The negative impacts or side effects of a damper circuit insertion in an LCL passive filter utilized to filter DC/AC inverters output voltage is presented in this paper. For comparative study, this paper discusses two damping configurations, namely series and parallel damping, as well as the LCL filter without damping element. Four criteria are used to explore the impacts of the damper circuits, i.e. their total harmonic distortions (THDs), the output voltage amplitude, the output power and the power efficiency. Theoretically and emphirically shown by previous studies, the damper can indeed reduce the peak resonance frequency of the filter in its frequency response curve. However, in any circumstance, it can potentially reduce the inverters power and efficiency, voltage output amplitude, and cannot improve its THD reduction. The analysis results have shown that the side effects depends also on the load conditions, which are different for each damping circuit configuration.
DESIGN OF THE ELECTRONIC LOAD CONTROLLER USING MICRO CONTROLLER BASED ZERO CR...elelijjournal
Small hydro power plant project (SHPP) a significant role in renewable energy sector in several countries, Especially Indonesia, among different categories, community based and estate based hydro projects use electric load control technology since it can be locally manufactured, easily to installation and the low cost. For example; constant voltage and frequency in Self-Excited Induction Generator (SEIG). In this method, the principle of phase angle control of back to back thyristor is used. A thyristor is fired at a specific delay angle relative to the zero voltage crossing of the sine wave. A thyristor commutates at zero crossing, will be occurs a twice the frequency and generates total harmonic distortion about of 40% in current with added reactive power burden. This scheme can continuously vary the dump power over nearly the entire range from zero to full load as the delay angle varies from 0 to 180 degree.
This paper presents the design and the implementation of a new microcontroller-based solar
Power inverter. The aim of this paper is to design single phase inverter which can convert DC voltage
to AC voltage at high efficiency and low cost. Solar and wind powered electricity generation are
being favored nowadays as the world increasingly focuses on environmental concerns. Power
inverters, which convert solar-cell DC into domestic-use AC, are one of the key technologies for
delivering efficient AC power The hardware and software design are oriented towards a single-chip
microcontroller-based system, hence minimizing the size and cost. With this new approach the
modularization of the conversion from solar power to electric power at its maximum power point can
be made more compact and more reliable.
Proposed PV Transformer-Less Inverter Topology Technique for Leakage Current ...IJPEDS-IAES
Importance and demand of using renewable energy is dramatically escalated globally. Hence, the use of renewable energy is going to touch in peak. This demand is varying according to the site choosing. For instance, Wind is preferable where air is following highly as well as solar recommended place is high sun ray reducing places. Especially, the renewable system is highly recommended for electrification issues where it’s possible to produce the electricity for fulfilling rural and remote areas electricity problem. The photovoltaic (PV) panel of connecting with transformer based system is popular where some limitations are occurred especially cost and weight. In contrast, in this paper is focusing these issues where the transformer-less inverter system is used. Here will discuss some transformer-based and transformer-less inverter topologies and the leakage current issue which is occurred when transformer-less inverter system is used. Moreover, here is proposed a topology for reducing the leakage current after doing switching technique in both 50% and 75% duty cycle where output voltage remains quite same.
SIMULATION AND ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT MPPT ALGORITHMS FOR PV SYSTEMIAEME Publication
Photovoltaic (PV) system isa renewable form of energy, using direct sunlight and converting it into electrical power PV cells which are coupled as an array to generate usable electrical energy constitute the most critical parts of this system. Electronic converters are required to transform the output of system current &voltage into an appropriate form if consider the situation of system load & its requirements. The electronic converter more typically employed is a DC-DC converter with a solar cell low voltage generating high voltage. This paper looks at the DC/DC converters & PV system with references to both cases: the first case is, The design of the system as a loop system closed in the first case because the system's scenario is dependent on an different types of algorithm separately for MPPT, that captures the sunlight higher amount to produce the highest optimized electrical power. Although the system was created with MPPT in mind, the simulation was carried out with different a controller such as P&O, PSO, Inc and fuzzy logic. The simulation& execution results for such instances are shown to demonstrate the ability of o/p voltage to return to steady-state if the input voltage impact changed. There is also evidence of a brief settling time & overshoot in the output voltage return and comparative result shown that PSO and fuzzy algorithm found accepted results means best result compassion with the existing algorithm. This optimization was carried out with the assistance of MATLAB 2018(a)
Interleaved Boost Converter Fed with PV for Induction Motor/Agricultural Appl...IAES-IJPEDS
In present Electricity market Renewable Energy Sources (RES) are gaining much importance. The most common Renewable Energy Sources are Photo voltaic (PV), fuel cell (FC) and wind energy systems, out of these three PV systems PV system can implemented in most of the locations. Due to the power cuts and power disturbances in Distribution systems agriculture application is concentrated on PV based Energy system. The use of PV system is increasing day by day in agriculture application, due to their ease of control and flexibility. PV Electrification schemes also involves various subsidies in government national and international donors. Especially in Agriculture field by use of PV one can achieve higher subsidy. The output of PV system is low voltage DC to have high efficiency. The motors used in agriculture field are Induction Motors (IM) fed from Three phase AC supply, to boost the PV output we need a high voltage gain boost converter along with PWM inverter to Induction motor drive. Out of various DC-DC converter configurations interleaved boost converter is gaining much attention, due to its reduction in size and Electromagnetic Interference (EMI). In this work we are proposing a PV fed interleaved boost converter with PWM inverter for agriculture applications. The design process of interleaved boost converter is explain detail and compared with existing boost converter. A 10 KW Power rating is choosing for the Induction motor drive and design calculations are carried out. A MATLAB/SIMULINK based model is developed for boost and interleaved boost converter and simulation results are presented, finally a scaled down hardware circuit design for interleaved boost converter and results are presented.
DESIGN OF THE ELECTRONIC LOAD CONTROLLER USING MICRO CONTROLLER BASED ZERO CR...elelijjournal
Small hydro power plant project (SHPP) a significant role in renewable energy sector in several countries, Especially Indonesia, among different categories, community based and estate based hydro projects use electric load control technology since it can be locally manufactured, easily to installation and the low cost. For example; constant voltage and frequency in Self-Excited Induction Generator (SEIG). In this method, the principle of phase angle control of back to back thyristor is used. A thyristor is fired at a specific delay angle relative to the zero voltage crossing of the sine wave. A thyristor commutates at zero crossing, will be occurs a twice the frequency and generates total harmonic distortion about of 40% in current with added reactive power burden. This scheme can continuously vary the dump power over nearly the entire range from zero to full load as the delay angle varies from 0 to 180 degree.
This paper presents the design and the implementation of a new microcontroller-based solar
Power inverter. The aim of this paper is to design single phase inverter which can convert DC voltage
to AC voltage at high efficiency and low cost. Solar and wind powered electricity generation are
being favored nowadays as the world increasingly focuses on environmental concerns. Power
inverters, which convert solar-cell DC into domestic-use AC, are one of the key technologies for
delivering efficient AC power The hardware and software design are oriented towards a single-chip
microcontroller-based system, hence minimizing the size and cost. With this new approach the
modularization of the conversion from solar power to electric power at its maximum power point can
be made more compact and more reliable.
Proposed PV Transformer-Less Inverter Topology Technique for Leakage Current ...IJPEDS-IAES
Importance and demand of using renewable energy is dramatically escalated globally. Hence, the use of renewable energy is going to touch in peak. This demand is varying according to the site choosing. For instance, Wind is preferable where air is following highly as well as solar recommended place is high sun ray reducing places. Especially, the renewable system is highly recommended for electrification issues where it’s possible to produce the electricity for fulfilling rural and remote areas electricity problem. The photovoltaic (PV) panel of connecting with transformer based system is popular where some limitations are occurred especially cost and weight. In contrast, in this paper is focusing these issues where the transformer-less inverter system is used. Here will discuss some transformer-based and transformer-less inverter topologies and the leakage current issue which is occurred when transformer-less inverter system is used. Moreover, here is proposed a topology for reducing the leakage current after doing switching technique in both 50% and 75% duty cycle where output voltage remains quite same.
SIMULATION AND ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT MPPT ALGORITHMS FOR PV SYSTEMIAEME Publication
Photovoltaic (PV) system isa renewable form of energy, using direct sunlight and converting it into electrical power PV cells which are coupled as an array to generate usable electrical energy constitute the most critical parts of this system. Electronic converters are required to transform the output of system current &voltage into an appropriate form if consider the situation of system load & its requirements. The electronic converter more typically employed is a DC-DC converter with a solar cell low voltage generating high voltage. This paper looks at the DC/DC converters & PV system with references to both cases: the first case is, The design of the system as a loop system closed in the first case because the system's scenario is dependent on an different types of algorithm separately for MPPT, that captures the sunlight higher amount to produce the highest optimized electrical power. Although the system was created with MPPT in mind, the simulation was carried out with different a controller such as P&O, PSO, Inc and fuzzy logic. The simulation& execution results for such instances are shown to demonstrate the ability of o/p voltage to return to steady-state if the input voltage impact changed. There is also evidence of a brief settling time & overshoot in the output voltage return and comparative result shown that PSO and fuzzy algorithm found accepted results means best result compassion with the existing algorithm. This optimization was carried out with the assistance of MATLAB 2018(a)
Interleaved Boost Converter Fed with PV for Induction Motor/Agricultural Appl...IAES-IJPEDS
In present Electricity market Renewable Energy Sources (RES) are gaining much importance. The most common Renewable Energy Sources are Photo voltaic (PV), fuel cell (FC) and wind energy systems, out of these three PV systems PV system can implemented in most of the locations. Due to the power cuts and power disturbances in Distribution systems agriculture application is concentrated on PV based Energy system. The use of PV system is increasing day by day in agriculture application, due to their ease of control and flexibility. PV Electrification schemes also involves various subsidies in government national and international donors. Especially in Agriculture field by use of PV one can achieve higher subsidy. The output of PV system is low voltage DC to have high efficiency. The motors used in agriculture field are Induction Motors (IM) fed from Three phase AC supply, to boost the PV output we need a high voltage gain boost converter along with PWM inverter to Induction motor drive. Out of various DC-DC converter configurations interleaved boost converter is gaining much attention, due to its reduction in size and Electromagnetic Interference (EMI). In this work we are proposing a PV fed interleaved boost converter with PWM inverter for agriculture applications. The design process of interleaved boost converter is explain detail and compared with existing boost converter. A 10 KW Power rating is choosing for the Induction motor drive and design calculations are carried out. A MATLAB/SIMULINK based model is developed for boost and interleaved boost converter and simulation results are presented, finally a scaled down hardware circuit design for interleaved boost converter and results are presented.
A non-isolated tri-port converter is a fully compact and functional system by the integration of basic converters. This can be used for renewable energy applications. This converter is capable of achieving different switching patterns of power flow between the source and load, interfaced sources of various voltage and current levels with the dc grid. This tri-port converter has to be used for continuous power distribution of rechargeable battery, photovoltaic panels and load. Due to the implementation of this dc-dc converter some operations like buck, boost and buck-boost operations became easy. Use of this converter helps in easy implementation of the system. The solar PV panel implementation boosts the system to a high level and bidirectional flow became easy from source to load and vice versa.
The power generation using solar photovoltaic (PV) system in microgrid requires energy storage system due to their dilute and intermittent nature. The system requires efficient control techniques to ensure the reliable operation of the microgrid. This work presents dynamic power management using a decentralized approach. The control techniques in microgrid including droop controllers in cascade with proportional-integral (PI) controllers for voltage stability and power balance have few limitations. PI controllers alone will not ensure microgrid’s stability. Their parameters cannot be optimized for varying demand and have a slow transient response which increases the settling time. The droop controllers have lower efficiency. The load power variation and steady-state voltage error make the droop control ineffective. This paper presents a control scheme for dynamic power management by incorporating the combined PI and hysteresis controller (CPIHC) technique. The system becomes robust, performs well under varying demand conditions, and shows a faster dynamic response. The proposed DC microgrid has solar PV as an energy source, a lead-acid battery as the energy storage system, constant and dynamic loads. The simulation results show the proposed CPIHC technique efficiently manages the dynamic power, regulates DC link voltage and battery’s state of charge (SoC) compared to conventional combined PI and droop controller (CPIDC).
Open-Delta VSC Based Voltage Controller in Isolated Power SystemsIJPEDS-IAES
This paper proposes a reduced switch voltage source converter (VSC)
topology implemented as a voltage controller in isolated power systems. In
isolated power systems generally self-excited induction generators (SEIG)
are used mainly for their ruggedness and economic reasons. Mostly for
constant power applications such as pico hydro uncontrolled turbine driven
self excited induction generators feeding three-phase loads are employed.
