In this paper, the conventional steel frames having triangular Pratt truss as a roofing system of 60 m
length, span 30m and varying bay spacing 4m, 5m and 6m respectively having eaves level for all the portals is at
10m and the EOT crane is supported at the height of 8m from ground level and pre-engineered steel frames of
same dimensions are analyzed and designed for wind zones (wind zone 2, wind zone 3, wind zone 4 and wind
zone 5) by using STAAD Pro V8i. The study deals with the comparative study of both conventional and preengineered
with respect to the amount of structural steel required, reduction in dead load of the structure.
Analysis and Optimum Design for Steel Moment Resisting Frames to Seismic Exci...IJCMESJOURNAL
The essential purpose of this wander is to develop an Interior Penalty Function (IPF) based estimation to multi-storey steel traces for slightest weight of frames. The frames are proposed for contradicting even impact in view of seismic stacking close by gravity forces. Various structural stems are used for restricting seismic (lateral) forces; however steel moment resisting frames (MRFs) are considered for the present work. The framework solidifies codal courses of action of IS 800-2007, as needs be gets the edges with perfect weight for in-plane moments with lateral support of beam element. Strength and buckling criteria are considered as direct goals close by side constraints in formulating optimization problem. A Software program is made that uses an interior penalty function (IPF) for weight minimization of two-dimensional moment restricting steel encompassed structures. The program uses MATLAB, performs one dimensional interest, and structural design in an iterative technique. The design cases have exhibited that the proposed estimation gives a beneficial instrument to the practicing fundamental algorithm. The program is associated with 6 and 9 storey (4 bays) moment resisting frames (MRFs). The program showed its capacity of optimizing the largeness of two medium size frames. To get part obliges in frames an examination technique must be associated. In the present work Equivalent Lateral Force framework (ELF) and material nonlinear time history analysis (NTH) are associated and perfect qualities gained from both the examinations are contemplated.
Structural Analysis and Design of Castellated Beam in Fixed ActionAM Publications
The depth is the most important parameter which governs the sectional property of the section. For the serviceability moment of inertia plays very important role and moment of inertia of I-section is directly proportional to the third power of the depth. Research on cellular beams with circular web openings is very limited and is less developed than Cellular beams which may be attributed to the fact that cellular beams are more complicated to analyze due to their continuously changing section properties around the cell.
Analysis and Optimum Design for Steel Moment Resisting Frames to Seismic Exci...IJCMESJOURNAL
The essential purpose of this wander is to develop an Interior Penalty Function (IPF) based estimation to multi-storey steel traces for slightest weight of frames. The frames are proposed for contradicting even impact in view of seismic stacking close by gravity forces. Various structural stems are used for restricting seismic (lateral) forces; however steel moment resisting frames (MRFs) are considered for the present work. The framework solidifies codal courses of action of IS 800-2007, as needs be gets the edges with perfect weight for in-plane moments with lateral support of beam element. Strength and buckling criteria are considered as direct goals close by side constraints in formulating optimization problem. A Software program is made that uses an interior penalty function (IPF) for weight minimization of two-dimensional moment restricting steel encompassed structures. The program uses MATLAB, performs one dimensional interest, and structural design in an iterative technique. The design cases have exhibited that the proposed estimation gives a beneficial instrument to the practicing fundamental algorithm. The program is associated with 6 and 9 storey (4 bays) moment resisting frames (MRFs). The program showed its capacity of optimizing the largeness of two medium size frames. To get part obliges in frames an examination technique must be associated. In the present work Equivalent Lateral Force framework (ELF) and material nonlinear time history analysis (NTH) are associated and perfect qualities gained from both the examinations are contemplated.
Structural Analysis and Design of Castellated Beam in Fixed ActionAM Publications
The depth is the most important parameter which governs the sectional property of the section. For the serviceability moment of inertia plays very important role and moment of inertia of I-section is directly proportional to the third power of the depth. Research on cellular beams with circular web openings is very limited and is less developed than Cellular beams which may be attributed to the fact that cellular beams are more complicated to analyze due to their continuously changing section properties around the cell.
Pull-out tests of ribbed steel reinforcing bars embedded in concrete with ste...Aaron Kadima
This paper presents an experimental study on the behaviour of the bond stress of steel reinforcing bars embedded in steel-fibre-reinforced concrete. In total, 27 specimens were subjected to pull-out tests. The main variables included the volumetric fraction of the fibre, the diameter of the reinforcing bars and the anchorage length. The results showed that the introduction of steel fibres had a significant effect on improving the bond stress performance in terms of the failure load resistance, the tensile resistance of the concrete and the reduction in the anchorage length, resulting in a more ductile bonding behaviour of reinforcing bars with smaller tested diameters. An equation to estimate the ultimate bond stress was proposed based on the prescriptions of the Brazilian design code NBR 6118, which is more accurate and considers the observed effects of the fibre addition.
Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of Concrete Hollow Block Masonry UnitsEditorIJAERD
Concrete hollow block masonry are nowadays a common practice to be provided as infill walls in
Reinforced Concrete structures due to their improved sound and fire proofing properties. Moreover, its low cost and easy
and robust construction has also boosted their use in construction industry. This research focusses on finding the
mechanical properties of concrete hollow block masonry. Water absorption test on CMU, compressive strength test on
CMU, compressive strength test on mortar cubes and compressive strength test on grout has been conducted and shown
promising result
Behavior of RC Beams Retrofitted/Strengthened With External Post-Tension SystemINFOGAIN PUBLICATION
This paper presents a study on the flexural behavior of strengthened RC beams using external post-tensioning technique under the effect of cyclic loads. Post tensioning techniques is a new method to improve the behavior of cracked and sound beams. This new technique was used in this research to improve the behavior of cracked and un-cracked beams. The study consists of two stages, the first stage is an experimental program which is carried out in lap to test casted beams, and the second stage is a theoretical program which was carried out to verify the results of experimental program. The behavior of RC beams in different levels of cracks was studied, crack pattern was observed and failure type was recorded. Comparisons between the behaviors of different RC beams were performed. The experimental study included using of prestressing steel bars, GFRP bars and the effect of different percentage of shear reinforcement was also taken into consideration. Specimens were tested under the effect of cyclic load. Finally the simulations of tested beams were modeled in finite element software (ANSYS) to verify the results of experimental work compared to theoretical analysis.
This presentation mainly deals with shape memory alloys which come in a category of smart materials, its description, its properties and an experimental procedure.
CADmantra Technologies Pvt. Ltd. is one of the best Cad training company in northern zone in India . which are provided many types of courses in cad field i.e AUTOCAD,SOLIDWORK,CATIA,CRE-O,Uniraphics-NX, CNC, REVIT, STAAD.Pro. And many courses
Contact: www.cadmantra.com
www.cadmantra.blogspot.com
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Numerical modeling on behaviour of reinforced concrete exterior beam column j...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Pull-out tests of ribbed steel reinforcing bars embedded in concrete with ste...Aaron Kadima
This paper presents an experimental study on the behaviour of the bond stress of steel reinforcing bars embedded in steel-fibre-reinforced concrete. In total, 27 specimens were subjected to pull-out tests. The main variables included the volumetric fraction of the fibre, the diameter of the reinforcing bars and the anchorage length. The results showed that the introduction of steel fibres had a significant effect on improving the bond stress performance in terms of the failure load resistance, the tensile resistance of the concrete and the reduction in the anchorage length, resulting in a more ductile bonding behaviour of reinforcing bars with smaller tested diameters. An equation to estimate the ultimate bond stress was proposed based on the prescriptions of the Brazilian design code NBR 6118, which is more accurate and considers the observed effects of the fibre addition.
Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of Concrete Hollow Block Masonry UnitsEditorIJAERD
Concrete hollow block masonry are nowadays a common practice to be provided as infill walls in
Reinforced Concrete structures due to their improved sound and fire proofing properties. Moreover, its low cost and easy
and robust construction has also boosted their use in construction industry. This research focusses on finding the
mechanical properties of concrete hollow block masonry. Water absorption test on CMU, compressive strength test on
CMU, compressive strength test on mortar cubes and compressive strength test on grout has been conducted and shown
promising result
Behavior of RC Beams Retrofitted/Strengthened With External Post-Tension SystemINFOGAIN PUBLICATION
This paper presents a study on the flexural behavior of strengthened RC beams using external post-tensioning technique under the effect of cyclic loads. Post tensioning techniques is a new method to improve the behavior of cracked and sound beams. This new technique was used in this research to improve the behavior of cracked and un-cracked beams. The study consists of two stages, the first stage is an experimental program which is carried out in lap to test casted beams, and the second stage is a theoretical program which was carried out to verify the results of experimental program. The behavior of RC beams in different levels of cracks was studied, crack pattern was observed and failure type was recorded. Comparisons between the behaviors of different RC beams were performed. The experimental study included using of prestressing steel bars, GFRP bars and the effect of different percentage of shear reinforcement was also taken into consideration. Specimens were tested under the effect of cyclic load. Finally the simulations of tested beams were modeled in finite element software (ANSYS) to verify the results of experimental work compared to theoretical analysis.
This presentation mainly deals with shape memory alloys which come in a category of smart materials, its description, its properties and an experimental procedure.
CADmantra Technologies Pvt. Ltd. is one of the best Cad training company in northern zone in India . which are provided many types of courses in cad field i.e AUTOCAD,SOLIDWORK,CATIA,CRE-O,Uniraphics-NX, CNC, REVIT, STAAD.Pro. And many courses
Contact: www.cadmantra.com
www.cadmantra.blogspot.com
www.cadmantra.wix.com
Numerical modeling on behaviour of reinforced concrete exterior beam column j...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
A presentation that explains the various systems and techniques of employing steel and concrete to support long span structures. The range varies from conventional beams, to trusses and portal frames.
Capacity of strengthened Reinforced concrete columnsKhaled Mahmoud
this presentation show main points of research focused on the analysis of concrete and steel jackets to get simple equations for design. Therefore, an experimental program consists of twenty columns strengthened with concrete jackets and steel jackets are performed. The results were compared with some of the design equations in available literature. These equations were modified to match the theoretical and experimental results. Recommendations for column behavior after strengthening are presented to help structural engineers to maximize the benefits of strengthening operation.
Cost Optimization of a Tubular Steel Truss Using Limit State Method of DesignIJERA Editor
Limit state method helps to design structures based on both safety and serviceability. The structures are designed to withstand ultimate loads or the loads at which failure occurs unlike working stress method where only service loads are considered. This leads to enhanced safety. Also unlike the working stress method, the structures are economical. It is also better than ultimate load method as serviceability requirement is also taken care of by considering various safety factors for all the load types and structures do not undergo massive deflection and cracks. For tubular sections, higher strength to weight ratio could result in upto 30% savings in steel .Due to the high torsional rigidity and compressive strength, Tubular sections behave more efficiently than conventional steel section This study is regarding the economy, load carrying capacity of all structural members and their corresponding safety measures.
