about manufacturing and preparation of ayurvedic and homeopathy drugs

1. MANUFACTURING OF
AYURVEDIC AND
HOMEOPATHIC PREPARATION
PRESENTED BY-
VIJAIY S
III PHARM.D

2. AYURVEDIC
PREPARATION
Ayurveda is a system of
medicine with historical roots
in the Indian subcontinent.
Globalized and modernized
practices derived from
Ayurveda traditions are a type
of alternative medicine. In
countries beyond India,
Ayurvedic therapies and
practices have been integrated
in general wellness
applications and in some cases
in medical use

3. Different pharmaceutical processes are used to make Ayurvedic remedies. The
most important forms are:
1.Juice
2.Power
3.Decoction
4.Paste
5.Infusion
6.Cold Infusion
7.Milk Preparation
8.Linctus or Jam
9.Medicated Oil and Ghee
10.Alcoholic Preparations
11.Pills or Tablets
12.Scale Preparations
13.Medicines Prepared by Sublimation
14.Collyrium
These different methods or processes for making Ayurvedic preparations are
discussed in detail below, along with some common examples.

4. 1. Juice (svarasa)
This is generally obtained from leaves, flowers, fruits and Tender
stems. These parts are first of all washed well and cold-pressed to
take out the juice. Sometimes, these plant-parts are made to a paste
by adding water. Then the juice is extracted by squeezing through a
cloth. In some cases, special methods are also required to be used.
Kumari (Aloe barbadensis) is a very useful drug for girls. It is
commonly used for their menstrual disorders and hormonal
imbalance, and liver disorders in both the sexes. Because of its fleshy
nature, it is slightly difficult to extract the juice. For this purpose, the
plant should be either steam-boiled or roasted over the fire first and
then juice should be taken out after squeezing through a cloth. This
juice has a bitter taste.
Bilva (Aegle marmelos) is commoly used for the cure of diabetes and
stomach disordes. For extracting the juice of this drug, the leaves of
this plant are wrapped with mud and made into a bolus form. This
bolus is heated in fire and the juice is squeezed out after breaking
the bolus.

5. 2. Powder (churna)
Generally, leaves, stems, barks and roots are used for Preparing
powder. For this purpose, these plant parts are dried in the shade and
then powdered. Certain plants may also be exposed to the sun while
drying. These should be powdered only when these are completely
dried; otherwise these may be infested with fungus. This powder
should be stored in dry and airtight’ glass bottles. It remains
therapeutically effective for one year. Generally, powders of different
drugs are mixed together to make them more effective.
Some of more woody and fibrous plants can only be ground with the
help of some kind of machine. Madhuyasti (Glycyrrhiza glabra) is such
type of fibrous drug. The powder of madhuyasti (Glycyrrhiza glabra)
is a good laxative. It is also used for the treatment of rheumatism and
as a rejuvenating medicine.
Bhringa raja (Eclipta Alba) is a plant, which is commonly used in hair
oil. It is also taken internally to correct the function of the liver. To
this powder, the powder of katuki (Picorrhiza kurroa) is added along
with the powdered rock salt.

6. 3. Decoction (kvatha)
This is prepared by boiling the drugs in water. According of the hardness of the
drug, either four, eight or sixteen times of water is added to the drug and boiled
till one fourth remains. This decoction is filtered and the filtrate is used
medically. Sometimes various things are added, like butter, honey, sugar jaggery
or oils.
4. Paste (kalka)
The leaf, flower, bark, stem or root is ground by adding Some water for
preparing paste.
5. Infusion (phanta)
These are mostly hot infusions of herbs in water; for example the classical herb
teas, such as mint, rose, and jasmin. The herbs are steeped for a few minutes
and then the infusion is strained. While steeping, the herbs should be covered.
6. Cold Infusion (situ kasaya)
The powder of drug is soaked in water and kept overnight. The next morning, it
is strained out through a cloth and taken by adding honey, sugar, or another
sweetener. Generally, one teaspoon per tumbler of water is used for this
purpose.
Triphala (a collective name of amalaki or Emblica officinalis, haritaki
or Terminallia chebula and bibhitaka or Terminalia belerica) is commonly used
like sita kasaya. It is astringent in taste. It is taken internally by adding honey
and also externally for washing the eyes. It promotes eyes sight as well as the
power of resistance.

