Keynote address by Dr.KSR Prasad - Avenues for Research & Updates in Ayurveda at Abhijna-2012 on 8-3-2012 at Govt. Ayurveda Medical College, Bangalore.
Ayurveda a Food Science perfectly deals with the different kinds of food preparation which can be utilized in day to day life according to prakritti(basic constitution), desha(place), dosha(humors), kala(time).
Classification of Dravya in Charaka Samhitasenbinay
Charaka Samhita (CS) is one of the most referred & oldest Ayurvedic treatises. Dravyaguna (DGV) is one of the branches of Ayurveda, which deals with dravya (plants & other substances used as drugs & diets) with their guna (properties & actions) as to their beneficial or non-beneficial effects to healthy & disease condition. This presentation is highlighting the classification of such dravya in Charaka Samhita.
Ayurveda a Food Science perfectly deals with the different kinds of food preparation which can be utilized in day to day life according to prakritti(basic constitution), desha(place), dosha(humors), kala(time).
Classification of Dravya in Charaka Samhitasenbinay
Charaka Samhita (CS) is one of the most referred & oldest Ayurvedic treatises. Dravyaguna (DGV) is one of the branches of Ayurveda, which deals with dravya (plants & other substances used as drugs & diets) with their guna (properties & actions) as to their beneficial or non-beneficial effects to healthy & disease condition. This presentation is highlighting the classification of such dravya in Charaka Samhita.
Charak & 50 Mahakashay – Part 1 – By Prof.Dr.R.R.deshpande
• This Topic is very Popular in Ayurvedic field .This 50 Groups are like Readyrecknor or Practical Prescriber for Ayurvedic Medical Practice. This Topic is a part of Syllabus in 2 subjects of BAMS course –1) Dravyaguna vignyan ( Paper 1 Part A ,Point 10 –Dashemani Gan 2) Charak Purvardha ( Charak Sutrasthan ,Chaper 4 –Shadvirechan Shatiya) .Each group consists of 10 Herbs .So 50 x 10 = 500 Herbs .But unfortunately many Herbs are controversial & many are not available .Students will easily now note ,which plants are not available from this PPT .Also this PPT will explain the Pharmacodynamics of these herbs .So students by their own intelligence can add other herbs also in this Group
• Visit – www.ayurvedicfriend.com
Phone – 9226810630
Ayurveda shows a way forward to drug discoverysaumyagulati4
drug discovery in Ayurveda.
Is there is a need for Stepwise drug discovery in Ayurveda?
i:e from in-vitro to Clinical.
or Clinical to laboratory research in Ayurveda.
Vati/Gutika kalpana is a pharmaceutical procedure in which the powder of raw drugs (Herbal or Herbo-minerals) triturated together with certain Kashayam (decoction) or swarasa (fresh extract or juice of plants) or even honey and the medicines are prepared in the form of pills or tablets. Vataka, gutika, vati, modaka, vatika, pindi, guda and varti are the synonyms of vati. Differences may prevail in the shape or size of the above preparations, but the pharmaceutical procedure remains same. Present presentation is based on Gutika kalpa according to C.C.I.M. Syllabus for M.D. Final year curriculum of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya kalpana paper 3, Rasa Chikitsa and aushadha vigyana, Part B (d).
in ayurvedic pharmacology some drugs have action according to their aura. this aura treat patients in various aspects eg wearing of jems and different stones
Browne Jacobson - Elderly Care Conference 2016 - Workshop Stream A, Capacity ...Browne Jacobson LLP
Britain's ageing population has created distinct legal issues and liabilities. This annual conference brings together leading experts to discuss and explain:
• inquests and serious investigations
• mental capacity and decision making
• medical treatment; and
• the role of the commissioner/provider in an integrated care environment.
These issues, and more, are covered in streamed workshops and plenary sessions by leaders within Care England, Candesic, NHS Litigation Authority as well as Senior Coroner for the City of Birmingham and Solihull Districts, specialist barristers and experts from Browne Jacobson.
Aimed at senior management from across the NHS, local authorities and the private health and social care sector, this one day national conference helps you to understand and plan for the increasing legal risks associated with an ageing population, and how you can protect yourself, your organisation and your service users.
https://www.brownejacobson.com/health/services/elderly-care
Charak & 50 Mahakashay – Part 1 – By Prof.Dr.R.R.deshpande
• This Topic is very Popular in Ayurvedic field .This 50 Groups are like Readyrecknor or Practical Prescriber for Ayurvedic Medical Practice. This Topic is a part of Syllabus in 2 subjects of BAMS course –1) Dravyaguna vignyan ( Paper 1 Part A ,Point 10 –Dashemani Gan 2) Charak Purvardha ( Charak Sutrasthan ,Chaper 4 –Shadvirechan Shatiya) .Each group consists of 10 Herbs .So 50 x 10 = 500 Herbs .But unfortunately many Herbs are controversial & many are not available .Students will easily now note ,which plants are not available from this PPT .Also this PPT will explain the Pharmacodynamics of these herbs .So students by their own intelligence can add other herbs also in this Group
• Visit – www.ayurvedicfriend.com
Phone – 9226810630
Ayurveda shows a way forward to drug discoverysaumyagulati4
drug discovery in Ayurveda.
Is there is a need for Stepwise drug discovery in Ayurveda?
i:e from in-vitro to Clinical.
or Clinical to laboratory research in Ayurveda.
Vati/Gutika kalpana is a pharmaceutical procedure in which the powder of raw drugs (Herbal or Herbo-minerals) triturated together with certain Kashayam (decoction) or swarasa (fresh extract or juice of plants) or even honey and the medicines are prepared in the form of pills or tablets. Vataka, gutika, vati, modaka, vatika, pindi, guda and varti are the synonyms of vati. Differences may prevail in the shape or size of the above preparations, but the pharmaceutical procedure remains same. Present presentation is based on Gutika kalpa according to C.C.I.M. Syllabus for M.D. Final year curriculum of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya kalpana paper 3, Rasa Chikitsa and aushadha vigyana, Part B (d).
in ayurvedic pharmacology some drugs have action according to their aura. this aura treat patients in various aspects eg wearing of jems and different stones
Browne Jacobson - Elderly Care Conference 2016 - Workshop Stream A, Capacity ...Browne Jacobson LLP
Britain's ageing population has created distinct legal issues and liabilities. This annual conference brings together leading experts to discuss and explain:
• inquests and serious investigations
• mental capacity and decision making
• medical treatment; and
• the role of the commissioner/provider in an integrated care environment.
These issues, and more, are covered in streamed workshops and plenary sessions by leaders within Care England, Candesic, NHS Litigation Authority as well as Senior Coroner for the City of Birmingham and Solihull Districts, specialist barristers and experts from Browne Jacobson.