Seismic Retrofitting of a RC Building by Adding Steel Plate Shear WallsIOSR Journals
This paper deals with the step-by-step retrofitting of buildings by using steel plate shear walls
(SPSWs) with the aid of SAP2000 programme. One type of reinforced concrete building is selected for
evaluation. This building represents the most used forms of residential buildings in the Sudan, in terms of
geometric form, and dimensions. This paper uses the equivalent static method provided in the regulations
proposed by the Egyptian Society for Earthquake Engineering. One typical model was selected from the existing
residual buildings in Khartoum city, as a case study. The proposed methodology that has been used to evaluate
the seismic resistance of chosen building is done through the design of the structural elements of the buildings
before and after adding the seismic forces. The retrofitting of building was done by using steel plate shear walls
with thicknesses of 5mm, 7mm and 10mm. From the results obtained, it was found that the use of two additional
SPSWs with 7 mm thickness placed at the internal frame of the existing system, resulted in a reduction of
bending moments in the columns and beams. The increase of thickness has a clear effect on the bending moment
of the columns, but has little effects on the bending moments of the beams.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
Analysis and Optimum Design for Steel Moment Resisting Frames to Seismic Exci...IJCMESJOURNAL
The essential purpose of this wander is to develop an Interior Penalty Function (IPF) based estimation to multi-storey steel traces for slightest weight of frames. The frames are proposed for contradicting even impact in view of seismic stacking close by gravity forces. Various structural stems are used for restricting seismic (lateral) forces; however steel moment resisting frames (MRFs) are considered for the present work. The framework solidifies codal courses of action of IS 800-2007, as needs be gets the edges with perfect weight for in-plane moments with lateral support of beam element. Strength and buckling criteria are considered as direct goals close by side constraints in formulating optimization problem. A Software program is made that uses an interior penalty function (IPF) for weight minimization of two-dimensional moment restricting steel encompassed structures. The program uses MATLAB, performs one dimensional interest, and structural design in an iterative technique. The design cases have exhibited that the proposed estimation gives a beneficial instrument to the practicing fundamental algorithm. The program is associated with 6 and 9 storey (4 bays) moment resisting frames (MRFs). The program showed its capacity of optimizing the largeness of two medium size frames. To get part obliges in frames an examination technique must be associated. In the present work Equivalent Lateral Force framework (ELF) and material nonlinear time history analysis (NTH) are associated and perfect qualities gained from both the examinations are contemplated.
Cars are a very important part of this modern world because they give luxury and comfort. Even
though they are comfortable, some problems always keep arising on the safety side. After a lot of research they
rectified certain problems using air bags, auto parking, turbo charger, pedal shift…, etc.
And now we are going to discuss about one such problem that arises on the safety side. An unsuspected
accident occurs when people smash their fingers in between the car doors. Due to this kind of accident around
120,000 people are injured every year. But this was not taken as a very major safety concern for the customer.
To avoid this kind accident due to car doors, we are introducing “SAFETY DOOR LOCK SYSTEM”
with the help of “HYDRAULIC PISTON AND IR SENSORS”.
The major working process of the “SAFETY DOOR LOCK SYSTEM”is, when a person places his/her
hand or fingers in the gap between the door and the outer panel, at the time when the closing action of the door
takes place, the Sensors start to transmit the Infra Red Rays to the Receivers at the
other end, and so even if someone closes the door without anybody‟s knowledge the hydraulic piston will
automatically come out and stop the door from closing and prevent the person from the unsuspected accident
and minor injuries by the car door and ensure maximum safety to the customer.
Extrusion can be defined as the process of subjecting a material to compression so that it is forced to
flow through an opening of a die and takes the shape of the hole. Multi-hole extrusion is the process of
extruding the products through a die having more than one hole. Multi-hole extrusion increases the production
rate and reduces the cost of production. In this study the ram force has calculated experimentally for single hole
and multi-hole extrusion. The comparison of ram forces between the single hole and multi-hole extrusion
provides the inverse relation between the numbers of holes in a die and ram force. The experimental lengths of
the extruded products through the various holes of multi-hole die are different. It indicates that the flow pattern
is dependent on the material behavior. The micro-hardness test has done for the extruded products of lead
through multi-hole die. It is observed that the hardness of the extruded lead products from the central hole is
found to be more than that of the products extruded from other holes. The study suggests that multi-hole
extrusion can be used for obtaining the extruded products of lead with varying hardness. The micro-structure
study has done for the lead material before and after extrusion. It is observed that the size of grains of lead
material after extrusion is smaller than the original lead.
Analysis of Agile and Multi-Agent Based Process Scheduling Modelirjes
As an answer of long growing frustration of waterfall Software development life cycle concepts,
agile software development concept was evolved in 90’s. The most popular agile methodologies is the Extreme
Programming (XP). Most software companies nowadays aim to produce efficient, flexible and valuable
Software in short time period with minimal costs, and within unstable, changing environments. This complex
problem can be modeled as a multi-agent based system, where agents negotiate resources. Agents can be used to
represent projects and resources. Crucial for the multi-agent based system in project scheduling model, is the
availability of an effective algorithm for prioritizing and scheduling of task. To evaluate the models, simulations
were carried out with real life and several generated data sets. The developed model (Multi-agent based System)
provides an optimized and flexible agile process scheduling and reduces overheads in the software process as it
responds quickly to changing requirements without excessive work in project scheduling.