The proposed reduced switch voltage controller is used to regulate and
control the voltage at the generator terminals as it is subjected to voltage
drops, dips or flickers when the isolated power system is subjected to various
critical loads. In this paper the controller is realized using a three-leg fourswitch
insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) based current controlled
voltage-source converter (CC-VSC) and a self-supporting dc bus containing
two split capacitors, thus reducing the IGBT count and hence cost. This
reduced switch topology forms an Open-Delta type converter. The proposed
generating system along with the controller is modeled and simulated in
MATLAB along with Simulink and power system blockset (PSB) toolboxes.
The system is simulated and the capability of the isolated generating system
along with the reduced switch based voltage controller is presented here
where the generator feeds linear and non-linear loads are investigated.
Performance enhancement of DC/DC converters for solar powered EV IJECEIAES
The paper initially presents the essential drive arrangement required for electric vehicle. It requests high power bidirectional stream ability, with wide info voltage range, and yield voltage of vitality stockpiling gadgets, for example, super capacitors or batteries shift with the adjustment in stack. At that point the tenacity and outline of previously mentioned converter is proposed in this paper. The converter which relates a half extension topology, has high power stream ability and least gadget focuses on that can appropriately interface a super capacitor with the drive prepare of a crossover electric vehicle. Besides, by contrasting the fundamental qualities and applications with some ordinary bidirectional DC/DC converter, the proposed converter has low gadget rating and can be controlled by obligation cycle and stage move. Finally, the most essential attributes of this converter is that it utilizes the transformer spillage inductance as the essential vitality exchange component and control parameters, Simulation waveforms in light of MATLAB recreation are given to exhibit the integrity of this novel topology, and this converter is additionally reasonable for high power application, specifically to control the charge-release of super capacitors or batteries that can be utilized as a part of cross breed solar based electric vehicle.
Improved Power Quality by using STATCOM Under Various Loading ConditionsIJMTST Journal
A Power quality problem is an occurrence manifested as a nonstandard voltage, current or frequency that
results in a failure or a mis-operation of end user equipment’s. Utility distribution networks, sensitive
industrial loads and critical commercial operations suffer from various types of outages and service
interruptions which can cost significant financial losses. With the restructuring of power systems and with
shifting trend towards distributed and dispersed generation, the issue of power quality is going to take
newer dimensions. Injection of the wind power into an electric grid affects the power quality. The
performance of the wind turbine and thereby power quality are determined on the basis of measurements
and the norms followed according to the guideline specified in International Electro-technical Commission
standard, IEC-61400. The influence of the wind turbine in the grid system concerning the power quality
measurements are-the active power, reactive power, variation of voltage, flicker, harmonics, and electrical
behavior of switching operation and these are measured according to national/international guidelines.
Static Compensator (STATCOM) is connected at a point of common coupling with a battery energy storage
system (BESS) to mitigate the power quality issues. The battery energy storage is integrated to sustain the
real power source under fluctuating wind power. Here two control schemes for STATCOM are Fuzzy logic
controller and hybrid Fuzzy logic controller. We can better response for hybrid fuzzy compare to fuzzy logic
controller. The STATCOM control scheme for the grid connected wind energy generation system for power
quality improvement is simulated using MATLAB/SIMULINK in power system block set. Finally the proposed
scheme is applied for both balanced and unbalanced linear nonlinear loads.
Contents of this presenation entitled 'Introduction of different Energy storage systems used in Electric & Hybrid vehicles' is useful for beginners and students
Harvesting energy from the sun makes the photovoltaic (PV) power generation a promising technology. To obtain a consistent state of charge (SOC), consistent energy must be harvested and efficiently directed to the battery. Overcharging or undercharging phenomena decreases the lifetime of the battery. Besides, the effect of irradiance toward solar in term of sunlight intensity effects the efficiency and hence, sluggish the SOC. The main problem of the solar panel revealed when the temperature has increased, the efficiency of solar panel will also be decreased. This manuscript reports the finding of developing an automatic active cooling system for a solar panel with a real time energy monitoring system with internet-of-things (IoT) facility. The IoT technology assists user to measure the efficiency of the solar panel and SOC of the battery in real time from any locations. The automatic active cooling system is designed to improve the efficiency of the solar panel. The effectiveness of the proposed system is proven via the analysis of the effect of active cooling toward efficiency and SOC of photovoltaic system. The results also tabulate the comparative studies of active-to-passive cooling system, as well as the effect of cooling towards SOC and efficiency of the solar panel.
This paper provides a new approach to reducing high-order harmonics in 400 Hz inverter using a three-level neutral-point clamped (NPC) converter. A voltage control loop using the harmonic compensation combined with NPC clamping diode control technology. The capacitor voltage imbalance also causes harmonics in the output voltage. For 400 Hz inverter, maintain a balanced voltage between the two input (direct current) (DC) capacitors is difficult because the pulse width modulation (PWM) modulation frequency ratio is low compared to the frequency of the output voltage. A method of determining the current flowing into the capacitor to control the voltage on the two balanced capacitors to ensure fast response reversal is also given in this paper. The combination of a high-harmonic resonator controller and a neutral-point voltage controller working together on the 400 Hz NPC inverter structure is given in this paper.
A Novel Three Phase Multi-string Multilevel Inverter with High DC-DC Closed o...rnvsubbarao koppineni
this inverter reduces
number power devices and high performances.
Before this inverter provide a high step up DC-DC
converter with PI controller for better conversion
efficiency and to improve the output dc voltage of
varies renewable energy sources. This multi-string
multilevel inverter consists of six switches only
instead of eight switches in cascaded H-bridge
multilevel inverter in order to reduce conversion
losses. The main objective of this paper is to save
cost and size by removing any kind of transformer
as well as reducing the power devices
This paper presents a novel simplied PWM technique to drive switched capacitor type multi-level inverter fed from isolated type DC-DC converter for distributed generation. Distributed generation (DG) is renowned power generation at point of utility with no environmental aects and reduces transmission line losses. Photo-voltaic system is considered as renewable energy source for DG and the low voltage from PV system is boosted to required voltage using an isolated type single-input multi-output (SIMO) DC-DC converter. DC output from isolated SIMO DC-DC converter is fed to switched capacitor type multi-level inverter (SC-MLI) to feed the AC load. Isolated SIMO DC-DC converter apart from boosting the DG output voltage, also eliminates the problem of voltage unbalancing in SC-MLI topology. Closed loop operation of SIMO DC-DC converter employs only single PI controller instead of three controllers was presented in this paper. Modes of operation of SC-MLI and Novel PWM switching pattern was explained. Simulation of proposed system was developed using MATLAB/SIMULINK software. The prototype was developed for the proposed system and hardware results are also shown.
A hybrid DC/DC/AC converter connected to the grid without a three-phase transformer is controlled. The decentralized control method is applied to the hybrid DC-DC converter such that the maximum power of PV flows to the grid side. This controller must charge and discharge the battery at the proper time. It must also regulate DC-link voltage. An additional advantage of the proposed control is that the three-phase inverter does not need a separate controller such as PWM and SPWM. A simple technique is used for creating the desired phase shift in the three-phase inverter, which makes the active and reactive power of the inverter controllable. A new configuration is also proposed to transmit and manage the generation power of PV. In this scheme, the battery and fuel cell are employed as an auxiliary source to manage the generation power of PV. Finally, a real-time simulation is performed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed controller and system by considering the real characteristics of PV and FC.
Comparative of Conventional and Intelligence Controller based Hybrid Generati...IJERD Editor
Harmonic pollution of the power supply system has risen significantly in recent years due primarily
to an increase of non-linear loads connected to the utility through residential, commercial and industrial
customers. This paper, proposed a solution to eliminate the harmonics introduced by the nonlinear loads in
steady and in transients. It presents a predictive current control strategy for achieving maximum benefits from
these grid-interfacing inverters implementing conventional DC link controller and intelligence controller, when
installed in 3-phase 4-leg voltage source inverter (VSI). The inverter is controlled to perform as a multi-function
device by incorporating active power filter functionality. The use of a four-leg voltage-source inverter allows
the compensation of current harmonic components, as well as unbalanced current generated by three-phase
nonlinear loads. Renewable energy resources (RES) are being increasingly connected in distribution systems
utilizing power electronic converters. The compensation performance of the proposed active power filter and the
associated hybrid PV/Wind system generation scheme with new control scheme is demonstrated to improve the
power quality features is simulated using MATLAB/SIMULINK.
The electrical distribution network is undergoing tremendous modifications with the introduction of distributed generation technologies which have led to an increase in fault current levels in the distribution network. Fault current limiters have been developed as a promising technology to limit fault current levels in power systems. Though, quite a number of fault current limiters have been developed; the most common are the superconducting fault current limiters, solid-state fault current limiters, and saturated core fault current limiters. These fault current limiters present potential fault current limiting solutions in power systems. Nevertheless, they encounter various challenges hindering their deployment and commercialization. This research aimed at designing a bridge-type nonsuperconducting fault current limiter with a novel topology for distribution network applications. The proposed bridge-type nonsuperconducting fault current limiter was designed and simulated using PSCAD/EMTDC. Simulation results showed the effectiveness of the proposed design in fault current limiting, voltage sag compensation during fault conditions, and its ability not to affect the load voltage and current during normal conditions as well as in suppressing the source powers during fault conditions. Simulation results also showed very minimal power loss by the fault current limiter during normal conditions.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Performance numerical evaluation of modified single-ended primary-inductor c...IJECEIAES
Single-ended primary-inductor converter (SEPIC) was considered a good alternative to a DC-DC converter for photovoltaic (PV) systems. The SEPIC converter can operate with an input voltage greater or less than the regulated output voltage, or as a step-up or step-down. As a step-up converter, SEPIC boosts PV voltage to specific levels. However, gain limitation and voltage stress continue to reduce the efficiency of conventional SEPIC converters. Because of this, researchers created a modified SEPIC converter to improve performance. In this paper, six modified SEPIC converters were compared and evaluated. To compare fairly, all modified SEPIC converters are nonisolated and use a single switch. Power simulator (PSIM) software was used to simulate each converter with a BISOL BMO-250 PV module and maximum power point tracking (MPPT) P&O controller. The converter with the highest static voltage gain and lowest duty cycle has been identified. It results in up to ten times voltage increment with a 0.8-duty ratio. All topologies have the same voltage stress, with maximum and minimum values of 30.1 and 29.5 V, respectively. On the other hand, each topology produces different average efficiencies, with the highest and lowest efficiency at 99.5% and 97.2%, respectively.
Hybrid bypass technique to mitigate leakage current in the grid-tied inverterIJECEIAES
The extensive use of fossil fuel is destroying the balance of nature that could lead to many problems in the forthcoming era. Renewable energy resources are a ray of hope to avoid possible destruction. Smart grid and distributed power generation systems are now mainly built with the help of renewable energy resources. The integration of renewable energy production system with the smart grid and distributed power generation is facing many challenges that include addressing the issue of isolation and power quality. This paper presents a new approach to address the aforementioned issues by proposing a hybrid bypass technique concept to improve the overall performance of the grid-tied inverter in solar power generation. The topology with the proposed technique is presented using traditional H5, oH5 and H6 inverter. Comparison of topologies with literature is carried out to check the feasibility of the method proposed. It is found that the leakage current of all the proposed inverters is 9 mA and total harmonic distortion is almost about 2%. The proposed topology has good efficiency, common mode and differential mode characteristics.
A non-isolated tri-port converter is a fully compact and functional system by the integration of basic converters. This can be used for renewable energy applications. This converter is capable of achieving different switching patterns of power flow between the source and load, interfaced sources of various voltage and current levels with the dc grid. This tri-port converter has to be used for continuous power distribution of rechargeable battery, photovoltaic panels and load. Due to the implementation of this dc-dc converter some operations like buck, boost and buck-boost operations became easy. Use of this converter helps in easy implementation of the system. The solar PV panel implementation boosts the system to a high level and bidirectional flow became easy from source to load and vice versa.
