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Prepared By: Shruti Jain
Six Dravyas




Who created the universe?
If there was a creator, then
 who created the creator?
Six Dravyas (Substances)


What is Guna (Attribute)?
Something that exists in all parts of a
substance and in all its modifications.

What is Dravya?
The mass of infinite inseparable
attributes (gunaas) is called substance
or dravya.
Six Dravyas (Substances)


What is paryay (mode)?
Each attribute keeps on changing
continuously and uninterruptedly. The
constant ongoing modification of a
substance is called paryay.
Six Dravyas (Substances)

The whole cosmos consists of 6 dravyas,
namely:

                            Dravya


           Jeev                                    Ajeev
   (Living and conscious)                 (Non-living; unconscious)




   Pudgal         Dharma       Adharama          Aakash               Kaal
Six Dravyas (Substances) – A BRIEF

1. Jeev (soul) – which has power of knowing; consciousness
2. Pudgal (matter) – which possesses touch, taste, smell
   and colour
3. Dharma (ether or principal of motion) – which is a
   passive cause in the motion of jeev and matter
4. Adharma (anti-ether or principal of rest) – which enables
   jeev and matter to remain stationary at one place
5. Aakash (space) – which provides accommodation to all
   the other five dravyas
6. Kaal (time) – which possesses the characteristic
   attributes of time substance , changes and modifications
   are achieved through progress of time
Six Dravyas (Substances) – Characteristics

1. Jeev (soul)
   - Essential characteristic is consciousness
   - Infinite in number
   - Total number remain the same in the entire universe
   - Neither dies nor ever takes birth
2. Pudgal (matter)
   - It has form , i.e. can be touched, tasted, smelled, seen
     & heard. Only this dravya possesses this characteristic.
   - They are infinite in number
   - Does not have consciousness or knowledge
   - Smallest particle of matter is known as parmanu
     (Atom)
Six Dravyas (Substances) – Characteristics

3. Dharma (medium of motion)
   - This substance helps in the movement of soul and
     matter
   - It is a single entity
   - It does not have any form, colour, taste, smell or body
   - Doesn’t have knowledge or consciousness (non-living)
4. Adharma (medium of rest)
   - Helps to rest soul and matter
   - It is a single entity
   - It does not have any form, colour, smell or taste
   - Doesn’t have knowledge or consciousness (non-living)
Six Dravyas (Substances) – Characteristics

5. Aakash (space)
   - Provides room to other substances.
   - It has no form, colour, taste, smell, and touch.
   - It does not perform any action (inactive), however it
     does give accommodation to soul and matter.
   - It pervades everywhere and is one and whole, i.e.
     indivisible (akhand). However it has Two Types:
      The portion of space where all substances are
        found is called Lokakash (or universe).
      The empty infinite space outside the universe is
        called Alokakash (or non-universe).
Six Dravyas (Substances) – Characteristics

6. Kaal (time)
   - Passive cause in the functioning of self-functioning
     substances like soul and matter.
   - It has no form, colour, taste, smell, and touch.
   - The smallest indivisible portion of time is called
     Samaya.
   - They are innumerable and exist in whole of universe.
Six Dravyas (Substances) – Key Takeaways

 None of these dravyas can be created or
  destroyed and they have no creator
 They have their existence from the beginning
  (aadi) and will be there until infinite time
  (anant)
 The forms (paryay) of these dravyas change
  continuously
 Three dravyas viz., medium of motion, medium
  of rest and space are single entities while time,
  matter and soul are numerous
Six Dravyas




     How would knowing
    about these substances
           help us?
Sahajanandi,
Shuddhswaroopi,
  Avinashi Hu,
 Atma Swaroopi
I am a happy,
pure, everlasting
      soul

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Dravya, guna and paryay - Jainism

  • 2. Six Dravyas Who created the universe? If there was a creator, then who created the creator?
  • 3. Six Dravyas (Substances) What is Guna (Attribute)? Something that exists in all parts of a substance and in all its modifications. What is Dravya? The mass of infinite inseparable attributes (gunaas) is called substance or dravya.
  • 4. Six Dravyas (Substances) What is paryay (mode)? Each attribute keeps on changing continuously and uninterruptedly. The constant ongoing modification of a substance is called paryay.
  • 5. Six Dravyas (Substances) The whole cosmos consists of 6 dravyas, namely: Dravya Jeev Ajeev (Living and conscious) (Non-living; unconscious) Pudgal Dharma Adharama Aakash Kaal
  • 6. Six Dravyas (Substances) – A BRIEF 1. Jeev (soul) – which has power of knowing; consciousness 2. Pudgal (matter) – which possesses touch, taste, smell and colour 3. Dharma (ether or principal of motion) – which is a passive cause in the motion of jeev and matter 4. Adharma (anti-ether or principal of rest) – which enables jeev and matter to remain stationary at one place 5. Aakash (space) – which provides accommodation to all the other five dravyas 6. Kaal (time) – which possesses the characteristic attributes of time substance , changes and modifications are achieved through progress of time
  • 7. Six Dravyas (Substances) – Characteristics 1. Jeev (soul) - Essential characteristic is consciousness - Infinite in number - Total number remain the same in the entire universe - Neither dies nor ever takes birth 2. Pudgal (matter) - It has form , i.e. can be touched, tasted, smelled, seen & heard. Only this dravya possesses this characteristic. - They are infinite in number - Does not have consciousness or knowledge - Smallest particle of matter is known as parmanu (Atom)
  • 8. Six Dravyas (Substances) – Characteristics 3. Dharma (medium of motion) - This substance helps in the movement of soul and matter - It is a single entity - It does not have any form, colour, taste, smell or body - Doesn’t have knowledge or consciousness (non-living) 4. Adharma (medium of rest) - Helps to rest soul and matter - It is a single entity - It does not have any form, colour, smell or taste - Doesn’t have knowledge or consciousness (non-living)
  • 9. Six Dravyas (Substances) – Characteristics 5. Aakash (space) - Provides room to other substances. - It has no form, colour, taste, smell, and touch. - It does not perform any action (inactive), however it does give accommodation to soul and matter. - It pervades everywhere and is one and whole, i.e. indivisible (akhand). However it has Two Types:  The portion of space where all substances are found is called Lokakash (or universe).  The empty infinite space outside the universe is called Alokakash (or non-universe).
  • 10. Six Dravyas (Substances) – Characteristics 6. Kaal (time) - Passive cause in the functioning of self-functioning substances like soul and matter. - It has no form, colour, taste, smell, and touch. - The smallest indivisible portion of time is called Samaya. - They are innumerable and exist in whole of universe.
  • 11. Six Dravyas (Substances) – Key Takeaways  None of these dravyas can be created or destroyed and they have no creator  They have their existence from the beginning (aadi) and will be there until infinite time (anant)  The forms (paryay) of these dravyas change continuously  Three dravyas viz., medium of motion, medium of rest and space are single entities while time, matter and soul are numerous
  • 12. Six Dravyas How would knowing about these substances help us?
  • 14. I am a happy, pure, everlasting soul