Effects of Cutting Tool Parameters on Surface Roughnessirjes
This paper presents of the influence on surface roughness of Co28Cr6Mo medical alloy machined
on a CNC lathe based on cutting parameters (rotational speed, feed rate, depth of cut and nose radius).The
influences of cutting parameters have been presented in graphical form for understanding. To achieve the
minimum surface roughness, the optimum values obtained for rpm, feed rate, depth of cut and nose radius were
respectively, 318 rpm, 0,1 mm/rev, 0,7 mm and 0,8 mm. Maximum surface roughness has been revealed the
values obtained for rpm, feed rate, depth of cut and nose radius were respectively, 318 rpm, 0,25 mm/rev, 0,9
mm and 0,4 mm.
Possible limits of accuracy in measurement of fundamental physical constantsirjes
The measurement uncertainties of Fundamental Physical Constants should take into account all
possible and most influencing factors. One from them is the finiteness of the model that causes the existence of
a-priori error. The proposed formula for calculation of this error provides a comparison of its value with the
actual experimental measurement error that cannot be done an arbitrarily small. According to the suggested
approach, the error of the researched Fundamental Physical Constant, measured in conventional field studies,
will always be higher than the error caused by the finite number of dimensional recorded variables of physicalmathematical
models. Examples of practical application of the considered concept for measurement of fine
structure constant, speed of light and Newtonian constant of gravitation are discussed.
Performance Comparison of Energy Detection Based Spectrum Sensing for Cogniti...irjes
With the rapid deployment of new wireless devices and applications, the last decade has witnessed a growing
demand for wireless radio spectrum. However, the policy of fixed spectrum assignment produces a bottleneck for more
efficient spectrum utilization, such that a great portion of the licensed spectrum is severely under-utilized. So the concept of
cognitive radio was introduced to address this issue.The inefficient usage of the limited spectrum necessitates the
development of dynamic spectrum access techniques, where users who have no spectrum licenses, also known as secondary
users, are allowed to use the temporarily unused licensed spectrum. For this purpose we have to know the presence or
absence of primary users for spectrum usage. So spectrums sensing is one of the major requirements of cognitive radio.Many
spectrum sensing techniques have been developed to sense the presence or absence of a licensed user. This paper evaluates
the performance of the energy detection based spectrum sensing technique in noisy and fading environments.The
performance of the energy detection technique will be evaluated by use of Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curves
over additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and fading channels.
Flip bifurcation and chaos control in discrete-time Prey-predator model irjes
The dynamics of discrete-time prey-predator model are investigated. The result indicates that the
model undergo a flip bifurcation which found by using center manifold theorem and bifurcation theory.
Numerical simulation not only illustrate our results, but also exhibit the complex dynamic behavior, such as the
periodic doubling in period-2, -4 -8, quasi- periodic orbits and chaotic set. Finally, the feedback control method
is used to stabilize chaotic orbits at an unstable interior point.
Energy Awareness and the Role of “Critical Mass” In Smart Citiesirjes
A Smart City could be depicted as a place, logical and physical, in which a crowd of heterogeneous
entities is related in time and space through different types of interactions. Any type of entity, whether it is a
device or a person, clustered in communities, becomes a source of context-based data.
Energy awareness is able to drive the process of bringing our society to limit energy waste and to optimize
usage of available resources, causing a strong environmental and social impact. Then, following social network
analysis methodologies related to the dynamics of complex systems, it is possible to find out, emergent and
sometimes hidden new habits of electricity usage. Through an initial Critical Mass, involving a multitude of
consumers, each related to more contexts, we evaluate the triggering and spreading of a collective attitude. To
this aim, in this paper, we propose a novel analytical model defining a new concept of critical mass, which
includes centrality measures both in a single layer and in a multilayer social network.
A Firefly Algorithm for Optimizing Spur Gear Parameters Under Non-Lubricated ...irjes
Firefly algorithm is one of the emerging evolutionary approaches for complex and non-linear
optimization problems. It is inspired by natural firefly‟s behavior such as movement of fireflies based on
brightness and by overcoming the constraints such as light absorption, obstacles, distance, etc. In this research,
firefly‟s movement had been simulated computationally to identify the best parameters for spur gear pair by
considering the design and manufacturing constraints. The proposed algorithm was tested with the traditional
design parameters and found the results are at par in less computational time by satisfying the constraints.
The Effect of Orientation of Vortex Generators on Aerodynamic Drag Reduction ...irjes
One of the main reasons for the aerodynamic drag in automotive vehicles is the flow separation
near the vehicle’s rear end. To delay this flow separation, vortex generators are used in recent vehicles. The
vortex generators are commonly used in aircrafts to prevent flow separation. Even though vortex generators
themselves create drag, but they also reduce drag by delaying flow separation at downstream. The overall effect
of vortex generators is more beneficial and proved by experimentation. The effect depends on the shape,size and
orientation of vortex generators. Hence optimized shape with proper orientation is essential for getting better
results.This paper presents the effect of vortex generators at different orientation to the flow field and the
mechanism by which these effects takes place.