Aimed at senior management from across the NHS, local authorities and the private health and social care sector, this one day national conference helps you to understand and plan for the increasing legal risks associated with an ageing population, and how you can protect yourself, your organisation and your service users.
https://www.brownejacobson.com/health/services/elderly-care
Integrating Environmental and Social Safeguards in Subnational REDD+ Planning...CIFOR-ICRAF
This presentation was delivered at the third Asia-Pacific Forestry Week 2016, in Clark Freeport Zone, Philippines.
The five sub-thematic streams at APFW 2016 included:
Pathways to prosperity: Future trade and markets
Tackling climate change: challenges and opportunities
Serving society: forestry and people
New institutions, new governance
Our green future: green investment and growing our natural assets
Concept of balya and brimhana (immunity and micronutrients) in ayurvedaKopila Adhikari
according to ayurveda many diseases arises due to lack of immunity powder. proper nutrition and herbal preparation helps to boost up energy and to relief malnutrition.
Understanding of dravya, guna and paryay is the foundation of undertstanding how the universe works as per the Jain philosophy.
This presentation throws light on these concepts.
Dravyagun IMP Schlok - PPT
By Prof. Dr. R. R. Deshpande
• This PPT has following features –
• Imp Contents – Definitions of Dravya, Guna, Karma, Veerya, Prabhav ;What is Nighantu, Properties of Panchabhautik Dravyas ;Functions of 6 Tastes, Explanation of different karmas like Sanshodhan & Shaman ;Definitions of Charak Mahakashay ;Mishrak gan
• Visit – www.ayurvedicfriend.com
• Phone – 922 68 10 630
GEOLOGICAL FIELD SURVEY TO KUMARAMALAI REGIONS OF SANDUR – HADDINAPADE IRON ORE MINES OF BELLARY DISTRICT-KARNATAKA, BY-
DR.M.GOPI KRISHNA
ASST-PROFFESOR
DEPT. OF RASA SHASTRA
S.J.G.AYURVEDIC MEDICAL COLLEGE AND P.G RESEARCH CENTRE, KOPPAL, KARNATAKA
Contra indication of ayurvedic medicine dr ms krishnamurthysrimuliya
Ayurvedic medicines do have side effects. Irrational usage of herbal drugs may lead into complications. The user has to take the opinion from a qualified expert of the concerned field (Ayurveda) before its administration.
Introduction to research designs and Approaches
difference between design and approach
types of research approach-Qualitative, Quantitative, Mixed
classification of research -designs based approaches
elements of research design
factors need to be considered while selecting a research design
Research Methodology Syllabus PPT ( CCIM 2012 ) -- By Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande
• This PPT – Based on New Syllabus of CCIM ,implemented from 2012 .This is like ATP – Advanced Teaching programme of that particular subject .Very useful for Teachers & Students of Ayurved college .Student can recite this syllabus ,which can boost up their confidence to get success in that subject .Teachers & students can download this PPT in their smart phone ,to keep eye on their subject goal .
• Visit – www.ayurvedicfriend.com
• Phone – 922 68 10 630
Ayurveda Research Vision 2020 by Ayurmitra Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://www.technoayurveda.com/
Guest lecture at DrBRKR GAC, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, on 26-03-14
Basic & original thoughts about research by Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpanderajendra deshpande
Research Activity can not be done by forceful Implementation –Why ?
This ppt is prepared & uploaded by Prof.dr.R.R.Deshpande on 29-10-13 .This ppt will give you new insight about Research Activity.Prof Dr.R.R.Deshpande feels that Research Activity can not be done by any external superimposed force .Because it needs Attitude & Apptitude of a person for Research .MUHS is thinking in a wrong direction by compelling teachers to do Research & Publish research Papers ,if they want to be BOS member or Academic Council member or to become Examiner. Let us try to understand PPT & then share your views with Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande . .Please feel free to discuss any thing to us on 922 68 10 630 or through mail on – mailme.drrrdeshpande@rediffmail.com
Open Access to Biomedical Research in India: Contributions Made by Indian Sci...Anup Kumar Das
Open Access to Biomedical Research in India: Contributions Made by Indian Scientists for Global Access;
Presented in KCL-JNU Workshop On Biomedical Innovation and the Public; Session: Open Access and Biomedical Innovation: Trends, Issues and the Way Forward. 13-14 March 2014, JNU Convention Centre, New Delhi
Organized by King's College London (KCL) and Jawaharlal Nehru University.
Identifying and tracking research resources using RRIDs: a practical approachdkNET
At this presentation, you will learn (1) Why you need to use Research Resource identifier (RRID) (2) What is Resource Identification Initiative (3) How dkNET.org supports RRID (4) What can you do with RRID
Training Program for Panchakarma Assistant
(20-24/05-2024)
Department of Panchkarma, Gurukul Campus
Uttarakhand Ayurved University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand
Training Program for Panchakarma Assistant
(20-24/05-2024)
Department of Panchkarma, Gurukul Campus
Uttarakhand Ayurved University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand
Technoayurveda’s Practical SOP Panchakarma - 2nd edition
by Ayurmitra Prof Prasad KSR & Prof Meena S Deogade
High lights: 4 sections, 38 Chapters, A4 size 272 + 18 Pages Full color
Detailed Explanation, SOP formats with appropriate illustrations
Paper: 70 GSM Maplitho (Text) 300 GSM Art Card (Cover)
Pages: 292 (Text) 4 Pages (Cover)
Print: 4-color (1-sided & inner side no print) (Text and Cover)
Size: 8.25 x 10.75 inches
Finish: Matte Lamination for Cover & Back, Perfect-binding for book with side-stitching
More Details of the Book at - https://technoayurveda.com/practical-sop-panchakarma/
Ayurmitra Nadi Bhishak Jyotisha Vaidya Prof Dr KSR Prasad explanation on Ayur-Jyotisham (Ayurveda Astrology) on the basis of Nakshatra Vriksha and Unique method of technoayurveda developed Cosmic anatomy and Cosmic Energy Garden - Jyotisha (Nakshtra) Vana.