The power generation using solar photovoltaic (PV) system in microgrid requires energy storage system due to their dilute and intermittent nature. The system requires efficient control techniques to ensure the reliable operation of the microgrid. This work presents dynamic power management using a decentralized approach. The control techniques in microgrid including droop controllers in cascade with proportional-integral (PI) controllers for voltage stability and power balance have few limitations. PI controllers alone will not ensure microgrid’s stability. Their parameters cannot be optimized for varying demand and have a slow transient response which increases the settling time. The droop controllers have lower efficiency. The load power variation and steady-state voltage error make the droop control ineffective. This paper presents a control scheme for dynamic power management by incorporating the combined PI and hysteresis controller (CPIHC) technique. The system becomes robust, performs well under varying demand conditions, and shows a faster dynamic response. The proposed DC microgrid has solar PV as an energy source, a lead-acid battery as the energy storage system, constant and dynamic loads. The simulation results show the proposed CPIHC technique efficiently manages the dynamic power, regulates DC link voltage and battery’s state of charge (SoC) compared to conventional combined PI and droop controller (CPIDC).
Open-Delta VSC Based Voltage Controller in Isolated Power SystemsIJPEDS-IAES
This paper proposes a reduced switch voltage source converter (VSC)
topology implemented as a voltage controller in isolated power systems. In
isolated power systems generally self-excited induction generators (SEIG)
are used mainly for their ruggedness and economic reasons. Mostly for
constant power applications such as pico hydro uncontrolled turbine driven
self excited induction generators feeding three-phase loads are employed.
The proposed reduced switch voltage controller is used to regulate and
control the voltage at the generator terminals as it is subjected to voltage
drops, dips or flickers when the isolated power system is subjected to various
critical loads. In this paper the controller is realized using a three-leg fourswitch
insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) based current controlled
voltage-source converter (CC-VSC) and a self-supporting dc bus containing
two split capacitors, thus reducing the IGBT count and hence cost. This
reduced switch topology forms an Open-Delta type converter. The proposed
generating system along with the controller is modeled and simulated in
MATLAB along with Simulink and power system blockset (PSB) toolboxes.
The system is simulated and the capability of the isolated generating system
along with the reduced switch based voltage controller is presented here
where the generator feeds linear and non-linear loads are investigated.
Performance enhancement of DC/DC converters for solar powered EV IJECEIAES
The paper initially presents the essential drive arrangement required for electric vehicle. It requests high power bidirectional stream ability, with wide info voltage range, and yield voltage of vitality stockpiling gadgets, for example, super capacitors or batteries shift with the adjustment in stack. At that point the tenacity and outline of previously mentioned converter is proposed in this paper. The converter which relates a half extension topology, has high power stream ability and least gadget focuses on that can appropriately interface a super capacitor with the drive prepare of a crossover electric vehicle. Besides, by contrasting the fundamental qualities and applications with some ordinary bidirectional DC/DC converter, the proposed converter has low gadget rating and can be controlled by obligation cycle and stage move. Finally, the most essential attributes of this converter is that it utilizes the transformer spillage inductance as the essential vitality exchange component and control parameters, Simulation waveforms in light of MATLAB recreation are given to exhibit the integrity of this novel topology, and this converter is additionally reasonable for high power application, specifically to control the charge-release of super capacitors or batteries that can be utilized as a part of cross breed solar based electric vehicle.
Improved Power Quality by using STATCOM Under Various Loading ConditionsIJMTST Journal
A Power quality problem is an occurrence manifested as a nonstandard voltage, current or frequency that
results in a failure or a mis-operation of end user equipment’s. Utility distribution networks, sensitive
industrial loads and critical commercial operations suffer from various types of outages and service
interruptions which can cost significant financial losses. With the restructuring of power systems and with
shifting trend towards distributed and dispersed generation, the issue of power quality is going to take
newer dimensions. Injection of the wind power into an electric grid affects the power quality. The
performance of the wind turbine and thereby power quality are determined on the basis of measurements
and the norms followed according to the guideline specified in International Electro-technical Commission
standard, IEC-61400. The influence of the wind turbine in the grid system concerning the power quality
measurements are-the active power, reactive power, variation of voltage, flicker, harmonics, and electrical
behavior of switching operation and these are measured according to national/international guidelines.
Static Compensator (STATCOM) is connected at a point of common coupling with a battery energy storage
system (BESS) to mitigate the power quality issues. The battery energy storage is integrated to sustain the
real power source under fluctuating wind power. Here two control schemes for STATCOM are Fuzzy logic
controller and hybrid Fuzzy logic controller. We can better response for hybrid fuzzy compare to fuzzy logic
controller. The STATCOM control scheme for the grid connected wind energy generation system for power
quality improvement is simulated using MATLAB/SIMULINK in power system block set. Finally the proposed
scheme is applied for both balanced and unbalanced linear nonlinear loads.
Contents of this presenation entitled 'Introduction of different Energy storage systems used in Electric & Hybrid vehicles' is useful for beginners and students
Harvesting energy from the sun makes the photovoltaic (PV) power generation a promising technology. To obtain a consistent state of charge (SOC), consistent energy must be harvested and efficiently directed to the battery. Overcharging or undercharging phenomena decreases the lifetime of the battery. Besides, the effect of irradiance toward solar in term of sunlight intensity effects the efficiency and hence, sluggish the SOC. The main problem of the solar panel revealed when the temperature has increased, the efficiency of solar panel will also be decreased. This manuscript reports the finding of developing an automatic active cooling system for a solar panel with a real time energy monitoring system with internet-of-things (IoT) facility. The IoT technology assists user to measure the efficiency of the solar panel and SOC of the battery in real time from any locations. The automatic active cooling system is designed to improve the efficiency of the solar panel. The effectiveness of the proposed system is proven via the analysis of the effect of active cooling toward efficiency and SOC of photovoltaic system. The results also tabulate the comparative studies of active-to-passive cooling system, as well as the effect of cooling towards SOC and efficiency of the solar panel.
This paper provides a new approach to reducing high-order harmonics in 400 Hz inverter using a three-level neutral-point clamped (NPC) converter. A voltage control loop using the harmonic compensation combined with NPC clamping diode control technology. The capacitor voltage imbalance also causes harmonics in the output voltage. For 400 Hz inverter, maintain a balanced voltage between the two input (direct current) (DC) capacitors is difficult because the pulse width modulation (PWM) modulation frequency ratio is low compared to the frequency of the output voltage. A method of determining the current flowing into the capacitor to control the voltage on the two balanced capacitors to ensure fast response reversal is also given in this paper. The combination of a high-harmonic resonator controller and a neutral-point voltage controller working together on the 400 Hz NPC inverter structure is given in this paper.
A Novel Three Phase Multi-string Multilevel Inverter with High DC-DC Closed o...rnvsubbarao koppineni
this inverter reduces
number power devices and high performances.
Before this inverter provide a high step up DC-DC
converter with PI controller for better conversion
efficiency and to improve the output dc voltage of
varies renewable energy sources. This multi-string
multilevel inverter consists of six switches only
instead of eight switches in cascaded H-bridge
multilevel inverter in order to reduce conversion
losses. The main objective of this paper is to save
cost and size by removing any kind of transformer
as well as reducing the power devices
This paper presents a novel simplied PWM technique to drive switched capacitor type multi-level inverter fed from isolated type DC-DC converter for distributed generation. Distributed generation (DG) is renowned power generation at point of utility with no environmental aects and reduces transmission line losses. Photo-voltaic system is considered as renewable energy source for DG and the low voltage from PV system is boosted to required voltage using an isolated type single-input multi-output (SIMO) DC-DC converter. DC output from isolated SIMO DC-DC converter is fed to switched capacitor type multi-level inverter (SC-MLI) to feed the AC load. Isolated SIMO DC-DC converter apart from boosting the DG output voltage, also eliminates the problem of voltage unbalancing in SC-MLI topology. Closed loop operation of SIMO DC-DC converter employs only single PI controller instead of three controllers was presented in this paper. Modes of operation of SC-MLI and Novel PWM switching pattern was explained. Simulation of proposed system was developed using MATLAB/SIMULINK software. The prototype was developed for the proposed system and hardware results are also shown.
A hybrid DC/DC/AC converter connected to the grid without a three-phase transformer is controlled. The decentralized control method is applied to the hybrid DC-DC converter such that the maximum power of PV flows to the grid side. This controller must charge and discharge the battery at the proper time. It must also regulate DC-link voltage. An additional advantage of the proposed control is that the three-phase inverter does not need a separate controller such as PWM and SPWM. A simple technique is used for creating the desired phase shift in the three-phase inverter, which makes the active and reactive power of the inverter controllable. A new configuration is also proposed to transmit and manage the generation power of PV. In this scheme, the battery and fuel cell are employed as an auxiliary source to manage the generation power of PV. Finally, a real-time simulation is performed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed controller and system by considering the real characteristics of PV and FC.
Comparative of Conventional and Intelligence Controller based Hybrid Generati...IJERD Editor
Harmonic pollution of the power supply system has risen significantly in recent years due primarily
to an increase of non-linear loads connected to the utility through residential, commercial and industrial
customers. This paper, proposed a solution to eliminate the harmonics introduced by the nonlinear loads in
steady and in transients. It presents a predictive current control strategy for achieving maximum benefits from
these grid-interfacing inverters implementing conventional DC link controller and intelligence controller, when
installed in 3-phase 4-leg voltage source inverter (VSI). The inverter is controlled to perform as a multi-function
device by incorporating active power filter functionality. The use of a four-leg voltage-source inverter allows
the compensation of current harmonic components, as well as unbalanced current generated by three-phase
nonlinear loads. Renewable energy resources (RES) are being increasingly connected in distribution systems
utilizing power electronic converters. The compensation performance of the proposed active power filter and the
associated hybrid PV/Wind system generation scheme with new control scheme is demonstrated to improve the
power quality features is simulated using MATLAB/SIMULINK.
The electrical distribution network is undergoing tremendous modifications with the introduction of distributed generation technologies which have led to an increase in fault current levels in the distribution network. Fault current limiters have been developed as a promising technology to limit fault current levels in power systems. Though, quite a number of fault current limiters have been developed; the most common are the superconducting fault current limiters, solid-state fault current limiters, and saturated core fault current limiters. These fault current limiters present potential fault current limiting solutions in power systems. Nevertheless, they encounter various challenges hindering their deployment and commercialization. This research aimed at designing a bridge-type nonsuperconducting fault current limiter with a novel topology for distribution network applications. The proposed bridge-type nonsuperconducting fault current limiter was designed and simulated using PSCAD/EMTDC. Simulation results showed the effectiveness of the proposed design in fault current limiting, voltage sag compensation during fault conditions, and its ability not to affect the load voltage and current during normal conditions as well as in suppressing the source powers during fault conditions. Simulation results also showed very minimal power loss by the fault current limiter during normal conditions.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Performance numerical evaluation of modified single-ended primary-inductor c...IJECEIAES
Single-ended primary-inductor converter (SEPIC) was considered a good alternative to a DC-DC converter for photovoltaic (PV) systems. The SEPIC converter can operate with an input voltage greater or less than the regulated output voltage, or as a step-up or step-down. As a step-up converter, SEPIC boosts PV voltage to specific levels. However, gain limitation and voltage stress continue to reduce the efficiency of conventional SEPIC converters. Because of this, researchers created a modified SEPIC converter to improve performance. In this paper, six modified SEPIC converters were compared and evaluated. To compare fairly, all modified SEPIC converters are nonisolated and use a single switch. Power simulator (PSIM) software was used to simulate each converter with a BISOL BMO-250 PV module and maximum power point tracking (MPPT) P&O controller. The converter with the highest static voltage gain and lowest duty cycle has been identified. It results in up to ten times voltage increment with a 0.8-duty ratio. All topologies have the same voltage stress, with maximum and minimum values of 30.1 and 29.5 V, respectively. On the other hand, each topology produces different average efficiencies, with the highest and lowest efficiency at 99.5% and 97.2%, respectively.
Hybrid bypass technique to mitigate leakage current in the grid-tied inverterIJECEIAES
The extensive use of fossil fuel is destroying the balance of nature that could lead to many problems in the forthcoming era. Renewable energy resources are a ray of hope to avoid possible destruction. Smart grid and distributed power generation systems are now mainly built with the help of renewable energy resources. The integration of renewable energy production system with the smart grid and distributed power generation is facing many challenges that include addressing the issue of isolation and power quality. This paper presents a new approach to address the aforementioned issues by proposing a hybrid bypass technique concept to improve the overall performance of the grid-tied inverter in solar power generation. The topology with the proposed technique is presented using traditional H5, oH5 and H6 inverter. Comparison of topologies with literature is carried out to check the feasibility of the method proposed. It is found that the leakage current of all the proposed inverters is 9 mA and total harmonic distortion is almost about 2%. The proposed topology has good efficiency, common mode and differential mode characteristics.