An Assessment of The Relationship Between The Availability of Financial Resou...irjes
The availability of financial resources is an important element in impacting the success of a planning
process for an effective physical planning. The extent to which however, they are articulated in the process
remained elusive both in scholarly and public discourse. The objective of this study wastherefore, to examine
the extent to which financial resources affect physical planning. In doing so, the study examinedwhether
financial resources were adequate or not to facilitate planning processes in Paidha. According to the study
findings,budget prioritization and ceilings are still a challenge in Paidha Town Council. This is partly due
limited level of knowledge of physical planning among the officials of Paidha Town Council. As a result, there
were no dedicated budget line for routine inspection of physical development plan compliance and enforcement
tools in Paidha. In conclusion, in addressing uncoordinated patterns of physical development that characterize
Uganda‟s urban centres, a critical starting point ought to be the analysis of physical planning process. The
research of this kind is not only significant to other emerging urban centres facing poor a road network,
mushrooming informal settlements and poor social services including poor pattern of residential and commercial
developments but also to all institutions that are involved in planning these towns. Knowing the extent of need
for financial influences in planning may assist local authorities to take the processes of planning seriously which
will help enhance the sustainable development of emerging urban centres including Paidha.
The Choice of Antenatal Care and Delivery Place in Surabaya (Based on Prefere...irjes
- Person's desire to do a pregnancy examination is determined by the service place that suits the tastes
and facilities owned by it. Until now, the utilization of antenatal care by pregnant women is still low (Mardiana,
2014). The purpose of the study is to analyze factors affecting the utilization of antenatal care and delivery place
in Surabaya city based on the preferences and choice theory.
Type of survey research is cross sectional approach, the population is mothers who have children aged 1-
12 months in Surabaya. The large sample of 250 mothers who have children aged 1-12 months in 2013 is taken
by simple random sampling technique. Variables of the research are the preference elements and steps, choice
elements and steps, utilization of antenatal care and delivery place. Data were collected through questionnaires
and secondary data were then analyzed with descriptive statistics in the form of a frequency distribution, shown
by the schematic diagram.
The result showed that the preference elements and steps showed almost half (42.9%) desire to give birth
in a health care because of information got from someone else, while the choice element and step shows the
bulk (57.1%) of the criteria of delivery place chosen is a safe, comfortable and cheap delivery place, the labor
place which is the main choice most (57.1%) is cheap, comfortable, close.
Conclusion of the research based on the preferences and choice theory can be found three (3) new
theories, they are preferences become choice, preferences do not become choice, choice is preceded by
preferences
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Connector Corner: Automate dynamic content and events by pushing a buttonDianaGray10
Here is something new! In our next Connector Corner webinar, we will demonstrate how you can use a single workflow to:
Create a campaign using Mailchimp with merge tags/fields
Send an interactive Slack channel message (using buttons)
Have the message received by managers and peers along with a test email for review
But there’s more:
In a second workflow supporting the same use case, you’ll see:
Your campaign sent to target colleagues for approval
If the “Approve” button is clicked, a Jira/Zendesk ticket is created for the marketing design team
But—if the “Reject” button is pushed, colleagues will be alerted via Slack message
Join us to learn more about this new, human-in-the-loop capability, brought to you by Integration Service connectors.
And...
Speakers:
Akshay Agnihotri, Product Manager
Charlie Greenberg, Host
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
-------------------------------------------
During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
- Which features are provided by Grafana?
- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
To view the webinar recording, go to:
https://www.rttsweb.com/jmeter-integration-webinar
PHP Frameworks: I want to break free (IPC Berlin 2024)Ralf Eggert
In this presentation, we examine the challenges and limitations of relying too heavily on PHP frameworks in web development. We discuss the history of PHP and its frameworks to understand how this dependence has evolved. The focus will be on providing concrete tips and strategies to reduce reliance on these frameworks, based on real-world examples and practical considerations. The goal is to equip developers with the skills and knowledge to create more flexible and future-proof web applications. We'll explore the importance of maintaining autonomy in a rapidly changing tech landscape and how to make informed decisions in PHP development.
This talk is aimed at encouraging a more independent approach to using PHP frameworks, moving towards a more flexible and future-proof approach to PHP development.
Search and Society: Reimagining Information Access for Radical FuturesBhaskar Mitra
The field of Information retrieval (IR) is currently undergoing a transformative shift, at least partly due to the emerging applications of generative AI to information access. In this talk, we will deliberate on the sociotechnical implications of generative AI for information access. We will argue that there is both a critical necessity and an exciting opportunity for the IR community to re-center our research agendas on societal needs while dismantling the artificial separation between the work on fairness, accountability, transparency, and ethics in IR and the rest of IR research. Instead of adopting a reactionary strategy of trying to mitigate potential social harms from emerging technologies, the community should aim to proactively set the research agenda for the kinds of systems we should build inspired by diverse explicitly stated sociotechnical imaginaries. The sociotechnical imaginaries that underpin the design and development of information access technologies needs to be explicitly articulated, and we need to develop theories of change in context of these diverse perspectives. Our guiding future imaginaries must be informed by other academic fields, such as democratic theory and critical theory, and should be co-developed with social science scholars, legal scholars, civil rights and social justice activists, and artists, among others.
"Impact of front-end architecture on development cost", Viktor TurskyiFwdays
I have heard many times that architecture is not important for the front-end. Also, many times I have seen how developers implement features on the front-end just following the standard rules for a framework and think that this is enough to successfully launch the project, and then the project fails. How to prevent this and what approach to choose? I have launched dozens of complex projects and during the talk we will analyze which approaches have worked for me and which have not.
