a single layer and in a multilayer social network.
A Firefly Algorithm for Optimizing Spur Gear Parameters Under Non-Lubricated ...irjes
Firefly algorithm is one of the emerging evolutionary approaches for complex and non-linear
optimization problems. It is inspired by natural firefly‟s behavior such as movement of fireflies based on
brightness and by overcoming the constraints such as light absorption, obstacles, distance, etc. In this research,
firefly‟s movement had been simulated computationally to identify the best parameters for spur gear pair by
considering the design and manufacturing constraints. The proposed algorithm was tested with the traditional
design parameters and found the results are at par in less computational time by satisfying the constraints.
The Effect of Orientation of Vortex Generators on Aerodynamic Drag Reduction ...irjes
One of the main reasons for the aerodynamic drag in automotive vehicles is the flow separation
near the vehicle’s rear end. To delay this flow separation, vortex generators are used in recent vehicles. The
vortex generators are commonly used in aircrafts to prevent flow separation. Even though vortex generators
themselves create drag, but they also reduce drag by delaying flow separation at downstream. The overall effect
of vortex generators is more beneficial and proved by experimentation. The effect depends on the shape,size and
orientation of vortex generators. Hence optimized shape with proper orientation is essential for getting better
results.This paper presents the effect of vortex generators at different orientation to the flow field and the
mechanism by which these effects takes place.
An Assessment of The Relationship Between The Availability of Financial Resou...irjes
The availability of financial resources is an important element in impacting the success of a planning
process for an effective physical planning. The extent to which however, they are articulated in the process
remained elusive both in scholarly and public discourse. The objective of this study wastherefore, to examine
the extent to which financial resources affect physical planning. In doing so, the study examinedwhether
financial resources were adequate or not to facilitate planning processes in Paidha. According to the study
findings,budget prioritization and ceilings are still a challenge in Paidha Town Council. This is partly due
limited level of knowledge of physical planning among the officials of Paidha Town Council. As a result, there
were no dedicated budget line for routine inspection of physical development plan compliance and enforcement
tools in Paidha. In conclusion, in addressing uncoordinated patterns of physical development that characterize
Uganda‟s urban centres, a critical starting point ought to be the analysis of physical planning process. The
research of this kind is not only significant to other emerging urban centres facing poor a road network,
mushrooming informal settlements and poor social services including poor pattern of residential and commercial
developments but also to all institutions that are involved in planning these towns. Knowing the extent of need
for financial influences in planning may assist local authorities to take the processes of planning seriously which
will help enhance the sustainable development of emerging urban centres including Paidha.
The Choice of Antenatal Care and Delivery Place in Surabaya (Based on Prefere...irjes
- Person's desire to do a pregnancy examination is determined by the service place that suits the tastes
and facilities owned by it. Until now, the utilization of antenatal care by pregnant women is still low (Mardiana,
2014). The purpose of the study is to analyze factors affecting the utilization of antenatal care and delivery place
in Surabaya city based on the preferences and choice theory.
Type of survey research is cross sectional approach, the population is mothers who have children aged 1-
12 months in Surabaya. The large sample of 250 mothers who have children aged 1-12 months in 2013 is taken
by simple random sampling technique. Variables of the research are the preference elements and steps, choice
elements and steps, utilization of antenatal care and delivery place. Data were collected through questionnaires
and secondary data were then analyzed with descriptive statistics in the form of a frequency distribution, shown
by the schematic diagram.
The result showed that the preference elements and steps showed almost half (42.9%) desire to give birth
in a health care because of information got from someone else, while the choice element and step shows the
bulk (57.1%) of the criteria of delivery place chosen is a safe, comfortable and cheap delivery place, the labor
place which is the main choice most (57.1%) is cheap, comfortable, close.
Conclusion of the research based on the preferences and choice theory can be found three (3) new
theories, they are preferences become choice, preferences do not become choice, choice is preceded by
preferences
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
-------------------------------------------
During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
- Which features are provided by Grafana?
- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
To view the webinar recording, go to:
https://www.rttsweb.com/jmeter-integration-webinar
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
PHP Frameworks: I want to break free (IPC Berlin 2024)Ralf Eggert
In this presentation, we examine the challenges and limitations of relying too heavily on PHP frameworks in web development. We discuss the history of PHP and its frameworks to understand how this dependence has evolved. The focus will be on providing concrete tips and strategies to reduce reliance on these frameworks, based on real-world examples and practical considerations. The goal is to equip developers with the skills and knowledge to create more flexible and future-proof web applications. We'll explore the importance of maintaining autonomy in a rapidly changing tech landscape and how to make informed decisions in PHP development.
This talk is aimed at encouraging a more independent approach to using PHP frameworks, moving towards a more flexible and future-proof approach to PHP development.
Connector Corner: Automate dynamic content and events by pushing a buttonDianaGray10
Here is something new! In our next Connector Corner webinar, we will demonstrate how you can use a single workflow to:
Create a campaign using Mailchimp with merge tags/fields
Send an interactive Slack channel message (using buttons)
Have the message received by managers and peers along with a test email for review
But there’s more:
In a second workflow supporting the same use case, you’ll see:
Your campaign sent to target colleagues for approval
If the “Approve” button is clicked, a Jira/Zendesk ticket is created for the marketing design team
But—if the “Reject” button is pushed, colleagues will be alerted via Slack message
Join us to learn more about this new, human-in-the-loop capability, brought to you by Integration Service connectors.
And...
Speakers:
Akshay Agnihotri, Product Manager
Charlie Greenberg, Host
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
Slack (or Teams) Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Soluti...Jeffrey Haguewood
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on the notifications, alerts, and approval requests using Slack for Bonterra Impact Management. The solutions covered in this webinar can also be deployed for Microsoft Teams.
Interested in deploying notification automations for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
Let's dive deeper into the world of ODC! Ricardo Alves (OutSystems) will join us to tell all about the new Data Fabric. After that, Sezen de Bruijn (OutSystems) will get into the details on how to best design a sturdy architecture within ODC.
Empowering NextGen Mobility via Large Action Model Infrastructure (LAMI): pav...
High Step-Up Converter with Voltage Multiplier Module for Renewable Energy System
1. International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES)
ISSN (Online) 2319-183X, (Print) 2319-1821
Volume 4, Issue 3 (March 2015), PP.08-21
www.irjes.com 8 | Page
High Step-Up Converter with Voltage Multiplier Module for
Renewable Energy System
1
R.Karunakaran, 2
Mr. Lingeshwaran, M.E.,
1
Bharath University
2
M.E Assistant Professor
Abstract:-In this project, A novel high step-up converter, which is suitable for renewable energy system, is
proposed.Through a voltage multiplier module composed of switched capacitors and coupled inductors, a
conventional interleaved boost converter obtains high step-up gain without operating at extreme duty ratio.The
configuration of the proposed converter not only reduces the current stress but also constrains the input current
ripple, which decreases the conduction losses and lengthens the lifetime of the input source. In addition, due to
the lossless passive clamp performance, leakage energy is recycled to the output terminal. Hence, large voltage
spikes across the main switches are alleviated, and the efficiency is improved.
Keywords:-Interleaved boost converter,Matlab/Simulink ,Solar panel rectifier,Voltage multiplier module
Fig.1.1
I. INTRODUCTION
Nowadays, renewable energy is increasingly valued and employed worldwide because of energy
shortage and environmental contamination. Renewable energy systems generate low voltage output, and thus,
high step-up dc/dc converters have been widely employed in many renewable energy applications such fuel
cells, wind power generation, and photovoltaic (PV) systems. Such systems transform energy from renewable
sources into electrical energy and convert low voltage into high voltage via a step-up converter.The high step-up
conversion may require two-stage converters with cascade structure for enough step-up gain, which decreases
the efficiency and increases the cost. Thus, a high step-up converter is seen as an important stage in the system
because such a system requires a sufficiently high step-up conversion.
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II. PROPOSED CONVERTER
The proposed converter is a conventional interleaved boost converter integrated with a voltage
multiplier module, and the voltage multiplier module is composed of switched capacitors and coupled inductors.