7. 7. Milk Preparation (ksira paka)
This is prepared by boiling one part of the drug with eight parts milk
and thirty two parts of water. When it is reduced to one fourth, it
should be filtered and the filtrate is to be taken by an adding sugar,
etc.
8. Linctus or Jam (avaleha, lehya, paka, prasa or khanda )
This is a typical Ayurvedic preparation. Generally, the powder or paste
of the main drug (1 part), sugar (4 parts), jaggery (2 parts) and liquid,
such as the decoction or the juice of the drug (4 parts) are mixed and
cooked over fire. When the recipe becomes semi-solid in consistency,
the powder of mentioned drugs should be added as praksepa and
stirred well. Then the recipe should be taken out from the fire,
allowed to cool and honey should be mixed. This linctus should be
stored in a ghee smeared porcelain jar. If pumpkin is mentioned in
the formula, then first the ghee or oil is to be heated and the
pumpkin is to be fried. Then afterwards, the liquid, jaggery, and
drugs should be added and cooked according to the procedure.
Cyavana prasa is perhaps the best preparation of linctus. It is an
excellent tonic which is rich in amalaki (Emblica officinalis). It is
useful in curing chronic lungs diseases like chronic bronchitis,
tuberculosis, cough and asthma and also acts as a wonderful tonic for

8. 9. Medicated Oil and Ghee (taila and ghrta)
These are prepared by cooking The ghee or oil with the juice or the decoction and paste of the
drugs. For the preparation of medicated ghee or medicated oil, the following three components
are generally used:
(a) Drava or liquid. It includes decoction, juice, milk, buttermilk, meat soup etc. This liquid may
be one or more.
(b) Kalka or paste. A fine paste of the drug.
(c) Sneha dravya or fat. It includes taila (oil) and drugs (ghee).
Unless otherwise specified, for such recipes, paste of drugs should be one-fourth the amount
of ghee or oil and the liquid should be four times that of the ghee or oil. If no liquid is specified
in the recipe then water should be used. When liquids are four or less than four, then each one
of them should be four times that of ghee or oil. When liquids are more than four, then each of
them should be equal to the quantity of oil or ghee.
For preparing medicated oil or medicated ghee, the paste, liquid and oil or ghee are mixed
together and cooked. The recipe should be stirred constantly to avoid the paste at the bottom
from getting charred. If more than one liquid is mentioned then these are to be added one after
the other. The second liquid should be added only after the first liquid gets evaporated. After
the moisture of the liquids is evaporated, the moisture of the paste will start evaporating. This
is the time when the recipe should be stirred more frequently to avoid the paste getting burnt
at the bottom of the vessel.
When a medicated taila or oil gets properly cooked, a large amount of foam appears at the
surface of the oil. On the other hand, when the medicated ghrta or ghee gets properly cooked,
a large quantity of foam, which had already appeared over its surface, subsides. Thereafter, the
recipe should be strained out. If salt or any alkali preparation is to be added to the recipe, then

9. 10. Alcoholic Preparations (asava and arista)
These are the varieties of herbal wines prepared by natural
fermentation with yeast. The maximum alcohol percentage of this
preparation is 15. In the case of arista, the drug is used after boiling
and making a decoction. While for making an asava, the drug is not
boiled, it is simply added. All the drugs, decoctions, juices, etc. are
fermented in a suitable container. In the old days, an earthen pot was
used. The inside border of this pot is smeared with a little turmeric
powder and ghee to prevent the mixture from becoming sour. This
pot is sealed and then kept for about a month in underground cellar
in a heap of barley, etc.
11. Pills or Tablets (gutika, vati and modaka)
This type of medicine is prepared in pills or tablet form. Individual
ingredients of these preparations, namely vegetable products, animal
products, metals, minerals and gems are first of all to be cleaned of
external impurities and internal poisonous effects. The vegetable
drugs should be dried and made to a fine powder, separately. Then
prescribed liquid is added and triturated well until a fine paste is
prepared.