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
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Comparative Study of Pre-Engineered and Conventional Steel Frames for Different Wind Zones
1. International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES)
ISSN (Online) 2319-183X, (Print) 2319-1821
Volume 4, Issue 7 (July 2015), PP.51-59
www.irjes.com 51 | Page
Comparative Study of Pre-Engineered and Conventional Steel
Frames for Different Wind Zones
Neha R.Kolate 1
, Shilpa Kewate2
1
P.G. Student, Civil Engineering Department, Saraswati College of Engineering,
Mumbai University, Maharashtra, India
2
Asst. Professor, Civil Engineering Department, Saraswati College of Engineering,
Mumbai University, Maharashtra, India
Abstract:- In this paper, the conventional steel frames having triangular Pratt truss as a roofing system of 60 m
length, span 30m and varying bay spacing 4m, 5m and 6m respectively having eaves level for all the portals is at
10m and the EOT crane is supported at the height of 8m from ground level and pre-engineered steel frames of
same dimensions are analyzed and designed for wind zones (wind zone 2, wind zone 3, wind zone 4 and wind
zone 5) by using STAAD Pro V8i. The study deals with the comparative study of both conventional and pre-
engineered with respect to the amount of structural steel required, reduction in dead load of the structure.
Keywords: - Pre-engineered steel frame, STAAD Pro V8i, Tapered section.
I. INTRODUCTION
1.1 General
Most of the steel structures are builted – up with conventional sections of steels which are designed and
constructed by conventional methods. This leads to heavy or uneconomical structures. The structural members
are hot rolled and are used in conventional steel frames. Now a day’s pre-engineered steel frames are the best
replacement to the conventional ones with their useful and comparatively better properties. The scientific –
sounding term pre-engineered frame came into being in the 1960s. The frames were “pre-engineered” because,
like their ancestors, they relied upon standard engineering designs for a limited number of off-the-shelf
configurations.[1]
II. METHODOLOGY
In the present study, conventional steel frames and pre-engineered frames are considered for the
analysis and design using Staad. Pro V8i. Conventional steel frame of length 60m and span 30m. Bay spacing
varies from 4m, 5m and 6m. Eaves level for all portals is at 10m from the ground level. The EOT crane is
supported at the height of 8m from ground level. The selected conventional steel frame is a built up column
comprising of Indian standard channel section laced together and triangular Pratt truss as a roofing system. The
basic frame for a pre-engineered building portal is a Single span rigid frame with pinned base comprising of
tapered column and rafter welded together. The length of the building, span, bay spacing, Eaves level and the
level of the EOT carne are all similar to that of conventional steel building but the angle of the pitch roof is
maintained at 6° with the horizontal. Analysis and design of members in conventional steel frame (lacing
column, rafter, column supporting truss, bottom chord, internal members) and in pre-engineered steel frame
( tapered column and tapered rafter ) for wind zones (wind zone 2, wind zone 3, wind zone 4 and wind zone 5)
are by using Staad Pro V8i. Analysis and design of secondary member (purlin) of conventional and pre-
engineered steel frame is by using Excel sheet.
III. ADVANTAGES OF PRE-ENGINEERED FRAME STRCUCTURE
1. PEB system is zero maintenance and superior in strength
2. It is corrosion resistance & feature an attractive appearance
3. Steel arriving at the site is dry with no residual oil on the surface
4. PEB system is excellent resistant in transit to corrosion and storage strain
5.This system reduces energy loads on buildings due to long term bright surface that helps to retain heat
reflectivity
6. It is a higher level technology & innovation & better product over conventional materialEB system has
protection against non uniform weathering
2. Comparative Study of Pre-Engineered and Conventional Steel Frames for Different Wind Zones
www.irjes.com 52 | Page
Crane Bridge
IV. LOAD CALCULATIONS
3.1 Model of conventional steel frame on Staad. Pro V8i
Fig 1 : Model of conventional steel frame on Staad. Pro V8i
3.1.1 Dead load on conventional steel frame
Dead load is calculated according to IS:875 (Part 1).