This work highlights a modular power conditioning system (PCS) in photovoltaic (PV) applications which consists with a DC-DC converter. The converter is able to regulate and amplify the input DC voltage produced by the PV panal. The implementation of Mosfet as bidirectional switch on the converter yields greater conversion ratio and better voltage regulation than a conventional DC-DC step up converter and PWM resonant converter. It also reduces the switching losses on the output DC voltage of the converter, as the MOSFET switches on primary winding of converter switch on under ZVS conditions. The proposed resonant converter has been designed, with the modification of series resonant converter and PWM boost converter that utilizes the high frequency of AC bidirectional switch to eliminate the weaknesses of used converters. The topology of the proposed converter includes the mode of operations, designing procedure and components selection of the new converter elements. This topology provides a DC output voltage to the inverter at range of about 120Vac-208 Vac.
Harmonic enhancement in microgrid with applications on sensitive loadsIJECEIAES
Power quality issues are an important and growing problem in microgrid. There are two reasons; the more active consumer is participating in the power sector, the use of renewable energy which having a great impact on voltage variation. This paper discusses power quality disturbance and especially harmonic distortion issues in microgrid, and suggests a solution to maintain the operation of the distribution system within power quality standard. To protect sensitive loads from harmonics produced by the grid and by renewable energy sources, passive harmonic filter has been proposed in this paper. The electrical system of a nuclear research reactor as sensitive loads is designed by using Electrical Transient Analyzer Program (ETAP) software. The results show these technical issues are presented with their influence on electrical voltage and harmonic specter.
Analysis of Fuel Cell Based Multilevel DC-DC Boost Converter for Induction MotorIJMTST Journal
In this paper new topologies and interleaving modulation concepts for multilevel DC-DC boost converter
enabling a significantly less loss and a reduced chip size of the power semiconductors are proposed. The
distributed generation (DG) systems based on the renewable energy sources have rapidly developed in
recent years. These DG systems are powered by micro sources such as fuel cells, photovoltaic (PV) systems,
and batteries. Fuel cells are considered to be one of the most promising sources of distributed energy because
of their high efficiency, low environmental impact and scalability. Non-isolated high step-up DC-DC
converters are required in the industrial applications. Many of these conventional DC–DC converters have the
disadvantages of operating at high duty-cycle, high switch voltage stress and high diode peak current. A
three-level step up converter is implemented to boost the fuel cell stack voltage of 96V to 340V. The proposed
converter consists a system of fuel cell based Multilevel DC-DC converter with PI controller is modeled and
simulated by using Matlab/Simulink.
MODELING AND SIMULATION OF SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC APPLICATION BASED MULTILEVEL IN...ecij
As the solar market is blooming and forecasted to continue this trend in the coming years. The efficiency and reliability of PV based system has always been a contention among researchers. Therefore, multilevel inverters are gaining more assiduity as it has multitude of benefits. It offers high power capability along with low output harmonics. The main disadvantage of MLI is its complexity and requirement of large
number of power devices and passive components. This paper presents a topology that achieves 37.5% reduction in number of passive components and power devices for five-level inverter. This topology is basically based on H-bridge with bi-directional auxiliary switch. This paper includes a stand-alone PV
system in which designing and simulation of Boost converter connected with multilevel inverter for ac load is presented. Perturb and observe MPPT algorithm has been implemented to extract maximum power. The premier objective is to obtain Voltage with less harmonic distortion economically. Multicarrier Sinusoidal PWM techniques have been implemented and analysed for modulation scheme. The Proposed system is
simulated n MATLAB/Simulink platform.
MODELING AND SIMULATION OF SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC APPLICATION BASED MULTILEVEL IN...ecij
As the solar market is blooming and forecasted to continue this trend in the coming years. The efficiency and reliability of PV based system has always been a contention among researchers. Therefore, multilevel inverters are gaining more assiduity as it has multitude of benefits. It offers high power capability along with low output harmonics. The main disadvantage of MLI is its complexity and requirement of large
number of power devices and passive components. This paper presents a topology that achieves 37.5% reduction in number of passive components and power devices for five-level inverter. This topology is basically based on H-bridge with bi-directional auxiliary switch. This paper includes a stand-alone PV system in which designing and simulation of Boost converter connected with multilevel inverter for ac load is presented. Perturb and observe MPPT algorithm has been implemented to extract maximum power. The premier objective is to obtain Voltage with less harmonic distortion economically. Multicarrier Sinusoidal
PWM techniques have been implemented and analysed for modulation scheme. The Proposed system is simulated n MATLAB/Simulink platform.
High Step-Up Converter with Voltage Multiplier Module for Renewable Energy Sy...IJRES Journal
In this project, A novel high step-up converter, which is suitable for renewable energy system, is proposed.Through a voltage multiplier module composed of switched capacitors and coupled inductors, a conventional interleaved boost converter obtains high step-up gain without operating at extreme duty ratio.The configuration of the proposed converter not only reduces the current stress but also constrains the input current ripple, which decreases the conduction losses and lengthens the lifetime of the input source. In addition, due to the lossless passive clamp performance, leakage energy is recycled to the output terminal. Hence, large voltage spikes across the main switches are alleviated, and the efficiency is improved.
High Step-Up Converter with Voltage Multiplier Module for Renewable Energy Sy...irjes
In this project, A novel high step-up converter, which is suitable for renewable energy system, is proposed.Through a voltage multiplier module composed of switched capacitors and coupled inductors, a conventional interleaved boost converter obtains high step-up gain without operating at extreme duty ratio.The configuration of the proposed converter not only reduces the current stress but also constrains the input current ripple, which decreases the conduction losses and lengthens the lifetime of the input source. In addition, due to the lossless passive clamp performance, leakage energy is recycled to the output terminal. Hence, large voltage spikes across the main switches are alleviated, and the efficiency is improved.
Solid-State Transformer (S2T) also known as Power Electronic Transformer (PET) is applied in various industrial fields compared to the conventional transformer due to it flexible voltage transfer ratio, high power density, and low harmonic distortion. This paper presents the S2T of Single Phase Matrix Converter (SPMC) that acts as cyclo-converter. A 1kHz frequency was synthesized on the primary side of the transformer using Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) technique, whilst, the output converted by the SPMC that produces the 50Hz frequency. A part of AC to AC operation, the switching algorithm for safe-commutation technique is also presented to solve the commutation problem caused by the usage of inductive load. Minimization of size, losses and optimal efficiency are the advantages of this approach. The proposed model was simulated by using MATLAB/Simulink (MLS).
In the microgrid systems, three-phase inverter becomes the main power electronic interface for renewable distributed energy resources (DERs), especially for the islanded microgrids in which the power quality is easily affected by unbalanced and nonlinear loads, this is due to the fact that the voltage and frequency of the microgrid are not supported by the main power grid but determined only by the inverters. Therefore, the compensation of the load unbalances and harmonics in autonomous microgrid inverters are getting more attention in power quality research areas. The main purpose of this paper is to represent an overview of the control strategies of various inverters for unbalanced load compensation.
The most important components of the distributed generation frameworks is the GTIs which is an interface amidst the utility and the source of energy. The recent years have seen an increased interest in the design and usage of GTIs due to its smaller weight and size, low cost and higher efficiency. But the problem of leakage currents in the transformerless inverter that is dependant on its topology and control scheme needs to be looked into carefully. Also, the high performance of the GTI requires a stringent control and various control systems are being developed and applied to the GTIs. This paper reviews the various topologies that are classified based on the attributes of the leakage current and the method of decoupling. Further it reviews and compares the different control techniques applied to the GTIs with respect to the frame of reference, controller, modulation technique and the control parameters considered.
Performance Analysis of Photovoltaic Induction Motor Drive for Agriculture Pu...IAES-IJPEDS
This paper presents water pumping system using renewable source (solar)
without the use of chemical storage batteries. In this converter-inverter
circuit is used to drive Induction motor. The Converter used here is Two
Inductor boost converter (TIBC), which consists of a resonant tank, voltage
doubler rectifier and a snubber circuit. TIBC is designed to drive the three
phase induction motor from PV energy. TIBC converter is also known as
current fed multi resonant converter having high voltage gain and low input
current ripple. Converter switches are controlled through hysteresis controller
and ZCS resonant topologies. Solar PV power fluctuates according to
irradiation level of sunlight and hence tracking of maximum power at all
time is mandatory. SPWM control with third harmonic injection is used to
trigger the IGBT’s in the inverter. The development is oriented to achieve a
more efficient, reliable, maintenance free and cheaper solution than the
standard ones, that uses DC motors or low voltage synchronous motors.
The proposed method is verified with MATLAB/SIMULINK and the system
simulation confirms the performance of the proposed system.
Analysis and Design of Solar Photo voltaic Grid Connected Inverterijeei-iaes
This paper presents common mode voltage analysis of single phase grid connected photovoltaic inverter. Many researchers proposed different grid tie inverters for applications like domestic powering, street lighting, water pumping, cooling and heating applications, however traditional grid tie PV inverter uses either a line frequency or a high frequency transformer between the inverter and grid but losses will increase in the network leading to reduced efficiency of the system. In order to increase the efficiency, with reduced size and cost of the system, the effective solution is to remove the isolation transformer. But common mode (CM) ground leakage current due to parasitic capacitance between the PV panels and the ground making the system unreliable. The common mode current reduces the efficiency of power conversion stage, affects the quality of grid current, deteriorate the electric magnetic compatibility and give rise to the safety threats. In order to eliminate the common mode leakage current in Transformerless PV systm two control algorithms of multi-carrier pwm are implemented and compared for performance analysis.The shoot-through issue that is encountered by traditional voltage source inverter is analyzed for enhanced system reliability. These control algorithms are compared for common mode voltage and THD comparisons. The proposed system is designed using MATLAB/SIMULINK software for analysis.
Hysteresis SVM for Coupled Inductor Z Source Diode Clamped 3-Level Inverter B...IAES-IJPEDS
Due to its advantages such as it can defeat problems such as leakage current
and insertion of DC in the grid and provides low stress on power devices,
Diode-clamped three-level inverter (DCTLI) is habitually used in
transformerless photovoltaic (PV) connected to grid network. But it still has
a problem of shoot-through which dwells in its legs, so its operation not
reliable. Z source network is employed to permit operation without shoot
through risk and improve its reliability. Coupled inductors are replaced the
line transformers in to attain lower cost, reduced size, and improved its
reliability and efficiency. Coupled inductor which avoids leakage current
problem and losses. It employs coupled inductor z source diode clamped
three level inverter (CI-Z-DC-TLI) to boost the voltage and further progress
the consistency of the proposed system by avoiding the shoot through the
problem. The proposed system assures that common-mode voltage
and shoot-through risk is avoided. Moreover, controlling DC-TLI with
Hysteresis SVM algorithm which improves output voltage and current
control. Simulation and experimental results of this proposed system were
analyzed using MATLAB environment and FPGA hardware.
TCSC AND SVC OPTIMAL LOCATION TO IMPROVE THE PERFORMANCE OF POWER SYSTEM WITH...eeiej_journal
Wind generation connection to power system affects steady state and transient stability. Furthermore, this
effect increases with the increase of wind penetration in generation capacity. In this paper optimal location
of FACTS devices is carried out to solve the steady state problems of wind penetration. Two case studies
are carried out on modified IEEE39 bus system one with wind reduction to 20% and the second with wind
penetration increase by 50% in the two cases system suffer from outage of one generator with load at bus
39 decreases from 1104 MW to 900 MW.
Similar to Side Effects of Damping Element Insertion in LCL Filter for DC/AC Inverter (20)
The aim of this research is the speed tracking of the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) using an intelligent Neural-Network based adapative backstepping control. First, the model of PMSM in the Park synchronous frame is derived. Then, the PMSM speed regulation is investigated using the classical method utilizing the field oriented control theory. Thereafter, a robust nonlinear controller employing an adaptive backstepping strategy is investigated in order to achieve a good performance tracking objective under motor parameters changing and external load torque application. In the final step, a neural network estimator is integrated with the adaptive controller to estimate the motor parameters values and the load disturbance value for enhancing the effectiveness of the adaptive backstepping controller. The robsutness of the presented control algorithm is demonstrated using simulation tests. The obtained results clearly demonstrate that the presented NN-adaptive control algorithm can provide good trackingperformances for the speed trackingin the presence of motor parameter variation and load application.
This paper presents a fast and accurate fault detection, classification and direction discrimination algorithm of transmission lines using one-dimensional convolutional neural networks (1D-CNNs) that have ingrained adaptive model to avoid the feature extraction difficulties and fault classification into one learning algorithm. A proposed algorithm is directly usable with raw data and this deletes the need of a discrete feature extraction method resulting in more effective protective system. The proposed approach based on the three-phase voltages and currents signals of one end at the relay location in the transmission line system are taken as input to the proposed 1D-CNN algorithm. A 132kV power transmission line is simulated by Matlab simulink to prepare the training and testing data for the proposed 1D- CNN algorithm. The testing accuracy of the proposed algorithm is compared with other two conventional methods which are neural network and fuzzy neural network. The results of test explain that the new proposed detection system is efficient and fast for classifying and direction discrimination of fault in transmission line with high accuracy as compared with other conventional methods under various conditions of faults.