10. If more than one liquid is mentioned, they are to be added one after another.
If no liquid is mentioned, water should be added. Out of this mixture, pills of
specified size are prepared. They are dried in the shade or sum as
mentioned in the text. Sugandha dravya (fragrant drugs) like karpura
(camphor), kasturi (musk), etc. are added at the end and triturated. If
jaggery, sugar, etc. are mentioned in the recipe, then paka (syrup) of these
drugs should be made on mild fire and then mixed with the powder of drugs
. If parada (mercury) and sulphur are mentioned, then kajjali (collyrium like
black fine powder) should be made first and thereafter other drugs should
be added.
Instead of pills, nowadays these recipes are being prepared in tablet form by
a tablet making machines. For this purpose, binding material like gum-
arabica is added. If guggulu is one of the ingredients, then no binding
material is needed.
These pills should be stored in airtight clean and dry glass bottle. These
retain their therapeutic effect for two years. Pills containing minerals can be
used for an indefinite period.
12. Scale Preparations (parpati)
These are generally prepared by Pouring a melted substance on a leaf. First
of all kajjali (collyrium like fine black powder) of parada and gandhaka and
the powder of other drugs (if mentioned) are put in an iron vessel and kept
over fire. This melted substance should be poured on banana leaf or
eranda (Ricinus communis) leaf spread over fresh cow-dung. Then another

11. 13. Medicines Prepared by Sublimation (kupipakva rasayana)
This means literally rejuvenating agent prepared in a glass bottle. For
preparing it, drugs of mineral and metallic origin, are mixed together in fine
powder form, then are placed in a glass bottle (kaca kupi), one-third of its
capacity. The bottle is smeared with mud smeared cloth in seven consecutive
layers. This bottle is heated in valukayantra. The mouth of the bottle is kept
open in the beginning, later it is closed. In this way sulphur gets sublimated.
A red-hot iron rod is inserted in to the bottle through its opening, so that
bottle may not be choked by a thick coating of subliming sulphur. When the
bottle gets cooled, it is removed carefully and broken in the middle. The
sindura deposited at the neck is carefully scraped off and collected. These
preparations are generally red, yellow, or dark in colour. They retain their
therapeutic effect for indefinite period.
Pisti can then be prepared by triturating the drug with the specified liquids.
After purification, the drug is generally triturated by adding rose water,
unless otherwise mentioned. Thereafter, it is dried in sun or moonlight glass
bottles. They contain their therapeutic effects indefinitely.
14. Collyrium (anjana)
These are special preparations for eyes. For their Preparation, the fine
powder of drugs should be well triturated by adding specified liquid to form
a soft paste. From out of this, thin sticks are made.

12. HOMEOPATHIC
PREPARATION
A system of medical practice
that treats a disease
especially by the
administration of minute
doses of a remedy that
would in larger amounts
produce in healthy persons
symptoms similar to those
of the disease

13. The entire process of making a Homeopathic medicine consists of the
following steps:
1. Selection of raw material
2. Trituration of raw material if insoluble in water or alcohol (Grinding
with mortar and pestle)
3. Preparation of liquid potencies by dilution and succussion
4. Medication of blank pellets with liquid potencies
5. Drying of medicated pellets
6. Packaging of medicated pellets in vials for use by homeopathic
doctors for their patients, and by individuals for themselves and their
families.

14. n trituration, what we are doing is preparing a dry dilution. We take 1
gram of material and 99 grams of lactose, and mix them together
carefully before adding them to the ball mill. When the ball mill has
run for at least several hours, the material is removed and is
designated as the 1C level of potency. One gram of the 1C is mixed
with 99 grams of lactose and put back into a clean ball mill.
After grinding the material for at least several hours, the material is
carefully removed and is designated the 2C potency. In the same way,
1 gram of the 2C is mixed with 99 grams of lactose and ground in the
ball mill and becomes the 3C potency. Homeopathic materials are
therefore triturated for many hours to produce the final 3C triturate
which is then used to prepare liquid potencies. One gram of the 3C is
dissolved in a total of 100 milliliters of a water and alcohol solution.
In this way even substances which are completely insoluble are
turned into liquid preparations which may be treated just like liquid
preparations of soluble materials.
For the preparation of liquid potencies from solutions of soluble
substances, triturates, or plant mother tincture, there is a two-part
process at each step. First, we prepare a one to one hundred dilution
of the solution and then we succuss this new dilution vigorously at
each step. (Succussion is the forceful pounding of the liquid dilution
against a firm but resilient surface.) WE TAKE THIS PROCESS VERY
SERIOUSLY. THIS IS THE CORE FUNCTION AT OUR LABORATORY. It is

15. THANK YOU