a) Purlin load
Assumed Channel Section ISMC 125
Wt = 12.7 kg/m
Spacing of purlin = 1.57m
Load per square meter = 12.7/1.57
= 8.09 kg/m2
= say 0.0809 kN/m2
Bay spacing is 5m c/c
Intensity of load on rafter = 5 × 0.0809 = 0.4045 kN/m
Hence purlin load = 0.4045 kN/m
b) Sheeting load
Galvanized sheeting (1.6mm thk) = 0.131 kN/m2
(from IS 875 – 1987 Part 1)
Intensity of load on rafter = 5 × 0.131 = 0.655 kN/m
3.1.2 Crane load calculation for conventional steel frame
Crane capacity = 100 kN
Weight of crane excluding crab = 252 kN
Span of crane between rails (B) = 29.2m
Minimum hook approach (a) = 0.85m
Wheel base (b) = 4m
Span of gantry girder (L) = 5m
a) Crane dead load calculation
Max reaction at A = 252/2 = 126 kN
Since there are two wheels at A = 126/2 = 63 kN
Total load on column C1 = 63+ (63 x (5 – 4) / 5) = 75.6 kN
29.2 m
A B
10 ton 25.2 ton
3. Comparative Study of Pre-Engineered and Conventional Steel Frames for Different Wind Zones
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b) Crane live load calculation
Crane dead load calculation
Max reaction at A = ((29.2 – 0.85) × 100) / 29.2 = 97.08 kN
Min reaction at B = 100 – 97.08 = 2.92 kN
Since there are two wheels at A = 97.08 / 2 = 48.54 kN
Since there are two wheels at B = 2.92 / 2 = 1.46 kN
Since it’s an EOT crane taking 25% impact allowance
Total load for A = 48.54 × 1.25 = 60.68 kN
Total load for B = 1.46 ×1.25 = 1.825 kN
Total load on column C1 = 60.68 + (60.68 × (5 – 4)) / 5 = 72.82 kN
Total load on column C2 = 1.825 + (1.825 × (5 – 4)) / 5 = 2.19 kN
Horizontal thrust
10% wt of trolley + lifted load = 10 kN
This load is transferred to the crane girder through two wheels of craneLoad on wheels = 10/2 = 5 kN
Load on column = 5 + (5 × 1) /(5) = 6 kN
Summary of crane load:
Dead load on column A and B = 75.6 kN
Live load on column A = 72.82 kN
Live load on column B = 2.19 kN
Horizontal thrust = 6 kN
3.1.3 Live load on conventional steel frame
Live load is calculated according to IS:875 (Part 2).
The slope of the roof is 16.7° the live load for non accessible roof of 0.75 kN/m2
is reduce to 0.62 kN/m2
by
0.02 kN/m2
for every degree increase in slope over 10°.
Intensity of load on rafter = 0.62 × 5 = 3.1 kN/m
3.1.4 Wind load on conventional steel frame
Wind load is calculated according to IS:875 (Part 3).
Location: Bombay
Terrain: Category 1 Class: B
Risk coefficient (k1): 1
Structure size factor (k2): 1.04
Topography factor (k3): 1
Basic wind speed (Vb): 44 m/s
Design wind velocity (Vz): 44 x 1 x 1.04 x 1 = 45.8 m/s
Design wind pressure (Pz): 0.6 x 45.82
= 1.25 kN/m2
The internal pressure coefficients are taken as +0.2 and -0.2.
Building height ratio (h/w): 0.34 and Building plan ratio (L/w): 1.34
External pressure coefficients (Cpe) for walls of rectangular clad building are taken as +0.7 and -0.25
External pressure coefficients (Cpe) for pitch roof of rectangular clad building are taken as -0.64 and -0.4
Roof angle – 16.70
Wind load on individual members are then calculated by
F = (Cpe – Cpi) × A × Pz
Span of girder (L)
b63kN 63kN
C1 C2
b
4. Comparative Study of Pre-Engineered and Conventional Steel Frames for Different Wind Zones
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3.2 Model of pre-engineered steel frame on Staad. Pro V8i
Fig 2 : Model of pre-engineered steel frame on Staad. Pro V8i
3.2.1 Dead load on pre-engineered steel frame
a) Purlin load
Assumed Z - section with clips 200×60×20×3.15
Wt = 8.23 kg/m
Spacing of purlin = 1.51m
Load per square meter = 8.23/1.51
= 5.45 kg/m2
= say 0.0545 kN/m2
Bay spacing is 5m c/c
Intensity of load on rafter = 5 × 0.0545 = 0.29 kN/m
Hence purlin load = 0.2725 kN/m
b) Sheeting load
Galvanized sheeting (0.63mm thk) = 0.056 kN/m2
(from IS 875 – 1987 Part 1)
Intensity of load on rafter = 5 × 0.056 = 0.28 kN/m
3.2.2 Crane load calculation for pre-engineered steel frame
Crane load calculations are same as that for conventional portal hence refer (3.1.2 load calculation for carne
load)
Summary of crane load:
Dead load on column A and B = 75.6 kN
Live load on column A = 72.82 kN
Live load on column B = 2.19 kN
Horizontal thrust = 6 kN
3.2.3 Live load on pre-engineered steel frame
The slope of the roof is 6° the live load for non accessible roof of 0.75 kN/m2
is adopted.With the Bay spacing
of 5m.
Intensity of load on the rafter = 5 × 0.75 = 3.75 kN/m
3.2.4 Wind load on conventional steel frame
Location: Bombay
Terrain: Category 1 Class: B
Risk coefficient (k1): 1
Structure size factor (k2): 1.04
Topography factor (k3): 1
Basic wind speed (Vb): 44 m/s
Design wind velocity (Vz): 44 x 1 x 1.04 x 1 = 45.8 m/s
Design wind pressure (Pz): 0.6 x 45.82
= 1.25 kN/m2
The internal coefficients are taken as +0.2 and -0.2.