Among the most widespread renewable energy sources is solar energy; Solar panels offer a green, clean, and environmentally friendly source of energy. In the presence of several advantages of the use of photovoltaic systems, the random operation of the photovoltaic generator presents a great challenge, in the presence of a critical load. Among the most used solutions to overcome this problem is the combination of solar panels with generators or with the public grid or both. In this paper, an energy management strategy is proposed with a safety aspect by using artificial neural networks (ANNs), in order to ensure a continuous supply of electricity to consumers with a maximum solicitation of renewable energy.
In this paper, the artificial neural network (ANN) has been utilized for rotating machinery faults detection and classification. First, experiments were performed to measure the lateral vibration signals of laboratory test rigs for rotor-disk-blade when the blades are defective. A rotor-disk-blade system with 6 regular blades and 5 blades with various defects was constructed. Second, the ANN was applied to classify the different x- and y-axis lateral vibrations due to different blade faults. The results based on training and testing with different data samples of the fault types indicate that the ANN is robust and can effectively identify and distinguish different blade faults caused by lateral vibrations in a rotor. As compared to the literature, the present paper presents a novel work of identifying and classifying various rotating blade faults commonly encountered in rotating machines using ANN. Experimental data of lateral vibrations of the rotor-disk-blade system in both x- and y-directions are used for the training and testing of the network.
This paper focuses on the artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm, which is a nonlinear optimization problem. is proposed to find the optimal power flow (OPF). To solve this problem, we will apply the ABC algorithm to a power system incorporating wind power. The proposed approach is applied on a standard IEEE-30 system with wind farms located on different buses and with different penetration levels to show the impact of wind farms on the system in order to obtain the optimal settings of control variables of the OPF problem. Based on technical results obtained, the ABC algorithm is shown to achieve a lower cost and losses than the other methods applied, while incorporating wind power into the system, high performance would be gained.
The significance of the solar energy is to intensify the effectiveness of the Solar Panel with the use of a primordial solar tracking system. Here we propounded a solar positioning system with the use of the global positioning system (GPS) , artificial neural network (ANN) and image processing (IP) . The azimuth angle of the sun is evaluated using GPS which provide latitude, date, longitude and time. The image processing used to find sun image through which centroid of sun is calculated and finally by comparing the centroid of sun with GPS quadrate to achieve optimum tracking point. Weather conditions and situation observed through AI decision making with the help of IP algorithms. The presented advance adaptation is analyzed and established via experimental effects which might be made available on the memory of the cloud carrier for systematization. The proposed system improve power gain by 59.21% and 10.32% compare to stable system (SS) and two-axis solar following system (TASF) respectively. The reduced tracking error of IoT based Two-axis solar following system (IoT-TASF) reduces their azimuth angle error by 0.20 degree.
Kosovo has limited renewable energy resources and its power generation sector is based on fossil fuels. Such a situation emphasizes the importance of active research and efficient use of renewable energy potential. According to the analysis of meteorological data for Kosovo, it can be concluded that among the most attractive potential wind power sites are the locations known as Kitka (42° 29' 41" N and 21° 36' 45" E) and Koznica (42° 39′ 32″ N, 21° 22′30″E). The two terrains in which the analysis was carried out are mountain areas, with altitudes of 1142 m (Kitka) and 1230 m (Koznica). the same measuring height, about 84 m above the ground, is obtained for these average wind speeds: Kitka 6,667 m/s and Koznica 6,16 m/s. Since the difference in wind speed is quite large versus a difference in altitude that is not being very large, analyses are made regarding the terrain characteristics including the terrain relief features. In this paper it will be studied how much the roughness of the terrain influences the output energy. Also, that the assumption to be taken the same as to how much they will affect the annual energy produced.
Large-scale grid-tied photovoltaic (PV) station are increasing rapidly. However, this large penetration of PV system creates frequency fluctuation in the grid due to the intermittency of solar irradiance. Therefore, in this paper, a robust droop control mechanism of the battery energy storage system (BESS) is developed in order to damp the frequency fluctuation of the multi-machine grid system due to variable active power injected from the PV panel. The proposed droop control strategy incorporates frequency error signal and dead-band for effective minimization of frequency fluctuation. The BESS system is used to consume/inject an effective amount of active power based upon the frequency oscillation of the grid system. The simulation analysis is carried out using PSCAD/EMTDC software to prove the effectiveness of the proposed droop control-based BESS system. The simulation result implies that the proposed scheme can efficiently curtail the frequency oscillation.
This study investigates experimentally the performance of two-dimensional solar tracking systems with reflector using commercial silicon based photovoltaic module, with open and closed loop control systems. Different reflector materials were also investigated. The experiments were performed at the Hashemite University campus in Zarqa at a latitude of 32⁰, in February and March. Photovoltaic output power and performance were analyzed. It was found that the modified photovoltaic module with mirror reflector generated the highest value of power, while the temperature reached a maximum value of 53 ̊ C. The modified module suggested in this study produced 5% more PV power than the two-dimensional solar tracking systems without reflector and produced 12.5% more PV power than the fixed PV module with 26⁰ tilt angle.
This paper focuses on the modeling and control of a wind energy conversion chain using a permanent magnet synchronous machine. This system behaves a turbine, a generator, DC/DC and DC/AC power converters. These are connected on both sides to the DC bus, where the inverter is followed by a filter which is connected to the grid. In this paper, we have been used two types of controllers. For the stator side converter, we consider the Takagi-Sugeno approach where the parameters of controller have been computed by the theory of linear matrix inequalities. The stability synthesis has been checked using the Lyapunov theory. According to the grid side converter, the proportional integral controller is exploited to keep a constant voltage on the DC bus and control both types of powers. The simulation results demonstrate the robustness of the approach used.
The development of modeling wind speed plays a very important in helping to obtain the actual wind speed data for the benefit of the power plant planning in the future. The wind speed in this paper is obtained from a PCE-FWS 20 type measuring instrument with a duration of 30 minutes which is accumulated into monthly data for one year (2019). Despite the many wind speed modeling that has been done by researchers. Modeling wind speeds proposed in this study were obtained from the modified Rayleigh distribution. In this study, the Rayleigh scale factor (Cr) and modified Rayleigh scale factor (Cm) were calculated. The observed wind speed is compared with the predicted wind characteristics. The data fit test used correlation coefficient (R2), root means square error (RMSE), and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). The results of the proposed modified Rayleigh model provide very good results for users.
This paper deals with an advanced design for a pump powered by solar energyto supply agricultural lands with water and also the maximum power point is used to extract the maximum value of the energy available inside the solar panels and comparing between techniques MPPT such as Incremental conductance, perturb & observe, fractional short current circuit, and fractional open voltage circuit to find the best technique among these. The solar system is designed with main parts: photovoltaic (PV) panel, direct current/direct current (DC/DC) converter, inverter, filter, and in addition, the battery is used to save energy in the event that there is an increased demand for energy and not to provide solar radiation, as well as saving energy in the case of generation more than demand. This work was done using the matrix laboratory (MATLAB) simulink program.
The objective of this paper is to provide an overview of the current state of renewable energy resources in Bangladesh, as well as to examine various forms of renewable energies in order to gain a comprehensive understanding of how to address Bangladesh's power crisis issues in a sustainable manner. Electricity is currently the most useful kind of energy in Bangladesh. It has a substantial influence on a country's socioeconomic standing and living standards. Maintaining a stable source of energy at a cost that is affordable to everyone has been a constant battle for decades. Bangladesh is blessed with a wealth of natural resources. Bangladesh has a huge opportunity to accelerate its economic development while increasing energy access, livelihoods, and health for millions of people in a sustainable way due to the renewable energy system.
When the irradiance distribution over the photovoltaic panels is uniform, the pursuit of the maximum power point is not reached, which has allowed several researchers to use traditional MPPT techniques to solve this problem Among these techniques a PSO algorithm is used to have the maximum global power point (GMPPT) under partial shading. On the other hand, this one is not reliable vis-à-vis the pursuit of the MPPT. Therefore, in this paper we have treated another technique based on a new modified PSO algorithm so that the power can reach its maximum point. The PSO algorithm is based on the heuristic method which guarantees not only the obtaining of MPPT but also the simplicity of control and less expensive of the system. The results are obtained using MATLAB show that the proposed modified PSO algorithm performs better than conventional PSO and is robust to different partial shading models.
A stable operation of wind turbines connected to the grid is an essential requirement to ensure the reliability and stability of the power system. To achieve such operational objective, installing static synchronous compensator static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) as a main compensation device guarantees the voltage stability enhancement of the wind farm connected to distribution network at different operating scenarios. STATCOM either supplies or absorbs reactive power in order to ensure the voltage profile within the standard-margins and to avoid turbine tripping, accordingly. This paper present new study that investigates the most suitable-location to install STATCOM in a distribution system connected wind farm to maintain the voltage-levels within the stability margins. For a large-scale squirrel cage induction generator squirrel-cage induction generator (SCIG-based) wind turbine system, the impact of STATCOM installation was tested in different places and voltage-levels in the distribution system. The proposed method effectiveness in enhancing the voltage profile and balancing the reactive power is validated, the results were repeated for different scenarios of expected contingencies. The voltage profile, power flow, and reactive power balance of the distribution system are observed using MATLAB/Simulink software.
The electrical and environmental parameters of polymer solar cells (PSC) provide important information on their performance. In the present article we study the influence of temperature on the voltage-current (I-V) characteristic at different temperatures from 10 °C to 90 °C, and important parameters like bandgap energy Eg, and the energy conversion efficiency η. The one-diode electrical model, normally used for semiconductor cells, has been tested and validated for the polemeral junction. The PSC used in our study are formed by the poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and [6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM). Our technique is based on the combination of two steps; the first use the Least Mean Squares (LMS) method while the second use the Newton-Raphson algorithm. The found results are compared to other recently published works, they show that the developed approach is very accurate. This precision is proved by the minimal values of statistical errors (RMSE) and the good agreement between both the experimental data and the I-V simulated curves. The obtained results show a clear and a monotonic dependence of the cell efficiency on the studied parameters.
The inverter is the principal part of the photovoltaic (PV) systems that assures the direct current/alternating current (DC/AC) conversion (PV array is connected directly to an inverter that converts the DC energy produced by the PV array into AC energy that is directly connected to the electric utility). In this paper, we present a simple method for detecting faults that occurred during the operation of the inverter. These types of faults or faults affect the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of the photovoltaic system, especially the inverter, which is the main component responsible for the conversion. Hence, we have shown first the faults obtained in the case of the short circuit. Second, the open circuit failure is studied. The results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method. Good monitoring and detection of faults in the inverter can increase the system's reliability and decrease the undesirable faults that appeared in the PV system. The system behavior is tested under variable parameters and conditions using MATLAB/Simulink.
Direct current (DC) electronic load is a useful equipment for testing the electrical system. It can emulate various load at a high rating. The electronic load requires a power converter to operate and a linear regulator is a common option. Nonetheless, it is hard to control due to the temperature variation. This paper proposed a DC electronic load using the boost converter. The proposed electronic load operates in the continuous current mode and control using the integral controller. The electronic load using the boost converter is compared with the electronic load using the linear regulator. The results show that the boost converter able to operate as an electronic load with an error lower than 0.5% and response time lower than 13 ms.
This paper presents a new simplified cascade multiphase DC-DC buck power converter suitable for low voltage and large current applications. Cascade connection enables very low voltage ratio without using very small duty cycles nor transformers. Large current with very low ripple content is achieved by using the multiphase technique. The proposed converter needs smaller number of components compared to conventional cascade multiphase DC-DC buck power converters. This paper also presents useful analysis of the proposed DC-DC buck power converter with a method to optimize the phase and cascade number. Simulation and experimental results are included to verify the basic performance of the proposed DC-DC buck power converter.