Virechana Introduction, Seasonal administration and Agni intervention Guest lecture by Ayurmitra Nadibhishak, Jyotisha Vaidya Dr KSR Prasad at GAC Varanasi
Ayurmitra & Nadi Guru
Prof KSR Prasad (Technoayurveda)
9290566566/9503227966 / technoayurveda@yahoo.com
Lifestyle is a combination of determining intangible or tangible factors – the diseases generates because of are Lifestyle disorders
Jariatric (Geriatric) Psychological Trauma Management Through Ayurveda by Ayurmitra, Nadi Bhishak Prof KSR Prasad on 20-02-2021 @ SHRI HINGULAMBIKA AYURVEDIC MEDICAL COLLEGE AND HOSPITAL KALABURGI, KANATAKA
Selection of Bahya Snehana Techniques in Panchakarma by Ayurmitra, Nadi Bhishak, Prof KSR Prasad (Technoayurveda), Professor & Head, Panchakarma, LN Ayurved College, Bhopal, MP, 9290566566/9503227966 - technoayurveda@yahoo.com at eAyurshala Web Learning Ayurved Academy online lecture series on *Keraliya Panchakarma, 21st October 2020
Role of Vamana & Virechana in Lifestyle disorders by Ayurmitra Nadi Bhishak Prof KSR Prasad (Technoayurveda) in National Webinar On Role of Panchakarma in Lifestyle Disorders
On 15-09-2020 @ 2PM Panchakarma Dept, Govt PG Ayurveda College, Varanasi
Ayurmitra Nadi Bhishak Prof KSR Prasad (Technoayurveda) lecture on Precautionary measures & post COVID
management through Panchakarma
All Panchakarma are done even in COVID and
post COVID situations as per Ayurveda principles
following precautions
Viruddha Ahara referred in terms of food to food interactions or food processing interactions develops Toxicity because of antagonism. - by Ayurmitra Nadi Guru Prof KSR Prasad (Technoayurveda) 9290566566/9503227966 ‐ technoayurveda@yahoo.com
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
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1. Avenues for
& Updates in
Ayurveda
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://www.technoayurveda.com/
2. Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda
“Develop something what people want
and NOT What you can do.”
Abhijna 2012 . . .
A journey towards Anweshana
on 8th March 2012
at Govt. Ayurvedic Medical College, Bangalore
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://www.technoayurveda.com/
3. Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda
Dedicated to the Ayurveda Scientist –
Who followed “Doing Nothing” in his Life time
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://www.technoayurveda.com/
4. Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda
May be the distance obstruct my vision
May be the scene is limited to my Mind
May be it is realized or not to my Heart
What I see is the only Ayurveda . . .. . . . . through my window
An Ayurvedist perception
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://www.technoayurveda.com/
5. Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda
• Ayurveda Research Updates
are many – but to narrate
them becomes difficult -
• As many of them are not
published in any media or
known to any body
• Today we (try to) deal with
Research - Researcher –
Research Typology –
Avenues – Updates Examples
– Future Research proposals
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://www.technoayurveda.com/
6. Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda
• India has a vast history of Human, Animal &
Plants healing techniques as – Ayurveda,
Vrukshayurveda, Pashu Ayurveda,
Hastyayurveda, etc.
• The healing techniques are based on
fundamentals and principles - that are derived
after a long term research and observation.
• Basement and Roots are neglected and the
Beauty of Tree or Building is prized
• In Ayurveda Siddhanta, Dravyaguna,
Rasashastra, etc. are Basement departments
• We try to open “Nut principles” and “Products”
that are kept for the validation with the present
day philosophy
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://www.technoayurveda.com/
7. Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda
Research . . .
• The research is defined as - systematic
investigation and study of materials,
sources, etc., in order to establish facts
and reach conclusions or a search for
knowledge.
• Research is not just a method, it is a
system of organised knowledge
• Research is a social activity carried out
by groups of competing / co-operating /
communicating scientists (persons)
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://www.technoayurveda.com/
8. Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda
Research:
Increasing Options in Ayurveda
• Dissolving Boundaries between Sciences !
– ‘Interdisciplinary / Trans-disciplinary’ approach
• Dept of AYUSH / CCRAS
– Require Research Officers / Project staff
• ICMR institutes
– Requires trained in clinical research
• CSIR: Council for Scientific and Industrial
Research: www.csir.res.in
– JRF / SRF program, Project staff
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://www.technoayurveda.com/
9. Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda
Research Related Courses available for Ayur-Graduate
• MD./MS
• Ph.D.
• M.Sc.
– Health Sciences
– Dietetics
– Bioinformatics
– Clinical Research (www.icriindia.com)
• Clinical Toxicology
– Directorate of Forensic Laboratory, Mumbai
• Short Courses in various institutes
• M.Tech (Bio-geosciences) atTamilnadu
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://www.technoayurveda.com/
10. Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda
Teaching levels for PGs
UG level 1. Concept & principles
2. Clinical uses
3. Research insights
PG level 4. Innovative ideas, Newer applications
5. Development of technologies, products
6. Value addition to scientific knowledge
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://www.technoayurveda.com/
11. Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda
A Post-graduate is . . .
• In-depth knowledge of subject
• Good clinical experience & application
• Research Methodology & Biostatistics
+
• Update information
A Graduate • Soft skills
• Innovative approach
= A Post-graduate
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://www.technoayurveda.com/
12. Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda
Research : Key issues
• Methodology is important
• Standard Design developed as per research
question raised
– Each situation demand different methodology
• Availability of Opportunities in Ayur-research
Eye can see when brain knows ! - Dr Abhay Bang
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://www.technoayurveda.com/
13. Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda
Lacunae at Ayurveda Research
• Choosing a topic and a • Research protocol
supervisor • Ethical approval
• Reviewing the literature • Funding
• Stating the hypothesis • Data collection
• Project outline • Interpretation of data
• Record keeping and note • Writing the report
making • Presenting a paper
• Registering your research • Writing a paper for
project publication
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://www.technoayurveda.com/
14. Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda
Checklist for Success (Do I Have?)
• Impressive Background
• Sound Language (Sanskrit, Hindi,
English)
• Communication skills
• Attitude & Experience
• Passion / Strong desire
• Knowledge of Current Medical /
Scientific Affairs
• Knowledge of Computers
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://www.technoayurveda.com/
15. Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://www.technoayurveda.com/
16. Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda
What counts as research?
• Analysis of data from a patient’s medical notes
(includes use of medical notes to identify
potential participants re eligibility criteria)
• Observations
• Conducting surveys/ interviews
• Using non-invasive imaging
• Using blood or tissue samples
• Trials of “interventions” (drugs, devices,
surgical procedures or any other treatments /
therapies)
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://www.technoayurveda.com/
17. Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda
Safeguards & Vetting
• Scientific value
– Proper research question, methodology, sample
size Vetting
• Ethical aspects
– Recruitment
– Sample size
– Informed consent
• Monitoring of research:
– Quality control Maintenance
– Adherence to protocol
– Avoiding Misconduct in Research
Monitoring
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://www.technoayurveda.com/
18. Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda
Research is a process made up of many small steps.
Steps in the
Research Process
1. Define your research needs
2. Develop a research strategy
3. Conduct searches for information
4. Evaluate the resources that you
find
5. Incorporate and cite the
information you use
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://www.technoayurveda.com/
19. Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda
Defining Your Research Needs
• Make sure that you
understand your
assignment.
• The next step in the process
is defining what you need.
• Then distinguish between
different types of resources
to decide which to use.