The coupled inductors can be designed to extend step-up gain, and the switched capacitors offer extra voltage
conversion ratio. In addition, when one of the switches turns off, the energy stored in the magnetizing inductor
will transfer via three respective paths; thus, the current distribution not only decreases the conduction losses by
lower effective current but also makes currents through some diodes decrease to zero before they turn off, which
alleviate diode reverse recovery losses.
The advantages of the proposed converter are as follows.
1) The proposed converter is characterized by low input current ripple and low conduction losses, which
increases the lifetime of renewable energy sources and makes it suitable for high-power applications.
2) The converter achieves the high step-up gain that renewable energy systems require.
3) Due to the lossless passive clamp performance, leakage energy is recycled to the output terminal. Hence,
large voltage spikes across the main switches are alleviated, and the efficiency is improved.
4) Low cost and high efficiency are achieved by employment of the low-voltage-rated power switch with low
RDS (ON); also, the voltage stresses on main switches and diodes are substantially lower than output voltage.
5) The inherent configuration of the proposed converter makes some diodes decrease conduction losses and
alleviate diode reverse recovery losses.
III. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM EXPLANATIONS
The proposed converter is a conventional interleaved boost converter integrated with a voltage
multiplier module, and the voltage multiplier module is composed of switched capacitors and coupled inductors.
The coupled inductors can be designed to extend step-up gain, and the switched capacitors offer extra voltage
conversion ratio. In addition, when one of the switches turns off, the energy stored in the magnetizing inductor
will transfer via three respective paths; thus, the current distribution not only decreases the conduction losses by
lower effective current but also makes currents through some diodes decrease to zero before they turn off, which
alleviate diode reverse recovery losses.
3.1. SOLAR PANEL:
A solarpanel is a packaged, connected assembly of solar cells, also known as photovoltaic cells. The
solar panel can be used as a component of a larger photovoltaic system to generate and supply electricity in
commercial and residential applications. Because a single solar panel can produce only a limited amount of
power, many installations contain several panels. A photovoltaic system typically includes an array of solar
panels, an inverter, and sometimes a battery and interconnection wiring.A solar panel or photovoltaic module, is
composed of individual PV cells. This crystalline-silicon panel has an aluminium frame and glass on the front.
Solar panels use light energy (photons) from the sun to generate electricity through the photovoltaic effect. The
structural (load carrying) member of a module can either be the top layer or the back layer. The majority of
modules use wafer-based crystalline silicon or thin film cells based on cadmium telluride or silicon. The
conducting wires that take the current off the panels may contain silver, copper or other non-magnetic
conductive .The cells must be connected electrically to one another and to the rest of the system. Cells must also
be protected from mechanical damage and moisture. Most solar panels are rigid, but semi-flexible ones are
available, based on thin-film cells. Electrical connections are made in series to achieve a desired output voltage
and/or in parallel to provide a desired current capability.
3.2Interleaved Boost converter:
With the rapid evolving IT technologies, today, the power factor correction (PFC) design is facing
many challenges, such as power scalability, high entire-load-range efficiency, and high power density. Power
scalability is a very desirable and cost-effective approach in the PFC design in order to keep up with servers’
growing power requirements. Higher power density can eventually reduce the converter cost and allows for
accommodating more equipment in the existing infrastructures. Driven strongly by economic and environmental
concerns, high entire-load-range efficiency is more and more required by various organizations and programs,
such as the U.S. Energy Star, Climate Savers, and German Blue Angel. Today, the existing boost PFC is
reaching its limitations to meet these challenges simultaneously. Using the cutting-edge semiconductor devices,
further efficiency improvement at light load is still needed. There are limited approaches available for increasing
the power density due to the large EMI filter and inductor size. Interleaved multi-channel boost PFC is a
promising candidate to meet those challenges, but the interleaved boost converter is a less explored area. On the
other hand, the multi-channel interleaved buck converter for the VR application has been intensively studied and
thoroughly explored. One basic approach of this study is trying to extend the existing knowledge and techniques
3. High Step-Up Converter with Voltage Multiplier Module for Renewable Energy System
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obtained from multiphase buck converters to the multichannel interleaved boost converters since there are
similarities existed between the multiphase buck and the multi-channel boost converters. The existing studies
about the interleaving impact on the EMI filter design are based on the time domain ripple cancellation effect.