A new bidirectional multilevel inverter topology with a high number of voltage levels with a very reduced number of power components is proposed in this paper. Only TEN power switches and four asymmetric DC voltage sources are used to generate 25 voltage levels in this new topology. The proposed multilevel converter is more suitable for e-mobility and photovoltaic applications where the overall energy source can be composed of a few units/associations of several basic source modules. Several benefits are provided by this new topology: Highly sinusoidal current and voltage waveforms, low Total Harmonic Distortion, very low switching losses, and minimum cost and size of the device. For optimum control of this 25-level voltage inverter, a special Modified Hybrid Modulation technique is performed. The proposed 25-level inverter is compared to various topologies published recently in terms of cost, the number of active power switches, clamped diodes, flying capacitors, DC floating capacitors, and the number of DC voltage sources. This comparison clearly shows that the proposed topology is cost-effective, compact, and very efficient. The effectiveness and the good performance of the proposed multilevel power converter (with and without PWM control) are verified and checked by computational simulations.
More from International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (20)
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
block diagram and signal flow graph representation
Side Effects of Damping Element Insertion in LCL Filter for DC/AC Inverter
1. International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS)
Vol. 9, No. 1, March 2018, pp. 443 – 456
ISSN: 2088-8694 443
Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
Side Effects of Damping Element Insertion in LCL Filter
for DC/AC Inverter
Faizal Arya Samman, Ma’arif Hasan, Tirza Damayanti
Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering
Universitas Hasanuddin, Indonesia
Article Info
Article history:
Received Aug. 18, 2017
Revised Dec. 11, 2017
Accepted Dec. 28, 2017
Keyword:
Power Converter
DC/AC Inverter
Passive Filter
Harmonics
Resonance Damping Circuit
ABSTRACT
The negative impacts or side effects of a damper circuit insertion in an LCL passive
filter utilized to filter DC/AC inverters output voltage is presented in this paper. For
comparative study, this paper discusses two damping configurations, namely series
and parallel damping, as well as the LCL filter without damping element. Four cri-
teria are used to explore the impacts of the damper circuits, i.e. their total harmonic
distortions (THDs), the output voltage amplitude, the output power and the power effi-
ciency. Theoretically and empirically shown by previous studies, the damper element
insertion in the filter circuit can indeed reduce the peak resonance frequency of the fil-
ter in its frequency response curve. Nevertheless, the damper insertion can potentially
decrease the inverters power output and power efficiency, voltage output amplitude,
and in circumstances cannot improve its THD reduction. The analysis results have
shown that the side effects depends also on the load conditions, which are different for
each damping circuit configuration.
Copyright c
2018 Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science.
All rights reserved.
Corresponding Author:
Faizal Arya Samman
Universitas Hasanuddin, Faculty of Engineering, Dept. of Electrical Engineering
Kampus Gowa, Jl. Poros Malino Km. 6, Bontomarannu 92171, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia
Email: faizalas@unhas.ac.id
1. INTRODUCTION
Nowadays, the increase of electricity demands, the decrease of the fossil fuels supply and the need for
cleaner environments have catalyzed the urgent need for renewable energy sources. Renewable energy sources
such as solar or sunlight are strategically advantageous for countries having sunny atmospheric conditions,
i.e. the countries lies around the earth equatorial area. Meanwhile, researches in the area of solar-cells or
photovoltaic (PV) systems have been intensively made with special intention on the improvement of their
energy efficiency. In the future, the higher solar efficiency improvement will boost the rapid use the solar cell
not only for industries but specially for home scale utilization. The fabrication cost of solar cells should also
be decreased to reduce their cost in markets.
Solar-based power plants have been established in many areas and countries. There are some important
components of a solar-based power plant. One of them is inverter, beside a charge controller and an energy
storage unit such as rechargeable battery. Figure 1a presents a photovoltaic (PV) system with alternating current
(AC) load. The charge controller consists of a Maximum Power Point Tracer (MPPT) module and a battery
charger circuit. The MPPT module is used to maximize electric energy or power transfer from PV panel to the
battery unit. Because most of renewable energies have direct current (DC) power outputs, inverters becomes
an important component in a renewable-energy-based power plant. Inverter is an electric device that works to
change or convert DC to AC voltages. There are some techniques to design an inverter. One of them is by
using a full-bridge circuit incorporating four power electronic switch devices, where four gate terminals of the
switching devices are controlled by an electronic control unit.
Journal Homepage: http://iaescore.com/journals/index.php/IJPEDS
Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
w w w . i a e s j o u r n a l . c o m
, DOI: 10.11591/ijpeds.v9.i1.pp443-456
2. 444 ISSN: 2088-8694
MPPT
Module
Battery
Charger
Battery
Unit
DC/AC
Inverter
+ Filter
Load 220V/
50Hz/60Hz
Solar Array
VDC2
VDC3
VDC1
VAC
VDC0
Charge Controller Unit
Discussion
Domain
(a) Photovoltaic system
Filter
9
10
17
7
1
2
4
V
BATTERY
M1
M2
M3
M4
5
3
7
8
6
0
NMOS
Driver
NMOS
Driver
NMOS
Driver
NMOS
Driver
Load
Electronic Control Unit (ECU)
D1
D2 D4
D3
C
A A
(b) inverter circuit topology
Figure 1. The photovoltaic system and the DC/AC inverter and filter topology.
There many challenging problems in designing an inverter. Some of them are summarized in the
following items.
• Power efficiency and switching loss due existing switching mechanism
• Unbalance voltage due to unbalance loads in 3-phase inverter applications
• Voltage amplitude and power factor shifting due to loading conditions
• Grid synchronizations with an existing grid for hybrid power generation
• Total harmonic distortion (THD) due to the used PWM-based switching mechanism to control the in-
verter output
Most of power losses in switched-mode inverter circuits are due to the existing switching mechanism.
Switching pulses applied to the gate terminal of power switching devices will partially convert electrical energy
to be thermal energy. Nowadays, new silicon technologies, such as Power MOSFET based on Silicon Carbide
(SiC) technology can reduce power losses and have longer operating lifetime [1], [2]. Beside Power MOSFET,
another switching device that can be used is Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor or IGBT. Like power MOSFET,
IJPEDS Vol. 9, No. 1, March 2018: 443 – 456
3. IJPEDS ISSN: 2088-8694 445
the IGBT operations can also induce higher conductance losses and lower switching performance compared to
SiC-based MOSFET [3]. The switching losses as well as electromagnetic interference can be avoid by a new
concept i.e. by controlling the current and voltage slopes individually for all operating conditions of the IGBTs
[4].
Voltage balancing is also a problem in inverter design especially in grid-connected applications. Stand-
alone Micro Grid (MG) tends to have unbalancing voltage affected by the unbalanced load in single phase. To
achieve the balancing of phase voltage, each single phase inverter can be controlled independently [5]. Other
important aspects in inverter design are the output voltage amplitude, power efficiency and grid synchroniza-
tion. Grid synchronization is especially very important in 3-phase grid-connected inverter applications [6].
The use of pulse width modulation (PWM) control systems, for instance in AC motor control appli-
cations, causes the appearance of common mode voltage (CMV) at the neutral point. CMV suppression and
elimination without influencing the inverter’s output voltage and better THD can be reached by using a special
technique namely Partial elimination SVPWM (PE-SVPWM) and full elimination SVPWM (FE-SVPWM).[7].
The used of a coupled inductor multiplier can also reduce the conduction losses, due to the CMV at neutral
point, and raise the efficiency [8]. Z-source T-type inverter is an example way to raise the efficiency system and
to boost voltage level without any additional DC-DC converter or transformer. The method makes the output
current of inverter are sinusoidal and synchronous with the grid frequency and its phase [9].
Leakage current is the drawbacks of grid-tied transformerless inverter systems. It produces system
losses and inject harmonics into the grid [10], [11]. Therefore, the use of passive filter is important to imple-
ment. The THD existence causes the inverter output voltage not be able to become pure sine wave as expected.
To suppress the harmonic distortion, a passive filter is coupled to the output terminal of the inverter. According
to the IEEE Standard, the acceptable THD of the inverter output voltage should be below 5% [12].
There are many filters that can be used to suppressed the THD, such as L, LC, LCL, LLCL, etc
[13], [14], [15]. Among the aforementioned filters, the LCL filter has better capability to suppress harmonic
distortion [16], [15]. Adding an LCL passive filter to the output terminal of an inverter can cause an appearance
of peak resonance frequency. This phenomena can make the inverter system unstable and its performance
becomes weak. Therefore, to suppress the resonance effect of the LCL passive filter, a resistance component as
damper is inserted into the filter circuit. The resistance component inserted to the LCL passive filter is called
as a resistance damping [17].
Multi-level inverters are also another type of inverter, which is proposed to reduce harmonics [18],
[19] [20]. Multi-level inverter has multiple output voltage levels, which is enabled by the use of multiple DC
source. In renewable energy applications, the design cost of a multi-level inverter is higher compared to a
single-level inverter, due to the need for more DC/DC converters to maintain the voltage levels of the multiple
DC sources. Single-level inverters are still favorable, since they are more simple with lower design cost.
2. RELATED WORKS AND CONTRIBUTION
This paper will particularly discuss an LCL filter analysis. Since the use of LCL passive filter causes
the appearance of resonant effect, a damping element is used. By using the damping element, the effect of
resonant can be suppressed [17], [21]. However, the resonance damping resistor will raise an extra power loss,
reduce maximum voltage amplitude and weaken the high-frequency harmonic reduction capability. This paper
will show a comparative study on a few filter circuit with and without damping element. The LCL passive
filter with and without the resistance damping tested with resistance loads. The criteria used in this study are
the capability of LCL passive filter with and without resistance damping in reducing the harmonic distortion,
maintaining the maximum output voltage amplitude and average output power as well as the power efficiency
of inverters and filters.
To the best of the author’s knowledge, the study of this paper, which is based on concurrent analysis
of those four criteria with variable (resistance) loads, has not been explored by the previous works. The work
in [17], for example, investigates many filters with active and passive damping methods. The work in [22]
proposes different passive damping tuning methods and its analytical damping losses estimation. Nevertheless,
both do not expose the impact of the resonance damping element insertion for different load conditions with
extra side effects analysis on the THD, power output, power efficiency and the output voltage amplitudes.
Variable loading conditions should be taken into account, since in practical conditions, the load is unknown
and can potentially affect the load voltage and load current variables. Moreover, the load can be topologically
Side Effects of Damping Element Insertion in LCL ... (Faizal Arya Samman)
4. 446 ISSN: 2088-8694
involved as the part of the filter.
3. RESEARCH METHOD
To achieve the research objective, systematical steps are used to explore the filter and inverter circuit
characteristics. The filter and inverter are modeled in (Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis).
The transfer function of the filter is also mathematically modeled and then numerically modeled to obtain the
frequency response curves. By using a SPICE simulator, the inverter+filter circuits are simulated for different
load impedance values to measure some parameters and variables, i.e.
1. The THD or total harmonic distortion of the filter output voltages. The analysis is made for 100 harmonic
frequency values, where 50 Hz is set as the base frequency.
2. The voltage amplitude values at the inverter’s input and output terminals, as well as at the filter output
terminal.
3. The average output powers at the inverter’s input and output terminals, as well as at the filter output
terminal.
4. The power efficiency of the inverter output power over the inverter input power, the filter output power
over the inverter output power, and the efficiency of the filter output power over the inverter input power.
After collecting the simulation data, the characteristic curves of all four aforementioned simulation
parameters relative to the changes of load impedance values are plotted, and then some concluding remarks are
given.
4. FILTER MODELING AND ANALYSIS
The simulated inverter and filter circuit is presentedg in Figure 1b. The inverter as well as the filter
circuit is modelled in SPICE. The electronic control unit (ECU) as shown in the figure generates four sinusoidal
pulse width modulation (SPWM) signals. The voltage level of the SPWM signals is amplified using NMOS
gate driver such that it can drive the n-channel power MOSFET at the points 3, 5 , 6 and 8, respectively as
shown in Figure 1b.
Each two of the SPWM signals has similar phase and waveform. The waveform of SPWM signals at
the points 3 and 8 is similar, while the other one at the points 5 and 6 is also similar. The NMOS driver increases
the voltage level to effectively drive the NMOS gate terminal. In general this driver separates optically the
power converter circuit (having higher power) with the electronic control unit (having lower power), or is used
to protect the ECU from the higher power circuit.
In order to generate a sine waveform from the output terminal of the inverter, we need to generate
some signals to control the process. Normally, this process is made under control of the ECU. The ECU should
be programmed to generate two sine-based pulse width modulation (SPWM) as presented by the curves at the
second and third line plots in Figure 2. In order to generate the SPWM signals, there are some techniques
that can be used. One of them is illustrated from the curves at the first line plot in the Figure 2. An absolute
sine wave, called as modulating signal (Vmod), is generated having 50 Hz frequency, as well as a carrier signal
(Vcarr) in sawtooth waveform. The figure presents the carrier signal with 20 sawteeth in every half period of
the sine wave signal. Both signal are compared each other to generate the SPWM using the following rule.