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://www.technoayurveda.com/
20. Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda
1.Definition Protocol of a clinical trial
2.Importance
3.Format
(a) Title page
(b) background and hypothesis
(c) Study design
(d) Materials and methodology
(e) Data collection and handling
(f) Statistical analysis
(g) References
(h) Summary
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://www.technoayurveda.com/
21. Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda
Researcher Responsibilities
The researchers have day-to-day
responsibility for research conduct
• Need to ensure:
• Adherence to agreed protocols
• Appropriate care of research participants
(working with health care professionals)
• Protection of the integrity and
confidentiality of data
• Reporting of adverse events or suspected
misconduct
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://www.technoayurveda.com/
22. Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda
Researcher Misconduct
• Falsification, fabrication, Plagiarism
(theft of data or samples)
• Unauthorized use of privileged
information
• Abuse of authorship
• Significant failure to comply with
federal, state, or University rules
regarding research
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://www.technoayurveda.com/
23. Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda
Data Items in Clinical Trials
Prone to Fraud
• Eligibility criteria, Repeated measurements,
Adverse events, Compliance & Subject diaries
Care these sentences
1. Never discard original research data.
2. Missing data and outliers are very real
phenomena in contemporary medical research.
3. Have faith in the wondrously stochastic (Being or
having a random variable) and random nature of real
human data, features most difficult to capture
with fraud.
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://www.technoayurveda.com/
24. Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://technoayurveda.wordpress.com/
25. Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://technoayurveda.wordpress.com/
26. Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://technoayurveda.wordpress.com/
27. Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://technoayurveda.wordpress.com/
28. Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda
Research Misconduct- FFP
• As defined by Office of Research Integrity
• Fabrication, Falsification, Plagiarism,
or other practices that seriously
deviate from those that are commonly
accepted in the scientific community
for proposing, conducting, or
reporting research
• Not honest error or differences in
opinion
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://technoayurveda.webs.com/
29. Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda
Fabrication
• Intentionally creating records that do not exist and for
which there is no truth with the intent to mislead or
deceive
– Interviewer completing a questionnaire for a fictitious
subject that was never interviewed
– Preparing records for follow-up calls or contacts to
subjects who were really lost to follow-up
– Creating notes for a subject visit that never took place
• Eric Poehlman, PhD - UVM College of Medicine –
fabricated data in 17 grant applications for
federal funding as well as in journal articles -
Barred for life from receiving any federal funds
for research – plead guilty to fraud –sentenced
in 6/06 to a year and one day in prison (NY
Times article “An Unwelcome Discovery” -
10/22/06)
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://technoayurveda.wordpress.com/
30. Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda
Falsification
• Alteration of data collected in the conduct of
scientific investigation
• Omission/deletion/suppression of conflicting
data without scientific justification
– Back-dating interviews to fit within the timeline
provided in protocol
– Changing a subject’s age in data records by an
unimportant amount to fit enrollment criteria
• Joy Bryant and Diana Layman - Falsified
research in study by substituting their own
blood for the 10-15 blood samples of child
study participants as required by the protocol -
Entered into Voluntary Exclusion Agreement
for 3 years
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://technoayurveda.wordpress.com/
31. Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda
Plagiarism – “Self-plagiarism”
• Intentional use of someone else’s words,
thoughts, or ideas, as though they are your
own
• Also includes “self-plagiarism” – author using
his/her own published material in another work
without citation
• Ali Sultan, MD, PhD -From Harvard School of
Public Health - - Plagiarized text and figures from
emails from his post-doctoral student - - Also
falsified results of research, and fabricated parts of
emails from the student to falsely implicate the
student
• For 3 years – debarred from contracting or
subcontracting w/ any US Gov’t agency
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://technoayurveda.wordpress.com/
32. Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda
Consider…
• Who developed the concept of the paper?
• Who conducted the actual research?
• Who wrote and/or edited the draft?
• Who calculated the statistics?
Should these people be listed as authors?
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://technoayurveda.wordpress.com/
33. Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda
Research Validation
• Validation / Understanding of Ayurveda Principles
• Inventing / Discovery Newer techniques
– Computers in research
– Pharmaceutical sciences
– Biotechnology, Bioinformatics, Molecular Biology
• Types & Designs
– Traditional and modern aspects
– Relevance, utility and feasibility for Unani / Siddha /
Homeopathy / Nature cure /Yoga research
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://technoayurveda.wordpress.com/
34. Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda
Concerns for All Designs
– Choosing Subjects • Ethical Principles
– Target population – Measurements
– Study sample – Continuous/Discrete/Categ
– Generalizing orical/Ordinal
– Inclusion/Exclusion – Precision/Reproducible/Rel
• Recruitment iable
– Accuracy
• Effect size – Sensitivity/Specificity
• Formulas – Objectivity
• Software – Sample size/Power
• Data collection – Hypothesis
• Data cleaning – Errors (Type I, Type II)
• Data analysis
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://technoayurveda.wordpress.com/
35. Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda
Error Types
• Type I error • Causes of measurement error
– Occurs if the null hypothesis 1. Observer error
is rejected. (a) Inter-observer inaccuracies
– False positive (b) Digit preference
– The probability of making a (c) Question variation
type I error is denoted as 2. Subject inaccuracies
• Type II error (a) Natural variation
– A type II error occurs if the (b) Unconscious bias
null hypothesis is accepted, i.e. (c) Recall and motivation
an insignificant result is (d) Compliance
obtained, when the null 3.Equipment inaccuracies
hypothesis is in fact not true.
(a) Zero errors
– The probability of making a
type II error is denoted as β. (b) Gain errors
(c) Precision
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://technoayurveda.wordpress.com/
36. Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda
Possible Ayurvedic Researches
-The Ayurvedic field has a vast scope for research
in variety of ways.
- Inviting the Ethnic Knowledge or/and principle
synchronizing knowledge in to Ayurveda
- All what is needed that, it should benefit Ayurveda
and the society at large.
A) Literary Research
B) Fundamental Research
C) Clinical Research
D) Drug Research
E) Inter Disciplinary Research
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://technoayurveda.wordpress.com/
37. Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda
Discuss your research with a
statistician
– BEFORE you begin your research
– WHILE you are collecting data
– WHEN you are ready to analyze
– WHEN you are writing your manuscript
• Stratified randomization should be used
for factors that are believed to
significantly influence the outcome.
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://technoayurveda.wordpress.com/
38. Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda
Types of Research Designs
• Descriptive research
• Correlational research - Involves measuring
whether there is a relationship between two
or more variables
• Experimental research - Generally
considered the most powerful tool for
determining cause-and-effect relationships
between variables
– Independent variable (IV)
– Dependent variable (DV)
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://technoayurveda.wordpress.com/
39. Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda
Compare the method
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://technoayurveda.wordpress.com/
40. Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda
LITERARY RESEARCH RESOURCES
Vedas
Upanishads
AYURVEDIC NON-AYURVEDIC Puranas
LITERATURE LITERATURE Arthashastra
Published
Unpublished
Catalogues
Non catalogues
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://technoayurveda.wordpress.com/
41. Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda
Three dimensions of academic research
community
‘meeting’
‘authority’ ‘controversy’
‘publication’
‘sincerity’ ‘theory’
‘experiment’
person knowledge
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://technoayurveda.wordpress.com/
42. Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda
Observational
Longitudinal
Cross-sectional
Prospective Retrospective
Survey
Cohort studies Case control studies
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://technoayurveda.wordpress.com/
43. Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda
Clinical research
• Research involving human
• Many types
1. Preventive (Pollution and traffic police)
2. Diagnostic (AIDS, Ca on Unani parameters)
3. Treatment intervention (Sports and regimental therapies)
4. Safety and efficacy (Kushta)
5. Newer applications (Massage for chronic
fatigue syndrome)
6. New scales, measurements, techniques
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://technoayurveda.wordpress.com/
44. Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda
PHASES OF CLINICAL TRIAL
TRIAL PHASE NO. OF LENGTH PURPOSE
SUBJECTS
Phase I Clinical 20 – 50 Several Mainly safety in
Pharmacology months volunteers (healthy
volunteers/ volunteer
patients)
Phase II Clinical 50 – 300 Months Short term safety, mainly
Investigation to years effectiveness in patients
Phase III Formal 250 – 1000+ 1 –4 Safety, effectiveness in
Therapeutic years large no. of patient
Trials population, multi-centric
study
Phase IV Post-licensing 2000 – 10 000+ Post marketing
studies surveillance to detect
ADR etc.