This approach is good enough for most of the filter designs. However, unlike the conventional filter designs, the
EMI filter design is a specification related process.
3.2.1.Interleaving technique:
The concept of interleaving, or more generally that of increasing the effective pulse frequency of any
periodic power source by synchronizing several smaller sources and operating them with relative phase shifts, is
not new. Interleaving technique actually exists in different areas of modern technologies in different forms. Take
a typical automobile engine as an example. In today’s internal combustion engine, several cylinders are
connected to a common crankshaft and that the power stroke portions of their cycles are non-simultaneous. By
firing each cylinder in sequence, the effective pulse frequency of the engine is increased and the net torque
ripple is reduced. Increasing the number of cylinders raises the pulse frequency and total output power of the
engine without increasing the firing frequency of the individual cylinders. This could be considered as a very
good example of interleaving technique being applied in the field of mechanical engineering.
In the field of power electronics, application of interleaving technique can be traced back to very early
days, especially in high power applications. In high power applications, the voltage and current stress can easily
go beyond the range that one power device can handle. Multiple power devices connected in parallel and/or
series could be one solution. However, voltage sharing and/or current sharing are still the concerns. Instead of
paralleling power devices, paralleling power converters is another solution which could be more beneficial.
Furthermore, with the power converter paralleling architecture, interleaving technique comes naturally. Benefits
like harmonic cancellation, better efficiency, better thermal performance, and high power density can be
obtained. In earlier days, for high power applications, in order to meet certain system requirement, interleaving
multi-channel converter could be a superior solution especially considering the available power devices with
limited performance at that time. One of such example can be found in the application of Superconducting a
Magnetic Energy Storage System (SMES). The current stress of such application is extremely high, yet certain
system performance still need to be met. On the ac side, the total harmonic distortion (THD) in voltages and
currents of the regulatory standards must be respected. A further constraint comes from the switching loss that is
proportional to the valve switching frequency. The proposed solution in the referred paper consists of using
multiple interleaved three-phase current-source converters. With this multi modular converter the current stress
can be divided to a level that can be handled by gate turn-off thyristor (GTO), the static induction thyristor (SI),
etc, and reduces the ohmic component of their conduction losses. The results shows interleaving technique was
applied quite successful in this application. Such examples also can be found in many other applications, such as
Static VAR Generator (SVG), high voltage direct current (HVDC) applications, etc.
Interleaving technique was also investigated in the early days for the smaller power spacecraft, satellite
or avionic applications, and was introduced as unconventional SMPS power stage architecture. In such
applications, one major concern is the input and output filters rely almost exclusively on tantalum capacitors due
to the highest available energy-storage-to-volume ratio at that time. However, the ESR of this filter capacitor
causes high level thermal stress from the high switching pulsed current. The input and output filter capacitance
is usually determined by the required number of capacitors sufficient to handle the dissipation losses due to the
ripple current. Interleaving multiple converters can significantly reduce the switching pulsed current go through
the filter capacitor. By properly choosing the channel number with considering the duty cycle, the ripple current
may be reduced to zero. Furthermore, interleaving increases the ripple Frequency to be n (n is the total channel
number) times the individual switching frequency. The ESR of the tantalum capacitors is inversely proportional
to the frequency.
Fig: 3.1. Circuit diagram of IBC
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IV. MICROPROCESSOR
This Versatile programmer is a dedicated PIC Micro controller Programmer. All the PIC series of IC’s
except the 17 series can be programmed with this Hardware through RS232 Port of PC. This programmer also
supports ICSP programming for on board programming of supported flash PIC devices. MPLAB IDE, PIC
CCS C compiler Demo software with MPLAB Plug-in, and programming instructions are provided in CD-
ROM. The programmer software is compatible to Windows 98, Windows 2000, and Windows XP platforms.
A Soft copy of the user manual is also included in the CD, in addition to the hard copy provided with the Kit.
This Dedicated programmer is for programming a wide range of PIC Micro controllers including EEPROMS,
PIC12 series, PIC16 series & PIC18 series of IC’s.