When Vcarr > Vmod then Vgate = 0, else Vgate = 5 V . We assume that the logic ’1’, generated by the ECU,
is related to 5 V. During the first half period of the sine wave signal, the SPWM signal is applied to the gates
of MOSFET M1 and M4. Then, during the next second half period, the SPWM signal is applied to the gates
of MOSFET M2 and M3. Consecutively applying this periodic waveform to the MOSFET gate terminals, then
we will have the inverter’s output voltage as shown in the fourth line plot in the Figure 2. It seems that the
inverter generates AC signal but with large total harmonic distortion (THD).
Because, the output voltage of the inverter contains the THD value larger than 5%, then a filter circuit
is required to decrease the THD below 5%. There many types of filters that can be used to suppress the THD. In
general, the filter can classified as active and passive filters. Active filters are rarely used due to the complexity
of circuit, especially for high power applications. Passive filters are mostly used in industries because of their
IJPEDS Vol. 9, No. 1, March 2018: 443 – 456
5. IJPEDS ISSN: 2088-8694 447
0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025
0
0.5
1
Inverter Output without Filter (20 sawteeth per half period)
Vcarr
Vmod
(V)
Carrier Voltage
Modulator Voltage
0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025
0
2
4
6
Vgate1,4
(V)
0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025
0
2
4
6
Vgate2,3
(V)
0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025
−20
0
20
Inv.
Vout
(V)
Time (second)
Figure 2. The inverter output signal generation without filter by using 20 sawteeth per half period (The THD
of the inverter’s output voltage is 47.829%).
simple use and low cost utilization. the discussion about the used filters to suppress the THD is presented in
the following sub section.
Rds
L1
C
L2
ZL
Filter + series damper Load
Vin
Vout
(b)
L1
C
L2
ZL
Filter without damper Load
Vin
Vout
(a)
Rdp
L1
C
L2
ZL
Filter + par. damper Load
Vin
Vout
(c)
Vd Vd Vd
Figure 3. The circuit configuration of the filters under evaluation: (a) filter without damping, (b)(c) filters with
passive series and parallel damping methods [17].
4.1. Filter Model without Damper
The filter model without a damper element is presented in Figure 3(a). The transfer function of the
Vout(s)
Vd(s) is as follows.
Side Effects of Damping Element Insertion in LCL ... (Faizal Arya Samman)
6. 448 ISSN: 2088-8694
Vout(s)
Vd(s)
=
ZL
sL2 + ZL
(1)
The transfer function of the Vd(s)
Vin(s) is as follows.
Vd(s)
Vin(s)
=
1
s2L1C + 1
(2)
By using the Laplace Transform Characteristic, the transfer function of Vout(s)
Vin(s) can be obtained by multiplying
Eq. (1) and Eq. (2), which results in the following equation.
Vout(s)
Vin(s)
=
ZL
sL2 + ZL
1
s2L1C + 1
(3)
Simplifying Eq. (3), we will have the final transfer function form, i.e.
Vout(s)
Vin(s)
=
ZL
s3L1L2C + s2ZLL1C + sL2 + ZL
(4)
4.2. Filter Model with Series Damper
The filter model with a damper element inserted in series with the C-element of the filter is presented
in Figure 3(b). Zds is obtained by deriving the equivalent impedance between the C-element and the series
resistant damper Rds, i.e.
Zds = Rds +
1
sC
=
sRdsC + 1
sC
(5)
The transfer function of the Vout(s)
Vd(s) is the same result presented in Eq. (1). The transfer function of
the Vd(s)
Vin(s) is as follows.
Vd(s)
Vin(s)
=
Zds
sL1 + Zds
=
sRdsC + 1
s2L1C + sRdsC + 1
(6)
By using the Laplace Transform Characteristic, the transfer function of Vout(s)
Vin(s) can be obtained by multiplying
Eq. (1) and Eq. (6), which results in the following equation.
Vout(s)
Vin(s)
=
ZL
sL2 + ZL
sRdsC + 1
s2L1C + sRdsC + 1
(7)
Simplifying Eq. (7), we will have the final transfer function form, i.e.
Vout(s)
Vin(s)
=
sZLRdsC + ZL
s3L1L2C + s2(ZLL1C + RdsL2C) + s(L2 + ZLRdsC) + ZL
(8)
4.3. Filter Model with Parallel Damper
The filter model with a damper element inserted in parallel with the C-element of the filter is presented
in Figure 3(c). Zdp is obtained by deriving the equivalent impedance between the C-element and the series
resistant damper Rdp, i.e.
Zds =
Rdp
1
sC
Rdp + 1
sC
=
Rdp
sRdpC + 1
(9)
The transfer function of the Vout(s)
Vd(s) is the same result presented in Eq. (1). The transfer function of
the Vd(s)
Vin(s) is as follows.
IJPEDS Vol. 9, No. 1, March 2018: 443 – 456
7. IJPEDS ISSN: 2088-8694 449
Vd(s)
Vin(s)
=
Zdp
sL1 + Zdp
=
Rdp
s2RdpL1C + sL1 + Rdp
(10)
By using the Laplace Transform Characteristic, the transfer function of Vout(s)
Vin(s) can be obtained by multiplying
Eq. (1) and Eq. (10), which results in the following equation.
Vout(s)
Vin(s)
=
ZL
sL2 + ZL
Rdp
s2RdpL1C + sL1 + Rdp
(11)
Simplifying Eq. (11), we will have the final transfer function form, i.e.
Vout(s)
Vin(s)
=
ZLRdp
s3RdpL1L2C + s2(L1L2 + ZLRdpL1C) + s(ZLL1 + RdpL2) + ZLRdp
(12)
4.4. Frequency Response Characteristic
After obtaining the transfer function of the filter circuits with three different damping element con-
figuration, including the one without damping element, then this subsection presents the frequency response
characteristic of the filters. Figure 4 presents the bode plot comparison of the filter circuits.
10
2
10
3
−20
0
20
40
60
Freq. Response of the Filters (Rds=3 Ohm, Rdp=300 Ohm)
Frequency (rad/s)
Magnitude
10
2
10
3
−200
−100
0
100
200
Frequency (rad/s)
Phase
(deg.)
no damp.
series damp.
parallel damp.
Figure 4. The transfer function of the filter with and without damping.
5. SIMULATION RESULTS AND ANALYSIS
The steady-state and transient analysis or simulation results of some important measured variables
in the inverter plus filter configurations are presented in this section. the simulations are made using SPICE
Side Effects of Damping Element Insertion in LCL ... (Faizal Arya Samman)
8. 450 ISSN: 2088-8694
(Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis), which is an industry standard circuit simulator. The
measured parameters are inverter’s and filter’s output voltages, output currents, output powers including the
average output powers. The THD and power efficiency measurements of the inverter and filter circuit are also
made in the analysis.
5.1. Steady-State Point Analysis
In this steady state point analysis or simulation, the measured parameters are THD, voltage and current
amplitudes, output power and power efficiencies. In every simulation run, the circuit is simulated until the
steady-state condition is attained, and then, the parameters are observed from the SPICE output probe windows.
The simulation results are shown in the following sub sections.
5.1.1. THD and Voltage Amplitude Measurements
The upper section of Figure 5 shows the THD measurements at the filter’s output points. Each fig-
ure presents three THD curves comparisons between the inverter+filter circuits without damping, with series
damping and with parallel damping for different resistance loads, i.e. from 100
Ω until 105
Ω. As shown in the
figure, the filter without damping element presents the best THD values, when the load impedance is above
20 Ω. Below that impedance value, the filters with damping elements have better THD values, but all of them
have THD above 5%, the standardized THD limit.
10
0
10
1
10
2
10
3
10
4
10
5
0
5
10
15
20
Resistive Load (Ohm)
THD
(%)
THD Curves, Inverter and Filter Output Voltages
10
0
10
1
10
2
10
3
10
4
10
5
26
Inverter
Vout
(V)
10
0
10
1
10
2
10
3
10
4
10
5
0
100
200
300
Resistive Load (Ohm)
Filter
Vout
(V)
LCL without Damping
LCL with Series Damping
LCL with Parallel Damping
Figure 5. The THD measurements.
The middle and lower sections of Figure 5 shows the voltage amplitude measurements at the inverter’s
and filter’s output points. Each figure presents the curves comparisons between the inverter+filter circuits
without damping, with series damping and with parallel damping for different resistance loads, i.e. from 100
Ω
until 105
Ω. The voltage measurements at the inverter’s input terminal are not presented, since they present
equal value, i.e. 24 V for each aforementioned resistance load value.
IJPEDS Vol. 9, No. 1, March 2018: 443 – 456
9. IJPEDS ISSN: 2088-8694 451
The filter output voltage amplitudes of the circuit without damping element presents higher values
compared to the filters with series and parallel damping element, especially for the load impedance above
10 Ω. For the load impedance below 10 Ω, all filter circuit presents almost the same results.
5.1.2. Current Measurements
Figure 6 shows the current measurements at the inverter’s and filter’s input-output points. Each figure
presents three current curves comparisons between the inverter+filter circuits without damping, with series
damping and with parallel damping for different resistance loads, i.e. from 100
Ω until 105
Ω. At the upper part
of the figure, the current measurements at the inverter’s input terminal are presented. At the middle part of
the figure, the current measurements at the inverter’s output terminal are presented. At the bottom part of the
figure, the current measurements at the filter’s output terminal are presented.
10
0
10
1
10
2
10
3
10
4
10
5
0
10
20
30
40
Inverter
Iin
(A)
LCL without Damping
LCL with Series Damping
LCL with Parallel Damping
10
0
10
1
10
2
10
3
10
4
10
5
0
5
10
Inverter
Iout
(A)
LCL without Damping
LCL with Series Damping
LCL with Parallel Damping
10
0
10
1
10
2
10
3
10
4
10
5
0
0.5
1
1.5
Resistive Load (Ohm)
Filter
Iout
(A)
LCL without Damping
LCL with Series Damping
LCL with Parallel Damping
Figure 6. The current measurements.
As shown in Figure 6, the circuit with series damping element has better inverter input currents com-
pared to the circuit without damping element and the circuit with parallel damping element. For the load
impedance above 50 Ω, the circuit without damping element has the best inverter output currents. The almost
similar values are presented for the load impedance below 50 Ω. For the load impedance below 5kΩ, the output
current of the filter without damping element has the highest current values. The almost similar filter output
current are presented for the load impedance above 5kΩ.
5.1.3. Power Measurements
Figure 7a shows the power measurements at the inverter’s and filter’s input-output points. Each figure
presents three power curves comparisons between the inverter+filter circuits without damping, with series
damping and with parallel damping for different resistance loads, i.e. from 100
Ω until 105
Ω. At the upper part
of the figure, the power measurements at the inverter’s input terminal are presented. At the middle part of the
figure, the curves present the power measurements at the inverter’s output terminal. At the bottom part of the
figure, the power measurements at the filter’s output terminal are presented.
Side Effects of Damping Element Insertion in LCL ... (Faizal Arya Samman)
10. 452 ISSN: 2088-8694
10
0
10
1
10
2
10
3
10
4
10
5
0
20
40
60
Inverter
Pin
(W)
LCL without Damping
LCL with Series Damping
LCL with Parallel Damping
10
0
10
1
10
2
10
3
10
4
10
5
0
10
20
30
Inverter
Pout
(W)
LCL without Damping
LCL with Series Damping
LCL with Parallel Damping
10
0
10
1
10
2
10
3
10
4
10
5
0
10
20
30
Resistive Load (Ohm)
Filter
Pout
(W)
LCL without Damping
LCL with Series Damping
LCL with Parallel Damping
(a) Power output measurements
10
0
10
1
10
2
10
3
10
4
10
5
0
50
100
Efficiency
1
(%)
LCL without Damping
LCL with Series Damping
LCL with Parallel Damping
10
0
10
1
10
2
10
3
10
4
10
5
0
50
100
Efficiency
2
(%)
LCL without Damping
LCL with Series Damping
LCL with Parallel Damping
10
0
10
1
10
2
10
3
10
4
10
5
0
50
100
Resistive Load (Ohm)
Efficiency
3
(%)
LCL without Damping
LCL with Series Damping
LCL with Parallel Damping
(b) Power efficiency measurements
Figure 7. The power output and power efficient measurements.