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://technoayurveda.wordpress.com/
45. Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda
Experimental Research
• Experimental group
– Group that is subjected to the independent variable
• Cognitive-behavioral treatment group or new anti-depressant group
• Control group
– Group that is similar in every way to the experimental group except for
the manipulation of the independent variable
• Random assignment makes control group to be similar in every way
• Untreated wait-list control group
• Placebo group
– Group that does NOT receive treatment including active ingredient
(special type of control group)
– Double-blind design is often used ( sugar pill )
• Or supportive group therapy
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://technoayurveda.wordpress.com/
46. Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://technoayurveda.wordpress.com/
47. Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda
Basic skills for a laboratory scientist
• Basic Computer skill, Paper reading & writing,
Understanding and use of the literature, Productivity
• Scientific attitude: Desire to get the bottom of things
– NO premature conclusion
– Spending time & effort to make things better and /or
more efficient
– Not afraid of learning new things
– Full understanding of instruments in the experiment
– Not willing to leave any “mysteries” or poorly
understood phenomenon behind in Research
– Low tolerance for “black box”
• Good citizenship in a laboratory
– Willingness to help and collaborate with colleagues
– Being a considerate colleague
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://technoayurveda.wordpress.com/
48. Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda
Animals in Medicine started long back …
150 AD. Galen
begins
systematic study
of animal
physiology,
vivisection
begins. What he
learns is used in
the practice of
human medicine
for the next
1000+ years.
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://technoayurveda.wordpress.com/
49. Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda
1982
1726 Treatment for leprosy
Stephen Hales developed using
first measures Armadillos 1982
blood pressure 1901-1939 Prions are discovered in
in a horse Animal research hamsters. Subsequent
advances our studies in mice have shown
understanding of that these misshaped,
blood, making disease-causing proteins can
transfusions be inherited
2012 Prions are an infectious
possible
??? protein particle similar to a
virus but lacking
nucleic acid;
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://technoayurveda.wordpress.com/
50. Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda
Number and kinds of animals used
• The Office of Technology Assessment estimates that 17-23
million animals are used in the United States for research every
year.
• The vast majority of these – about 95% – are rats and mice
specifically bred for research.
• In 2000, there were 69,516 dogs and 25,560 cats used in
research.
• By comparison, wildlife biologists estimate that over one million
animals are killed every day by automobiles – over 365 million
per year.
• Dogs, cats, and non-human primates combined account for
less than 3/4 of a percent of the total and their numbers has
been declining for nearly 30 years.
• The number of dogs used in biomedical research has declined
67% since 1973, and the number of cats used in biomedical
research has declined 63% since 1973.
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://technoayurveda.wordpress.com/
51. Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda
TYPES OF ANIMALS USED IN ANIMAL RESEARCH
1. 84% Rats, mice and other
rodents
2. 12% Fish, amphibians,
reptiles and birds
3. 1.5% Small mammals,mostly
rabbits
4. 2.1% Sheep, cows, pigs and
other large mammals
5. 0.3% Dogs and cats.
6. 0.15% Monkeys, such as
marmosets and macaques
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://technoayurveda.wordpress.com/
52. Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda
How can research results derived from animal
testing be extrapolated to humans?
• There are striking similarities between the physiological
systems of humans and various species of animals.
• Much of what we know about the immune system has
come from studies with mice,
• Much of what we know about the cardiovascular system
has come from studies with dogs.
• Research results from animals also provide the information
necessary to design human trials that must be completed
for legal approval of new devices, drugs or procedures.
• It is important to be able to gauge how a new drug or
procedure will affect a whole biological system before
using it on humans.
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://technoayurveda.wordpress.com/
53. Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda
Why is it important to conduct product safety tests on animals
when "cruelty-free" products are available?
• As recently as several decades ago, consumers
were subjected to products that were not
adequately tested prior to use, resulting in
reports of permanent harm, including blindness.
• Product safety testing ensures that products are
safe when used as directed.
• Testing provides scientific data for poison
control centers and emergency room physicians
in the event a product is misused.
• Adequate testing of products is a legal
obligation to the public.
• It is important to remember the circumstances
that led to safety testing of all new consumer
ingredients and products, particularly cosmetics.
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://technoayurveda.wordpress.com/
54. Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda
•The use of animals in product safety
testing provides a whole, living system
that can reflect how certain substances
will react in or on the body.
•The term "cruelty-free" is often misused
and misunderstood.
•Companies that claim they conduct no
animal testing either contract testing to an
outside laboratory or use compounds
known to be safe through previous animal
testing.
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://technoayurveda.wordpress.com/
55. Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda
– A cohort study or panel study is a
form of longitudinal study (a type
Cohort Study of observational study) used
in medicine Eg: Birth cohort
– It is an analysis of risk factors and
follows a group of people who do not
have the disease, and uses
correlations to determine the absolute
risk of subject contraction.
– It is one type of clinical study
design and should be compared with
a cross-sectional study.
– In medicine, a cohort study is often
undertaken to obtain evidence to try
to refute the existence of a suspected
association between cause and
effect; failure to refute a hypothesis
strengthens confidence in it.
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://technoayurveda.wordpress.com/
56. Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda
– Nested case-control
study – eg:
Cohort Study Inflammatory markers
and the risk of coronary
heart disease in men and
women,
– Household panel
survey – eg: These
draw representative
samples of households
and survey them,
following all individuals
through time on a usually
annual basis.
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://technoayurveda.wordpress.com/
57. Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda
Who gets sick and who stays Healthy?
Observed
Healthy
and sick
people
Time Passes
Healthy people with Study Question:
different experiences Time Passes What happened in
the past to give
such different
Start with two similar groups of people. One result.
Group has a disease and the other is healthy
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://technoayurveda.wordpress.com/
58. Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda
Survey Study
• Researchers ask people
about their habits –
– Do you have sweet tooth?
– Do you use condoms?