4.1.SPECIFICATIONS
Auto detection of programmer by software
Regulated Power supply 5,13.5V
Auto Flash upgrades through serial port
16 MHz crystal Oscillator
Built in RS232 connector
ZIF socket for easy programming
External ICSP Interface for on board programming
Programmable configuration and ID
Selective Erase and programming for supported PIC Devices
Manual / Auto Reset
Configurable COM Port.
Program, Read, Verify and Blank check Modes
Hex Code Editor
Program & Verify fly Window
Switchable to MPLAB software
Extensive Integrated Help
Debug vector Read & write
Oscal value read & program (for selected chips)
4.2. MPLAB
MPLAB Integrated Development Environment (IDE) is a free, integrated toolset for the development
of embedded applications on Microchip's PIC and dsPIC microcontrollers.
HI-TECH Software is an Australian-based company that provides ANSI C compilers and development
tools. Founded in 1984, the company is best known for its HI-TECH C PRO compilers with whole-program
compilation technology, or Omniscient Code Generation (OCG). HI-TECH Software was bought by Microchip
on 20 February 2009, whereupon it refocused its development effort exclusively on supporting Microchip
products.
The HI-TECH C Compiler for PIC10/12/16 MCUs (Lite mode) is a freeware compiler. It supports all
PIC10, PIC12 and PIC16 series devices. The features of HI-TECH C Compiler are listed as followings:
Fully compatible with Microchip’s MPLAB IDE
Fully ANSI-compliant
Includes Library source - for standard libraries and sample code for I/O drivers
Includes macro assembler, linker, preprocessor, and one-step driver
Runs on 32/64-bit Windows, Linux and Mac OS X
4.3. PROTEUS
This package splits into three parts very conveniently namely: -
ISIS : Intelligent Schematic Input System - for drawing circuit diagrams etc.
ARES : Advanced Routing and Editing Software - for producing pcb layout drawings.
LISA : Lab center Integrated Simulation Architecture - for simulation of circuit diagram. Separate handout.
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4.3.1. PROTUES Virtual System Modelling (VSM)
PROTUES combines advanced schematic capture, mixed mode SPICE simulation, PCB layout and
autorouting to make a complete electronic design system. The PROTUES product range also includes our
revolutionary VSM technology, which allow you to simulate micro-controller based design, complete with all
the surrounding electronic.
4.3.2.Intelligent Schematic Input System (ISIS)
ISIS lies right at the heart of the PROTUES system and is far more than just another schematic
package. It has powerful environment to control most aspects of the drawing appearance. whether your
requirement is the rapid entry of complex design for simulation & PCB layout, Or the creation of attractive
Schematic for publication ISIS is the right tool for the job.
Product Features
1. Produces publication quality schematic style templates allow customization of supplied library
2. Mouse driven context sensitive user interface automatic wire routing and junction dot placement
3. Full support for buses including sub- circuit ports and bus pins large and growing component library of
over 8000 parts
4.4 CONTROLLER UNIT:
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4.5.MOSFET:
A cross section through an n-MOSFET when the gate voltage VGS is below the threshold for making a
conductive channel; there is little or no conduction between the terminals source and drain; the switch is off.
When the gate is more positive, it attracts electrons, inducing an n-type conductive channel in the substrate
below the oxide, which allows electrons to flow between the n-doped terminals; the switch is on.
The metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET, MOS-FET, or MOS FET) is a
transistor used for amplifying or switching electronic signals. The basic principle of this kind of transistor was
first patented by Julius Edgar Lilienfeld in 1925. Twenty five years later, when Bell Telephone attempted to
patent the junction transistor, they found Lilienfeld already holding a patent which was worded in a way that
would include all types of transistors. Bell Labs was able to work out an agreement with Lilienfeld, who was
still alive at that time. (It is not known if they paid him money or not.) It was at that time the Bell Labs version
was given the name bipolar junction transistor, or simply junction transistor, and Lilienfeld's design took the
name field effect transistor.
In MOSFETs, a voltage on the oxide-insulated gate electrode can induce a conducting channel between
the two other contacts called source and drain. The channel can be of n-type or p-type (see article on
semiconductor devices), and is accordingly called an nMOSFET or a pMOSFET (also commonly nMOS,
pMOS). It is by far the most common transistor in both digital and analog circuits, though the bipolar junction
transistor was at one time much more common. The 'metal' in the name is now often a misnomer because the
previously metal gate material is now often a layer of polysilicon (polycrystalline silicon). Aluminium had been
the gate material until the mid 1970s, when polysilicon became dominant, due to its capability to form self-
aligned gates. Metallic gates are regaining popularity, since it is difficult to increase the speed of operation of
transistors without metal gates.