Building height ratio (h/w): 0.34 and Building plan ratio (L/w): 1.34
External pressure coefficients (Cpe) for walls of rectangular clad building are taken as +0.7 and -0.25
External pressure coefficients (Cpe) for pitch roof of rectangular clad building are taken as -0.96 and -0.4
Roof angle - 60
Wind load on individual members are then calculated by
F = (Cpe – Cpi) × A × Pz
5. Comparative Study of Pre-Engineered and Conventional Steel Frames for Different Wind Zones
www.irjes.com 55 | Page
V. RESULTS
5.1 Graphical representation of result comparison of structure for span 30 m and bay spacing 4 m
Fig 3 : Graphical representation of comparison of deflection at eaves level for bay spacing 4m
Fig 4 : Graphical representation of comparison of deflection in ridge portion for bay spacing 4m
Fig 5 : Graphical representation of comparison of dead load for bay spacing 4m
6. Comparative Study of Pre-Engineered and Conventional Steel Frames for Different Wind Zones
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Fig 6 : Graphical representation of comparison of steel quantity for bay spacing 4m
5.2 Graphical representation of result comparison of structure for span 30 m and bay spacing 5 m
Fig 7 : Graphical representation of comparison of deflection at eaves level for bay spacing 5m
Fig 8 : Graphical representation of comparison of deflection in ridge portion for bay spacing 5m
7. Comparative Study of Pre-Engineered and Conventional Steel Frames for Different Wind Zones
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Fig 9 : Graphical representation of comparison of dead load for bay spacing 5m
Fig 10 : Graphical representation of comparison of sreel quantity for bay spacing 5m
5.2 Graphical representation of result comparison of structure for span 30 m and bay spacing 6 m
Fig 11 : Graphical representation of comparison of deflection at eaves level for bay spacing 6m
8. Comparative Study of Pre-Engineered and Conventional Steel Frames for Different Wind Zones
www.irjes.com 58 | Page
Fig 12 : Graphical representation of comparison of deflection in ridge portion for bay spacing 6m
Fig 13 : Graphical representation of comparison of dead load for bay spacing 6 m
Fig 14 : Graphical representation of comparison of steel quantity for bay spacing 6m
9. Comparative Study of Pre-Engineered and Conventional Steel Frames for Different Wind Zones
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VI. DISCUSSIONS
Deflection in ridge portion and eaves level in pre-engineered steel frames always more due to light
weight structure when compared to that deflection in conventional steel frames.
From the graphs, it is seen that result on an average of consumption of steel for considered wind
zones(wind zone 2, wind zone 3, wind zone 4, wind zone 5) is about 14%, 18% & 14% more in case of
conventional steel frames of bay spacing 4m, 5m and 6m respectively, as compared to pre-engineered steel
frames.
From the graphs, it is seen that result on an average of dead load of the structure for considered wind
zones(wind zone 2, wind zone 3, wind zone 4, wind zone 5) is reduced about 19%, 23% & 18% in pre-
engineered steel frames as compared to conventional steel frames.
A remarkable reduction in dead load is due to use of tapered sections with large depths instead of hot
rolled steel sections. The use of light weight cold form purlin Z - section also plays a significant role in reducing
the dead load.
VII. CONCLUSION
The comparative study of pre-engineered and conventional steel frames shows that pre-engineered steel
frames are beneficial for ware houses equipped with cranes. Pre engineered structure is more economical than
conventional steel structure because of less steel required. Apart from main parameters steel quantity, reduction
in dead load, concrete quantity and cost, transportation cost, time for completing the project, speed and quality
of work are also the advantages of pre-engineered steel frames. And in this way, all the advantages of pre
engineered Steel structures can be claimed.
REFERENCES
Journal Papers:.
[1]. Zamil Steel Technical Manual “Pre-Engineered Building Division” 1999, Saudi Arabia.
[2]. Pre-Engineered metal Buildings the latest trend in building construction” by K.K.Mitra – Gen.
Manager (marketing) Lloyd Insulations (India) Limited.
[3]. Paul Mc Entee, S.E. (2009), “Steel Moment Frames – History and Evaluation”, Structural Engineering
Megazine.
[4]. Nikhil Agrawal, Achal Kr. Mittal and V.K.Gupta (2009), “Design of a Gable frames based wind forces
from a few international design wind codes”, The Seveth Asia-Pacific conference on Wind Engineering,
November 8-12, 2009, Taipei, Talwan.
[5]. Dr. S.K.Dubey, Prakash Sangamnerkar and Prabhat Soni (2012), “ Analysis of steel roof truss under
normal permeability condition” , International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Studies,
Vol.1, Issue IV, pp. 08 -12.
[6]. Soni Prabhat, Dubey S.K. and Sangamnerkar Prakash (2013), “Comparison of Design of Steel Roof
Truss using IS 875 and SP 38”, Research Journal of Engineering Sciences, Vol. 2(5), pp. 47-49.
[7]. C. Vasanthkumar (2013), “Structural optimization of an industrial building frames by genetic
algorithm”, International Journal of Engineering science and technology (IJEST), Volume 5.
[8]. Anbuchezian A., Dr. Baskar. G (2013), Experimental study on cold formed steel purlin sections,
IRACST – Engineering Science and Technology, An International Journal (ESTIJ), ISSN: 2250 – 3498,
Volume.3. No.2
Books:
[1]. N. Subramaniam, Design of steel structures
[2]. S.K.Duggal, Limit state design of steel structures
IS codes:
[1]. IS : 875 (Part 1) – 1987 Code of Practice for design loads (other than earthquake) for buildings and
structures (Dead load)
[2]. IS : 875 (Part 2) – 1987 Code of Practice for design loads (other than earthquake) for buildings and
structures (Imposed load)
[3]. IS : 875 (Part 3) – 1987 Code of Practice for design loads (other than earthquake) for buildings and
structures (Wind load)
[4]. IS: 800 – 2007 Indian Standard General Construction in Steel – Code of Practice.
[5]. IS: 801 – 1975 Code of practice for use of Cold formed light gauge steel Structural members in general
building construction.