– Do you eat 5 vegetables a
day?
• Surveys give a snapshot of
the present / past and tell
us what people say they do
/ did
– Response bias?
– Cause vs. effect?
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://technoayurveda.wordpress.com/
59. Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda
Ayurveda told in New Language –
To look new Avenues
• “Ayur-Veda” = “Life-knowledge”, evolved in
India long back focuses more on life style
than symptoms, where the background is -
Three Doshas viz. Vata, Pitta & Kapha
• Are we able to tell all the words of
Ayurveda conveniently in another
language?
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://technoayurveda.wordpress.com/
60. Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda
Vata
• “Vaa” is Gati and Gandhana = to
move things & Perceive
• Most influential Dosha
• Cell membrane transport,
electrolyte balance, waste
elimination, and cell division, etc
are examples of its activity
• Aggravated by dryness
• Reduced by foods with building
blocks
Thought of Amit Pahwa, MS-4, Tinsley Harrison Society, University of Alabama School of Medicine
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://technoayurveda.wordpress.com/
61. Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda
Pitta
• Tap = to shine
• Metabolism and molecules
of energy are equated
• Body temperature
maintenance, optic nerve
impulses, feelings of
hunger and thirst are
functions
• Aggravated by heat
• Reduced by “cooling it”
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://technoayurveda.wordpress.com/
62. Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda
Kapha
• “Shlish” = that which
holds things together &
derived from “Klid” – the
water
• Provides structure and
lubrication
• Carbohydrates and
polysaccharides, mucous,
spinal fluid, and synovial
fluid
• Aggravated by sweet and
fatty foods
• Reduced by hot, dry, and
light things
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://technoayurveda.wordpress.com/
63. Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda
Understanding Avenues at Basic Level
• The Siddhanta, Kriya, Rachana departments
are running around either Clinical
experiments or the preventive models
• They have to pay attention on -
• Many concepts are duplicated or
controversial at Ayurveda.- they need cross
examination
• The Language used in many texts are
critical and require explanation
• Many manuscripts are in cold storage –
require to focus and bring them in to lime
light
• The shift from “Principles” to “Prabhava” is
reduced with their guidelines
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://technoayurveda.wordpress.com/
64. Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda
Understanding Avenues at Dravyaguna
• Undergraduate syllabus has 240 drugs for
study out of Plant Kingdom
• We are loosing many out of them even –
either with negligence or by Govt. order
• As the “Ayurveda Acharyas” say – all
herbs are of medicinal importance -
• Why the Dravyaguna department is not
including the new herbs isolated,
experimented in to the Ayurveda Glossary?
• We require to add as many as Herbs
possible in to Ayurveda Literature
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://technoayurveda.wordpress.com/
65. Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda
Understanding Avenues at RT/BK
• The Pharmacy in Ayurveda require us to give
many answers
• We often confused or unable to answer at
scientific community about the Ayurveda Drug
absorption – Target – action – adversity –
reaction – toxicity - excretion – etc.
• Step by step individual researches should
guide us for these answers and included in the
curriculum instead of lingering around
established validations
• Today we have new routes of administration of
Drug – eg: Inhalers, Patches, Injections, etc.
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://technoayurveda.wordpress.com/
66. Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda
Injections in Ayurveda
• In 1982 when I started my GP in Ayurveda
there were around 5000 generic Ayurveda
Medicines available in the Market
• Along with Ayurveda Injections
manufactured by Aravind Pharma of North
India and Imis Pharma of South India
• We fight for the introduction of Injections in
to GAD for 116 days and included them in
to AP-GADs
• Now – the scene is reversed and not even
500 generics are available in the market
and no medicines in GADs
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://technoayurveda.wordpress.com/
67. Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda
Understanding Avenues at Clinical Areas
• In these areas the public faith at Ayurveda is
necessary to develop along with confidence
in drug action
• Adaptations of new technology is admissible
but not to change the entire principle
migration on which we are prescribing the
medicine
• A thorough adopted intervening investigation
Interpretation required to clinical
experiments to boost diagnostic techniques
• Methodical but not Result oriented Research
in need
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://technoayurveda.wordpress.com/
68. Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda
Understanding Avenues at Swasthavritta
• Swastavritta is meant for prevention
and Life style development.
• Today we face lots of Lifestyle
disorders and Occupational difficulties
• The focus of Swastavritta department
should be on validating the Foods,
Occupation, Lifestyle in respect with
psychological and physical problems
faced by either a child or an Adult
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://technoayurveda.wordpress.com/
69. Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda
Understanding Avenues at Panchakarma
• The Panchakarma even though a
part of Chikitsa – is specialized with
its procedural method
• It require instrumentation
development along with
observational study of validating the
principles and establishing new
schedules in “Running World”.
• Adaptations of Manipulation
Medicine, Sowa-Rigpa (Tibetan
Medicine), “Stone Massage”,
“Kalupadaghat Massage”, etc. in to
Panchakarma is required.
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://technoayurveda.wordpress.com/
70. Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda
Understanding Avenues at Surgical areas
• An Engineer is the best who runs the
machine without few of its parts – A Surgeon
is also like an Engineer – who runs the Body
without few parts
• Ayurveda Surgery imitating the Allopathic
surgery
• We have the Knowledge of Marma,
Siravyadha, etc. in addition – requires to
adopt the Marma Anastasia & Pinhole
Surgery on Ayurveda Measures
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://technoayurveda.wordpress.com/
71. Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda
New Design Structure for Ayurveda Research
Design
Need
Evaluation Brief
Realization Investigation
Proposition
Designing
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://technoayurveda.wordpress.com/
72. Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda
Steps to Good Design
• 1. Identify and understand the problem - “What
does this product need to do?”
• 2. Conceptual Design - “How will this product do
this?”
• 3. Design Optimization -“ Is this the best way to do
this?”
• 4. Detail Design - “How will the product work?”
• 5. Build - “Build the product.”
• 6. Test and Evaluation - “Does the product do what
we want?”
• 7. Return to step 1 if evaluation is not positive - “If
not, start over.”
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://technoayurveda.wordpress.com/
73. Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda
• Do not only see Observe
• Do not hear Listen
• Do not just prescribe Document
• Do not just treat Follow them
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://technoayurveda.wordpress.com/
74. Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda
ASU Drugs to be used in
RCH Program
• AYUSH developed 17 drugs for
Anti-natal, Post-natal, Infant and
Female Health management.
• No drug is available in the CCIM
curriculum of BAMS or market
• Rasayana, Astikshaya, Sleepada,
Manoroga (Mental Retardation),
Sickle Cell Anemia, Improvement of
quality of Life in Cancer patients –
projects are under process
http://ccras.nic.in/Research_Actvities/20081103_NewDrug_Development.htm
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://technoayurveda.wordpress.com/
75. Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda
New dimensions of Market
• Many Ayurveda companies started
launching their products as –
– OTC Commodity products like
Toothpaste, Talks, Balms, etc.
– Cosmeceuticals – to improve beauty like
Facial Creams, scrubs, etc.