The inverter input power values of the circuit without damping element are higher than the inverter
input power of the circuit with damping elements for all load impedance value. For the load impedance below
2kΩ, the inverter output power values of the circuit without damping element are higher than the other config-
urations. However, for the load impedance values above 2kΩ, the series damping element circuit configuration
presents the highest inverter output power values. The filter without damping element has the higher output
power compared to the other circuits with damping elements.
5.1.4. Power Efficiency Measurements
The efficiency curves for the inverter and the filter are presented in Figure 7b. Each figure presents
three efficiency curves comparisons between the inverter+filter circuits without damping, with series damping
and with parallel damping for different resistance loads, i.e. from 100
Ω until 105
Ω.
Efficiency 1 is the power efficiency of the inverter output power over the inverter input power, as
presented in the upper part of the Figure 7b. In this case, the filters with damping elements have the highest
power efficiency compared to the power efficiency of the filter without damping element for the load impedance
values about 80 Ω. For the load impedance values below 80 Ω, power efficiency values of the circuit without
damping element are almost the same as the values of the circuit with series damping element, but higher than
the values of the circuit with parallel damping element.
Efficiency 2 is the power efficiency of the filter output power over the inverter output power, as pre-
sented in the middle part of the Figure 7b. In this case, the power efficiency of the circuit without damping
element is higher than the circuits with series and parallel damping elements for all load impedance values.
Efficiency 3 is the power efficiency of the filter output power over the inverter input power, as presented
in the bottom part of the Figure 7b. In this case, the power efficiency of the circuit without damping element is
higer than the circuits with series and damping elements. The highest power efficiency is shown to be around
10 until 100 Ω.
5.2. Transient Analysis
In this subsection, the transient responses of the inverter’s output voltage, current, power and average
power are presented. The transient responses for the three filter configuration, i.e. without damping, with
parallel and series damping are presented and compared directly.
Figure 8 shows the transient response curves, from upper until lower part of the figure, respectively
for the output voltage the output current, output power and the average output power of the filter circuit without
damper and with damper element. The load impedance is set to 500 Ω for both simulations. As presented in
IJPEDS Vol. 9, No. 1, March 2018: 443 – 456
11. IJPEDS ISSN: 2088-8694 453
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4
−200
0
200
Vout
(V)
Time (second)
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4
−0.5
0
0.5
Iout
(A)
Time (second)
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4
0
20
40
60
Pout
(W)
Time (second)
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4
0
10
20
Avg.
Pout
(W)
Time (second)
no damp.
series damp.
par. damp.
Figure 8. Transient analysis of the filter’s output voltage and average power with and without damping with
load impedance Zload = 500Ω.
Figure 8, it seems that the filter without damping element has better voltage amplitude compared to the filters
with the damper elements. The same result is presented for the average output powers. Compared to the parallel
damped filter, the series damped filter shows better average power.
6. CONCLUSION AND OUTLOOKS
This paper has presented the side effects of the damping element insertion in the passive LCL filters.
Passive damping method with series configuration can indeed reduce peak resonance frequency. But, in case
of higher damping resistor values, the insertion of a resistor in series with the capacitor in the LCL filter circuit
as a damper element has disadvantages of decreasing the filter ability in eliminating its THD. It also decreases
in the output voltage and reduces the average output power. The output voltage and the average power however
can be still improved by choosing appropriate damping resistance values.
In case of parallel damper element insertion in the filter with lower damping resistor values, the same
drawbacks appear as same as the previous series damping configuration. It decreases the ability of the filter
in reducing harmonics and drops the output voltage amplitude. The dropped output voltage depends on the
resistance load value. The dropped voltage becomes larger as the resistance load is larger, but it tends to be
steady for relatively larger resistance loads. Output voltage and average power, however, can be still improved
by choosing appropriate damping resistance values. Larger resistance damper insertion can surely increase the
power losses.
In general, both damping methods (series and parallel damping) can indeed reduce resonance, in which
the resonance effect can potentially reduce the filter system stability. However, based on this study, the methods
should be applied carefully because it potentially gives negative impacts or side effects in terms of THD, the
maximum output voltage (voltage amplitude), the inverters average output power and the power efficiency of
the inverter and filter circuits. The impacts are also dependent on the resistance load values.
Load conditions should be considered in the filter modeling, since the load can be topologically in-
volved as the part of the filter. Unfortunately, in practical conditions, the load is unknown. But, theoretically,
Side Effects of Damping Element Insertion in LCL ... (Faizal Arya Samman)
12. 454 ISSN: 2088-8694
the load can be classified as pure resistance loads, loads causing leading current and loads causing lagging
current. Hence, a filter that can be tuned over different load condition is required to maintain the inverter
performance over the aforementioned criteria.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The authors gratefully acknowledge the Ministry for Research, Technology and Higher Education of the Re-
public of Indonesia for funding our research work under the scheme of “Post-Graduated Colleagium Research
Grant” (Hibah Penelitian Tim Pasca Sarjana) with Grant Contract No. 005/SP2H/LT/DPRM/IV/2017 in the
year 2017.
REFERENCES
[1] J. Biela, M. Schweizer, S. Waffler, and J. W. Kolar, “SiC versus Si Evaluation of Potentials for Perfor-
mance Improvement of Inverter and DCDC Converter Systems by SiC Power Semiconductors,” IEEE
Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 58, no. 7, pp. 2872–2882, July 2011.
[2] T. Ueda, “GaN, SIC Tout as Next Generation Power Switching Devices,” AEI Magazine, Tech-Focus, pp.
38–41, Nov. 2015.
[3] G. Sena, R. Marani, G. Gelao, and A. G. Perri, “A Comparative Study of Power Semiconductor Devices
for Industrial PWM Inverters,” International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive System (IJPEDS),
vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 1420–1428, Dec. 2016.
[4] Y. Lobsiger and J. W. Kolar, “Closed-Loop di/dt and dv/dt IGBT Gate Driver,” IEEE Trans. on Power
Electronics, vol. 30, no. 6, pp. 3402–3417, June 2015.
[5] R. M. Kamel, “New inverter control for balancing standalone micro-grid phase voltages: A review on MG
power quality improvement,” Elsevier, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 63, pp. 520–532,
Sept. 2016.
[6] M. G. Villalva, T. de Siqueira, M. Espindola, and E. Ruppert, “Modeling And Control Of A Three-Phase
Isolated Grid-Connected Converter For Photovoltaic Applications,” Revista Controle and Automacao,
vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 215–228, May–June 2011.
[7] C. Bharatiraja, S. Jeevananthan, J. Munda, and R. Latha, “Improved SVPWM vector selection approaches
in OVM region to reduce common-mode voltage for three-level neutral point clamped inverter,” Elsevier,
Electrical Power and Energy Systems, vol. 79, pp. 285–297, July 2016.
[8] Y. Zhao, X. Xiang, C. Li, Y. Gu, W. Li, and X. He, “Single-Phase High Step-up Converter With Improved
Multiplier Cell Suitable for Half-Bridge-Based PV Inverter System,” IEEE Trans. on Power Electronics,
vol. 29, no. 6, pp. 2807–2816, June 2014.
[9] S. Ozdemir, “Z-source T-type inverter for renewable energy systems with proportional resonant con-
troller,” Elsevier, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2016.01.140, no.
article in press, pp. 1–12, 2016.
[10] M. Azril and N. A. Rahim, “Design Analysis of Low-Pass Passive Filter In Single-Phase Grid-Connected
Transformerless Inverter,” in Proc. of the IEEE First Conference On Clean Energy And Technology (CET),
2011, pp. 348–353.
[11] B. Gu, J. Dominic, J.-S. Lai, C.-L. Chen, T. LaBella, and B. Chen, “High Reliability and Efficiency
Single-Phase Transformerless Inverter for Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems,” IEEE Trans. on Power
Electronics, vol. 28, no. 5, pp. 2235–2245, May 2013.
[12] M. Hojabri and A.Toudeshki, “Third-Order Passive Filter Improvement for Renewable Energy Systems
to Meet IEEE 519-1992 Standard Limits,” pp. 199–204, 2015.
[13] M. Elsaharty and H. Ashour, “Passive L And LC Filter Design Method For Grid Connected Inverter,” in
Proc. of the IEEE Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Asia (ISGT-ASIA), 2014, pp. 13–18.
[14] W. Wu, Y. Sun, M. Huang, X. Wang, H. Wang, F. Blaabjerg, M. Liserre, and H. S.-H. Chung, “A Robust
Passive Damping Method For LLCL-Filter-Based Grid-Tied Inverters To Minimize The Effect Of Grid
Harmonic Voltages,” IEEE Trans. on Power Electronics, vol. 29, no. 7, pp. 3279–3289, July 2014.
[15] F. A. Sammman and A. Azhari, “DC/AC Power Converter for Home Scale Electricity Systems Powered
by Renewable Energy,” in Proc. of the 3rd IEEE Int’l Conf. on Smart Green Technology in Electrical and
Information Systems (ICSGTEIS), 2016, pp. 149–154.
IJPEDS Vol. 9, No. 1, March 2018: 443 – 456
13. IJPEDS ISSN: 2088-8694 455
[16] W. Wu, Y. He, T. Tang, and F. Blaabjerg, “A New Design Method for the Passive Damped LCL- and
LLCL-Filter Based Single-Phase Grid-tied Inverter,” IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 60,
no. 10, pp. 4339–4350, Oct. 2013.
[17] M. Buyuk, A. Tan, M. Tumay, and K. Bayndr, “Topologies, Generalized Designs, Passive And Active
Damping Methods of Switching Ripple Filters For Voltage Source Inverter: A Comprehensive Review,”
Elsevier, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 62, pp. 46–69, Sept. 2016.
[18] H. M. Bassi, “A Modulation Scheme for Floating Source Multilevel Inverter Topology with Increased
Number of Output Levels,” International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE),
vol. 6, no. 5, pp. 1985–1993, Oct. 2016.
[19] R. Benioub, L. Kadri, M. Adnane, and K. Itaka, “Modulation Index Variation Effect on Harmonic Behav-
ior of Fifteen Multilevel Inverter Neutral-Point-Clamped Topology,” International Journal of Electrical
and Computer Engineering (IJECE), vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 1892–1898, Aug. 2017.
[20] N. H. Ramlan, N. A. Azli, and N. F. A. A. Hafidz, “Performance of Interconnection and Damping Assign-
ment Passivity-Based Controller on Inverter Circuits,” International Journal of Power Electronics and
Drive System (IJPEDS), vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 69–80, Mar. 2017.
[21] J. Muhlethaler, M. Schweizer, R. Blattmann, J. W. Kolar, and A. Ecklebe, “Optimal design of LCL har-
monic filters for three-phase PFC rectifiers,” IEEE Trans. on Power Electronics, vol. 28, no. 7, pp. 3114–
3125, July 2013.
[22] R. Pena-Alzola, M. Liserre, F. Blaabjerg, R. Sebastian, J. Dannehl, and F. W. Fuchs, “Analysis of the Pas-
sive Damping Losses in LCL-Filter-Based Grid Converters,” IEEE Trans. on Power Electronics, vol. 28,
no. 6, pp. 2642–2646, June 2013.
BIOGRAPHIES OF AUTHORS
Faizal Arya Samman received his Bachelor of Engineering degree in Electrical Engineering (with
honors) from Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM), Yogyakarta in 1999 and his Master of Engineering
degree from Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB) in 2002. In 2002 he was appointed to be a research
and teaching staff at Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Hasanuddin in Makassar, Indonesia. He re-
ceived a scholarship award (2006–2010) from Deutscher Akademischer Austausch-Dienst (DAAD,
German Academic Exchange Service) to pursue his Doktor-Ingenieur degree at Technische Uni-
versität Darmstadt (TUD), Germany. From 2010 until 2012 he worked as the postdoctoral research
fellow in LOEWE-Zentrum AdRIA (Adaptronik-Research, Innovation, Application) at Fraunhofer
Institut LBF Darmstadt. His research interests include FPGA-based digital systems design, power
electronics, network on-chip (NoC), systems-on-chip (SoC), and multi-core embedded computer
systems.
Ma’arif Hasan finished his Bachelor degree (with honors) in 2017 from Universitas Hasanuddin at
Department of Electrical Engineering, with major study in the field of power system engineering.
His research interests are power electronic converter and renewable energy systems.
Side Effects of Damping Element Insertion in LCL ... (Faizal Arya Samman)
14. 456 ISSN: 2088-8694
Tirza Damayanti finished her Bachelor degree (with honors) in 2017 from Universitas Hasanuddin
at Department of Electrical Engineering, with major study in the field of telecommunication engi-
neering. Her research interests are electric and electronic circuit analysis and filter circuit design.
IJPEDS Vol. 9, No. 1, March 2018: 443 – 456