An insulated-gate field-effect transistor or IGFET is a related term almost synonymous with MOSFET. The
term may be more inclusive, since many "MOSFETs" use a gate that is not metal, and a gate insulator that is not
oxide. Another synonym is MISFET for metal–insulator–semiconductor FET. Usually the semiconductor of
choice is silicon, but some chip manufacturers, most notably IBM and Intel, recently started using a chemical
compound of silicon and germanium (SiGe) in MOSFET channels. Unfortunately, many semiconductors with
better electrical properties than silicon, such as gallium arsenide, do not form good semiconductor-to-insulator
interfaces, thus are not suitable for MOSFETs. Research continues on creating insulators with acceptable
electrical characteristics on other semiconductor material.
In order to overcome the increase in power consumption due to gate current leakage, a high dielectric is
used instead of silicon dioxide for the gate insulator, while polysilicon is replaced by metal gates. The gate is
separated from the channel by a thin insulating layer, traditionally of silicon dioxide and later of silicon
oxynitride. Some companies have started to introduce a high-κ dielectric + metal gate combination in the 45
nanometer node. When a voltage is applied between the gate and body terminals, the electric field generated
penetrates through the oxide and creates an "inversion layer" or "channel" at the semiconductor-insulator
interface. The inversion channel is of the same type, p-type or n-type, as the source and drain, thus it provides a
channel through which current can pass. Varying the voltage between the gate and body modulates the
conductivity of this layer and thereby controls the current flow between drain and source.
The Power MOSFET switch IRF840 is used. A Power MOSFET is a specific type of metal oxide
semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) designed to handle significant power levels. Compared to the
other power semiconductor devices (IGBT, Thyristor...), its main advantages are high commutation speed and
good efficiency at low voltages. It shares with the IGBT an isolated gate that makes it easy to drive. It was made
possible by the evolution of CMOS technology, developed for manufacturing Integrated circuits in the late
1970s. The power MOSFET shares its operating principle with its low-power counterpart, the lateral MOSFET.
The power MOSFET is the most widely used low-voltage (i.e. less than 200 V) switch. It can be found in most
power supplies, DC to DC converters, and low voltage motor controllers. Because of their unipolar nature, the
power MOSFET can switch at very high speed. Indeed, there is no need to remove minority carriers as with
bipolar devices. The only intrinsic limitation in commutation speed is due to the internal capacitances of the
MOSFET (see figure 4). These capacitances must be charged or discharged when the transistor switches. This
can be a relatively slow process because the current that flows through the gate capacitances is limited by the
external driver circuit. This circuit will actually dictate the commutation speed of the transistor (assuming the
power circuit has sufficiently low inductance).
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Fig 4.5.1. MOSFET
4.5.1ADVANTAGES
Silicon gate for fast switching speeds.
Low Rds(on) to minimize On-losses, specified at elevated temperature.
Rugged---SOA is power dissipation limited.
Source to drain diode characterized for use with inductive loads.
Dynamic dv/dt rating
Repetitive avalanche rated
Fast switching
Ease of paralleling
Simple drive requirements
Fig.4.5.2. IRF840
Fig.4.5.2. IRF840
TABLE 4.5: PRODUCT SUMMARY OF MOSFET
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Third generation Power MOSFETs from Vishay provide the designer with the best combination of fast
switching, ruggedized device design, low on-resistance and cost-effectiveness. The TO-220AB package is
universally preferred for all commercial-industrial applications at power dissipation levels to approximately 50
W. The low thermal resistance and low package cost of the TO-220AB contribute to its wide acceptance
throughout the industry.
This N-Channel enhancement mode silicon gate power field effect transistor is an advanced power
MOSFET designed, tested, and guaranteed to withstand a specified level of energy in the breakdown avalanche
mode of operation. All of these power MOSFETs are designed for applications such as switching regulators,
switching converters, motor drivers, relay drivers, and drivers for high power bipolar switching transistors
requiring high speed and low gate drive power. These types can be operated directly from integrated circuits.