– Neutriceuticals – Nutrition
supplementations like Tonics, Paste, etc.
– pharmaceuticals – new drug
combinations or patent medicines by
combining two or more traditional drugs
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://technoayurveda.wordpress.com/
76. Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda
Updates in Research
• Ayurveda is dependent on the
Pharmacy Department for updates
rather than Ayurveda Research
• Long ago Kirthikar Basu,
Nadkarni, etc. added few additions
in to the Herbal science – but
none of those materials are added
for the curriculum
• Real Update in Ayurveda is seen
as shift from “Tridosha” to
“Prabhava”
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://technoayurveda.wordpress.com/
77. Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda
Namburi Spot Test
- To evolve suitable methods to
lay standards relevant to concept
of Rasashastra.
- To help ultimately in
implementing the drug act in its
full sense of utility.
• To identify & differentiate various Bhasma and Sindhoora
which are chemically identical but therapeutically different by their
specific names known in Ayurveda i.e.
• To find out whether the contents of a given container are the same
qualitatively and quantitatively as claimed on its labels i.e. to
find out whether the product is a standard, sub-standard or
spurious one.
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://technoayurveda.wordpress.com/
78. Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda
Few updates on Pumsavana
• Ayurvedic technique of genetic
engineering to ensure healthy progeny
and to determine the sex of the child is
Pumsavana.
• Pumsavana is one of the 16 Karmas
(Sixteen rituals) practiced in various
stages of life in ancient India.
• Ayurveda uses many Gender selection
drugs such as – Putramjeevi, Vatankura
(Ficus Benghalensis),Apamarga”
(Achyranthus aspara), “Shahachara”
(Berleria prionitis), Shivalingi (Bryonia
Laciniosa) and Majuphal (Gtuercus
infectoria) etc.
• This should be done only during
astrological constellation of “Pushya
nakshatram”
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://technoayurveda.wordpress.com/
79. Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda
• A total of 22 key informants were
Pumsavana interviewed during the Shivalingi
(Bryonia Laciniosa) and
Majuphal (Gtuercus infectoria)
study period. Out of 50 subjects,
48 (96%) reported giving birth to
male babies after taking SSDs.
Failure in two cases was
attributed to consumption
Shivalingi (Bryonia Laciniosa)
of SSD after 3rd month of
gestation. All the male children
were reportedly normal.
• [S Bandyopadhyay, AJ Singh, Sex Selection Through
Majuphal Traditional Drugs in Rural North India, Indian Journal of
(Gtuercus Community Medicine, Vol. 32, No. 1 (2007-01 - 2007-
infectoria) 03) ]
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://technoayurveda.wordpress.com/
80. Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda
Updates on • and lactation - safe for long term use, even during pregnancy
Toxic effects
Herb - • Gastrointestinal effects - Decreased volume and reduced
pH of the secretions in drug treated rats suggest a
increased
Asparagus responsiveness agents.gastric parietal cells to secretogogues
and narcotizing
of the
racemosus • Cytoprotective effect has been suggested to be due to
increased output of mucus.
• Galactogogue effect - A significant increase in milk yield has
also been observed in guinea pigs and goats after feeding
lactare which also increased growth of the mammary glands,
alveolar tissues and acini in guinea pigs [23].
• Effects on uterus - uterine sedative
• Immunomodulatory activities - reported to produce
leucocytosis and predominant neutrophilia along with
enhanced phagocytic activity of the macrophages and
polymorphs.
• Respiratory system - reported to cause dilatory effect on
bronchial musculature of guinea pigs but failed to antagonise
the histamine induced broncho-constriction.
• CNS - Neither stimulant nor depressant action of lactare on
central nervous system has been reported in albino mice
[Amit Chawla*, Payal Chawla, Mangalesh, R C Roy, Asparagus racemosus (Willd): Biological Activities & its
Active Principles, Indo-Global Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2011, Vol 1., Issue 2: Page No. 113-120]
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://technoayurveda.wordpress.com/
81. Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda
Updates on Herb -
Asparagus racemosus
• Antibacterial Activities - showed maximum inhibition against A. hydrophila,
P. fluorescencs and K. pneumoniae. Chloroform extract of A.racemosus
showed higher inhibition (1.9cm/200 μl) against. K.pneumoniae Methanol
extract of A. racemosus showed considerable invitro antibacterial efficacy
against E.coli, V. cholerae,B.subtilis and S.aureus, and it increases phagocytic
activity of macrophages (Mandal, 2000). [1]
• Anti-diarrhoeal activity - The ethanol and aqueous extract of A. racemosus
exhibited significant anti-diarrhoeal activity against castor oil induced
diarrhoea in rats. [2]
• Phytoestrogen effect - A. racemosus root extract exerted a mammotropic
and/or lactogenic influence on normal as well as on oestrogen primed animals
thereby rendering the mammary epithelium refractory to the carcinogen. [3]
.[1] M.Sithi Jameela et.al, Antibacterial Activities of three medicinal plant extract against Fish Pathogens, International Journal of Biological Technology (2011)
2(2):57-60.] [2] N. Venkatesan et.al. Anti-diarrhoeal potential of asparagus racemosus wild root extracts in laboratory animals. J Pharm Pharmaceut Sci
(www.cspscanada.org) 8(1):39-45, 2005 [3] V. Ashajyothi et.al. ASPARAGUS RACEMOSUS – A PHYTOESTROGEN, Int.Journal Of Pharmacy&Technology
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://technoayurveda.wordpress.com/
82. Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda
Herb • Sadapushpa / Sadabahar / Vinca
rosea (Periwinkle) is an evergreen
Update - common shrub seen all around us
blooming in every season. Usually
Periwinkle the plant is of 1 meter tall with oval
to oblong leaves.
• A clinical trial was conducted in
1998 with Vinca rosea on diabetes
as a part of M.D. Ayurveda Thesis
under my supervision. The results
were excellent. Each one ml of the
oil prepared has a power of
regulating the 125-250 mg of
Blood Glucose.
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://technoayurveda.wordpress.com/
83. Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda
Herb • A study was carried on alloxan induced diabetic rats
for 14 days. The methanolic extracts showed
improvement in parameters like body weight and
Update - lipid profile as well as regeneration of beta-cells of
pancreas in diabetic rats. Histopathological studies
Periwinkle reinforce the healing of pancreas, by
methanolic Vinca rosea extracts, as a possible
mechanism of their antidiabetic activity [1]
• Aqueous extract of Piper nigrum seeds and Vinca
rosea flowers were administered orally to alloxan
induced diabetic rats once a day for 4 weeks. They
are useful in controlling not only the glucose and
lipid levels but these components may also be
helpful in strengthening the antioxidants potential [2].
