Smart grid applications, renewable energy utilization and electric vehicles (EVs) are attracting researchers due to their importance nowadays as well as in the future. An efficient power electronic converter is a main and common topic for research in this area. In this paper, a prototype of the electrical part of a power-train for EVs using an advanced multilevel converter topology is introduced, discussed and analysed. A comparison between the advanced converter, two-level and conventional multilevel converter topology is discussed as well. A switch function model is derived and discussed for the proposed converter. A mathematical model for the converter supplied by a fuel-cell (FC) and boost-converter (BC) is implemented with Matlab/Simulink. The simulation results are analysed to evaluate the converter. The evaluation is based on the harmonic analysis and power loss calculations. The converters are tested at different switching frequencies to show the effect of this variable on the converter loss. The results indicate that the proposed converter is 1.32% more efficient compared to conventional five-level DCC. Moreover, the lowest harmonic content, for all of the studied converters, is the proposed one

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An Advanced Multilevel Converter Topology with
Reduced Switching Elements
ABSTRACT:
Smart grid applications, renewable energy utilization and electric vehicles (EVs) are attracting
researchers due to their importance nowadays as well as in the future. An efficient power
electronic converter is a main and common topic for research in this area. In this paper, a
prototype of the electrical part of a power-train for EVs using an advanced multilevel converter
topology is introduced, discussed and analysed. A comparison between the advanced converter,
two-level and conventional multilevel converter topology is discussed as well. A switch function
model is derived and discussed for the proposed converter. A mathematical model for the
converter supplied by a fuel-cell (FC) and boost-converter (BC) is implemented with
Matlab/Simulink. The simulation results are analysed to evaluate the converter. The evaluation is
based on the harmonic analysis and power loss calculations. The converters are tested at different
switching frequencies to show the effect of this variable on the converter loss. The results
indicate that the proposed converter is 1.32% more efficient compared to conventional five-
level DCC. Moreover, the lowest harmonic content, for all of the studied converters, is the
proposed one
KEYWORDS:
1.Multilevel converter,
2.Diode-clamped-Converter,
3.T5 converter
SOFTWARE: MATLAB/SIMULINK

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BLOCK DIAGRAM:
Fig. 1. Block diagram for the proposed system as a part of
EVs prototype.
SIMULINK BLOCK DIAGRAM:
Fig. 2. Simulink block-diagram for the modulation function
of the PD-SVPWM

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EXPECTED SIMULATION RESULTS:
Fig. 3. Controlled dc-link voltage Fig. 9. Phase-A voltage and current at a switching
frequency of 5kHz
Fig. 10. Machine speed and torque at full load operation Fig. 11. THD factor for two-level, T-type and
converters

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CONCLUSION:
A prototype for an EV using an advanced multilevel converter is introduced, analysed, and
discussed. A switching function model for the T5 is derived, discussed and built on
Matlab/Simulink. The converter is loaded by an induction machine as a part of the EV system.
The comparison between the proposed converter and conventional DCC converter indicates that
the proposed one has lower switching elements, reduced converter loss, simplified power circuit,
driving as well as control circuits. The harmonic analysis indicated that the proposed converter
has the lowest THD factor for both voltage and current compared to two as well as three-level
converters. The power loss calculation indicates that the proposed converter increases the
efficiency of the five-level converter by 1.32%. The T-type converter has lower losses but with
more harmonic contents which affects the machine losses. The study indicatesthat the proposed
converter is efficient to be used for ac drive,electric vehicles and renewable energy applications
REFERENCES:
[1] Majid Zandi, Alireza Payman, Jean-Philippe Martin, Serge Pierfederici, Bernard Davat,
”Energy Management of a Fuel Cell/Supercapacitor/Battery Power Source for Electric Vehicular
Applications,” IEEE Trans. of Vehicular Technology, vol. 60, no. 2, Feb. 2011.
[2] Alireza Payman, Serge Pierfederici, and Farid Meibody, ” Energy Management in a Fuel
Cell/Supercapacitor Multisource/Multiload Electrical Hybrid System,” IEEE Trans. of Power
Electronics, vol. 24, no. 12, December 2009.
[3] Omar Z.Sharaf, Mehmet F. Orhan, ” An overview of fuel cell technology: Fundamentals and
applications,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 32 , pp. 810 - 853, 2014.
[4] M. Al Sakka, J. Van Mierlo, H. Gualous, and P. Lataire,” Comparison of 30KWDC/DC
Converter topologies interfaces for fuel cell in hybrid electric vehicle,” 13th Eur. Conf. Power
Electron. Appl., Barcelona, Spain , 8 - 10 Sep. 2009.

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[5] Mubashwar Md., Mekhilef S., Mahrous A.,” Three-phase hybrid multilevel inverter with less
power electronic components using space vector,”IET Power Electron., vol. 7, no. 5, pp. 1256 -
1265, 2014.