Features
Ids= 8A; Vds=500V ;Rds(on)= 0.850Ω
Single Pulse Avalanche Energy Rated
SOA is Power Dissipation Limited
Nanosecond Switching Speeds
Linear Transfer Characteristics
High Input Impedance
4.6 PHERIPHERAL INTERFACE
4.6.1 MOSFET GATE DRIVER
The High And Low Side Driver (IR2110) is a high voltage, high speed power MOSFET and IGBT driver
with independent high and low side referenced output channels. Proprietary HVIC and latch immune CMOS
technologies enable ruggedized monolithic construction. Logic inputs are compatible with standard CMOS or
LSTTL outputs, down to 3.3V logic. The output drivers feature a high pulse current buffer stage designed for
minimum driver cross conduction. Propagation delays are matched to simplify use in high frequency
applications. The floating channel can be used to drive an N-channel power MOSFET or IGBT in the high side
configuration which operates up to 600 volts.
The driver circuit is used to drive the bi-directional converter switches where in this project the converter
acts as a shunt active filter (2-quadrant) for unity power factor operation and the dc voltage regulation. Here two
BJT’s (n-type and p-type) are used for amplification.
Fig.4.6.1DRIVER CKT IR2110
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Fig.4.6.2 Operation of the MOSFET gate driver
Fig.4.6.3. Driver Circuit operation
Fig.4.6. IR2110 Driver
4.7 POWER SUPPLY UNIT
Power Supply for PIC 16F877A Microcontroller
This section describes how to generate +5V DC power supply and +12V DC power supply.
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Fig4.7. Power Supply Unit
The power supply section is the important one. It should deliver constant output regulated power supply
for successful working of the project. A 0-12V/1mA transformer is used for this purpose. The primary of this
transformer is connected in to main supply through on/off switch& fuse for protecting from overload and short
circuit protection. The secondary is connected to the diodes to convert 12V AC to 12V DC voltage. And filtered
by the capacitors, which is further regulated to +5v, by using IC 7805 and +12v by using IC7812.
Fig: 4.7.1Regulator IC’s
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Fig.4.7.2. Regulators Unit
In electronics, a linear regulator is a component used to maintain a steady voltage. The resistance of the
regulator varies in accordance with the load resulting in a constant output voltage. In contrast, the switching
regulator is nothing more than just a simple switch. This switch goes on and off at a fixed rate usually between
50 kHz to 100 kHz as set by the circuit. The regulating device is made to act like a variable resistor,
continuously adjusting a voltage divider network to maintain a constant output voltage. The primary advantage
of a switching regulator over linear regulator is very high efficiency, a lot less heat and smaller size.
The transistor (or other device) is used as one half of a potential divider to establish the regulated
output voltage. The output voltage is compared to a reference voltage to produce a control signal to the
transistor which will drive its gate or base. With negative feedback and good choice of compensation, the output
voltage is kept reasonably constant. Linear regulators are often inefficient: since the transistor is acting like a
resistor, it will waste electrical energy by converting it to heat. In fact, the power loss due to heating in the
transistor is the current times the voltage dropped across the transistor. The same function can often be
performed much more efficiently by a switched-mode power supply, but a linear regulator may be preferred for
light loads or where the desired output voltage approaches the source voltage. In these cases, the linear regulator
may dissipate less power than a switcher. The linear regulator also has the advantage of not requiring magnetic
devices (inductors or transformers) which can be relatively expensive or bulky, being often of simpler design,
and being quieter. Linear regulators exist in two basic forms: series regulators and shunt regulators.
Series regulators are the more common form. The series regulator works by providing a path from the
supply voltage to the load through a variable resistance (the main transistor is in the "top half" of the voltage
divider). The power dissipated by the regulating device is equal to the power supply output current times the
voltage drop in the regulating device.
The shunt regulator works by providing a path from the supply voltage to ground through a variable
resistance (the main transistor is in the "bottom half" of the voltage divider). The current through the shunt
regulator is diverted away from the load and flows uselessly to ground, making this form even less efficient than
the series regulator. It is, however, simpler, sometimes consisting of just a voltage-reference diode, and is used
in very low-powered circuits where the wasted current is too small to be of concern. This form is very common
for voltage reference circuits.