[1] Mohammed Fazil Ahmed et. al., Antidiabetic Activity of Vinca rosea Extracts in
Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats, International Journal of Endocrinology, Volume
2010, Article ID 841090, 6 pages
[2] M. KALEEM, SHEEMA, H. SARMAD AND B. BANO, “PROTECTIVE EFFECTS
OF PIPER NIGRUM AND VINCA ROSEA IN ALLOXAN INDUCED DIABETIC
RATS, Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 2005; 49 (1) : 65–71
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://technoayurveda.wordpress.com/
84. Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda
Instrument Update –
Januvasti Yantra
• Januvasti is done either on the knee joint or at
the back with a brim filled with oil
• The drawback is – entire knee joint is not
exposed to treatment especially the ligaments
• To cover the entire knee surface – a tube is
inserted with both ends closed tightly with
Masha paste cloth where on top opening for oil
management added with a Thermometer to
standardize the procedure
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://technoayurveda.wordpress.com/
86. Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda
Tridax • Anti-Diabetic activity –
• T.procumbens leaves (200 mg/kg) orally
procumbens administered for 7 days produced a significant
decrease in the blood glucose level in the model
where do you see? of alloxan-induced diabetes in rats. Petroleum
extract exhibits a very weak anti-diabetic
activity[3]
• Antioxidants –
• T. procumbens plants are rich sources of natural
antioxidant. T. procumbens has a percentage
antioxidant activity (AA %) of 96.70 which was
observed to be higher than those of gallic
(92.92%) and ascorbic acids (94.81%) used as
Vishalya Karani standards.
Family: Asteraceae
Tribe: Heliantheae [3] Bhagwat DA, Killedar SG, Adnaik RS. Anti-diabetic activity of leaf extract of Tridax
procumbens. Int J Green Pharm 2008;2:126-8
Genus: Tridax [4] J. D. Habila, et.al. Total phenolics and antioxidant activity of Tridax procumbens Linn.
Species: T. procumbens African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology Vol. 4(3), pp. 123-126, March 2010
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://technoayurveda.wordpress.com/
87. Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda
Nadi Impulse Simulogram
• Nadi Impulse Simulogram is a unique
advanced Ayurvedic pulse diagnosis
software, that monitors impulses of
molecules and cells in pulse developed
by Dr. N.D. Raju of Hyderbad.
• This program works on the basis of Nadi
input values decoded in to Kurma Nadi
and Vasuli Nadi outputs. It develops
various graphs of Dosha Gati index,
Sroto pravrutti, krama and dusti, Chakra
activity, Dhatuparinama Index, etc. in
graphical manner, where
the interpretation is made simple.
• Contact Dr. N. Dharmanandan Raju at
idid_raju@yahoo.com or +9885040369.
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://technoayurveda.wordpress.com/
88. Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda
Nadi Impulse
Simulogram Output
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://technoayurveda.wordpress.com/
89. Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda
General • The general practitioner in Ayurveda
practitioner Provides personal, primary and continuing
in Ayurveda medical care to individuals and families and
Specific responsibility for the health of the
community
• He Makes an initial decision on every
problem presented by patient and Consults
specialists when ever is appropriate
• Intervenes to promote health and takes
Clinical decisions influenced by prior
probability of disease
• Has an advocacy role for the patient
• Apart from all above – is there any
responsibility of making RESEARCH at
him?
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://technoayurveda.wordpress.com/
90. Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda
• Generalists and specialists require
different knowledge, skills and attitudes General
but are complementary in their roles.
• The GP is committed to the person rather Practice
than to a particular body of knowledge, a
group of diseases or special techniques
(McWhinney 1997)
• A GP provides personal, primary and
continuing care to individuals, families
and a practice population.
• The spectrum of problems presenting in
general practice is very different from that
seen in hospital.
• The GP must combine the scientific and
humanitarian approach to medical
practice, providing holistic care to
patients.
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://technoayurveda.wordpress.com/
91. Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://technoayurveda.wordpress.com/
92. Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda
Characteristics of GP & PHC
• General practice • Primary health care
Focus is illness: Focus is local communities:
Individuals and families 1. Local communities using
local knowledge
- First contact
2. Concerned about
Local and accessible determinants of health
Small scale efficiency - Socio-economic
Tolerates uncertainty - Environmental
The three Cs: 3. Empowers communities to
control/influence
Continuity,
- determinants of health
Coordination,
4. Education and prevention are
Continuing care key pieces
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://technoayurveda.wordpress.com/
93. Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda
Clinical Care
Good clinical care Models of health care
• Maintaining good medical • Biomedical
practice (biomechanical) and bio-
• Relationships with psychosocial
patients • Reductionist and holistic
• Working with colleagues (integrative)
• Teaching and training • Disease-based and
• Probity illness-based
• Health • Patient-centered and
population-centered
• Reactive and anticipatory
• doctor-centered &
• Patient-centered
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://technoayurveda.wordpress.com/
94. Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda
1. Exploring both the disease and the illness The six
experience – understanding Differential interactive
diagnosis and Dimensions of illness
components of
2. Understanding the whole person
3. Finding common ground regarding the patient-
management Problems and priorities centered
along with Goals of treatments
4. Incorporating prevention and health
process:
promotion in Health enhancement and
Risk reduction
5. Enhancing the patient-doctor relationship
by sharing and maintain the relation
6. Being realistic about Time and Resources
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://technoayurveda.wordpress.com/
95. Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda
• Known is Scarce and the ignored
are abundant Conclusion
• Knowledge is becoming capital for
the Earning
• Research of course a part of the
Game always
• Every time I see – a Book or Net –
I am getting a new Idea or thought
– I don’t understand why the
others are not initiated
• If this narration offers any insight
– My effort is exercised
• Thank You – One and All who get
Awareness
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://technoayurveda.wordpress.com/
96. Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda
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97. Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda
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98. Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda
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99. Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda
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100. Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://technoayurveda.blogspot.in/
101. Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda
• Ted Colton, ScD, Professor & Chair Emeritus,
Special Thanks to: Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics
• Amit Pahwa, MS-4, Tinsley Harrison Society,
University of Alabama School of Medicine
• Dr Girish Shrikrishna Tillu, Project Leader,
Centre for Development of Advanced
Computing (C-DAC), Pune, Consultant, Centre
for Rheumatic Diseases, Pune, Consultant,
Vishwanand Ayurveda Centre, Pune, Advisor,
Global Herbs Pharmaceuticals, Pune -
gtillu@rediffmail.com
• Lauren Solberg, CRC Research Skills
Workshop, January 18, 2008,
lauren.b.solberg@vanderbilt.edu
• Dr. Gareth M. Forde, Bio Engineering Lab
(BEL), Chemical Engineering
• Dr. Jayashree B. Keshav, Technical Officer,
Atrimed Herbals, Pvt. Ltd.
• All the Images / Information collected from net
for knowledge sharing – If any copyright exists –
It goes to the respective individuals
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://technoayurveda.wordpress.com/
102. Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda
technoayurveda@gmail.com
THANK YOU
It’s
Technoayurveda International
Presentation
By Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad
Of . . . http://www.technoayurveda.com
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://www.technoayurveda.com/