All linear regulators require an input voltage at least some minimum amount higher than the desired output
voltage. That minimum amount is called the dropout voltage. For example, a common regulator such as the
7805 has an output voltage of 5V, but can only maintain this if the input voltage remains above about 7V, before
the output voltage begins sagging below the rated output. Its dropout voltage is therefore 7V - 5V = 2V. When
the supply voltage is less than about 2V above the desired output voltage, as is the case in low-voltage
microprocessor power supplies, so-called low dropout regulators (LDOs) must be used. When one wants an
output voltage higher than the available input voltage, no linear regulator will work (not even an LDO). In this
situation, a switching regulatorextension of the said two circuits. You will observe that you can infinitely
multiply the input voltage by following the pattern of repeatedly adding a series-connected rectifier-capacitor
combination. It's up to you to experiment on adding more diodes and capacitor to achieve the
desiredoutputvoltage.
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The above voltage quadrupler circuit uses minimum components to approximately multiply (quadrupler) the AC
voltage (Vin) across the input terminals. The resulting output voltage is DC (Direct Current). Capacitors, C2 and
C3, charges to double the value of Vin. The series combination of C2 and C3 produces a DC voltage equivalent
to two batteries connected in series. The result is an output DC voltage that is four times the value of Vin. The
voltage rating of the diodes and capacitors used should be within safe level, preferably, double the value of the
input voltage. You may use capacitance values of 1000mF or higher. The higher the value of the capacitance,
the smoother (non-fluctuating) the resulting output DC voltage.
IV. SIMULATION
MATLAB is a high-performance language for technical computing. It integrates computation, visualization,
and programming in an easy-to-use environment where problems and solutions are expressed in familiar
mathematical notation. Typical uses include
Math and computation.
Algorithm development.
Data acquisition.
Modeling, simulation, and prototyping.
Data analysis, exploration, and visualization.
Scientific and engineering graphics.
Application development, including graphical user interface building.
MATLAB is an interactive system whose basic data element is an array that does not require
dimensioning. This allows you to solve many technical computing problems, especially those with matrix and
vector formulations, in a fraction of the time it would take to write a program in a scalar non interactive
language such as C or FORTRAN.
The name MATLAB stands for matrix laboratory. MATLAB was originally written to provide easy
access to matrix software developed by the LINPACK and EISPACK projects. Today, MATLAB engines
incorporate the LAPACK and BLAS libraries, embedding the state of the art in software for matrix computation
MATLAB has evolved over a period of years with input from many users. In university environments,
it is the standard instructional tool for introductory and advanced courses in mathematics, engineering, and
science. In industry, MATLAB is the tool of choice for high-productivity research, development, and analysis.
MATLAB features a family of add-on application-specific solutions called toolboxes .Very important
to most users of MATLAB, toolboxes allow you to learn and apply specialized technology. Toolboxes are
comprehensive collections of MATLAB functions (M-files) that extend the MATLAB environment to solve
particular classes of problems. Areas in which toolboxes are available include signal processing, control
Systems, neural networks, fuzzy logic, wavelets, simulation, and many others.
Output Voltage & Current
Fig: 4.1.Output and load voltage of matlab simulation
14. High Step-Up Converter with Voltage Multiplier Module for Renewable Energy System
www.irjes.com 21 | Page
V. CONCLUSIONS
This paper has presented the theoretical analysis of steady state, related consideration, simulation
results, and experimental results for the proposed converter. The proposed converter has successfully
implemented an efficient high step-up conversion through the voltage multiplier module. The interleaved
structure reduces the input current ripple and distributes the current through each component. In addition, the
lossless passive clamp function recycles the leakage energy and constrains a large voltage spike across the
power switch. Meanwhile, the voltage stress on the power switch is restricted and much lower than the output
voltage (380 V). Furthermore, the full-load efficiency is 96.4% at Po = 1000 W, and the highest efficiency is
97.1% at Po = 400 W. Thus, the proposed converter is suitable for high-power or renewable energy applications
that need high step-up conversion.
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