This document provides information about heart valve disease, symptoms, and repair or replacement procedures. It describes the location and function of the aortic and mitral valves. Aortic valve replacement is done to treat narrowing or leakage, while mitral valve repair is an open heart surgery for similar issues. Valve repair aims to correct malfunction, but replacement is needed when repair is not possible. Replacement can involve mechanical or biological valves. The risks, advantages, and surgical options for heart valve procedures are also summarized.

1. Aortic / Mitral Valve
Repair or Replacement
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2. What is Heart Valve Disease?
 Heart valve disease disturbs the normal flow of blood through
the heart and affects the overall health.
 This can develop before birth or can be acquired during the
lifetime

3. Symptoms
• Shortness of breath
• Dizziness
• Pressure or weight in the chest
• Heart palpitations
• Swelling in the ankles, feet, or
belly Know how to spot the
symptoms of Heart Diseases.
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4. What is Aortic Valve?
• The aortic valve is on the left side of the
heart and is the outflow valve.
• It opens to allow blood to leave the left
ventricle (the main pumping chamber of
the heart) and closes to prevent blood
from leaking backwards into the
ventricle from the rest of the body.

5. What is Aortic Valve Replacement?
• Aortic valve replacement is an "open heart" procedure for
treatment of narrowing (stenosis) or leakage (regurgitation) of
the aortic valve.

6. What is Mitral Valve?
• The mitral valve is the "inflow valve" for the left side of the
heart.
• Blood flows from the lungs, where it picks up oxygen, and
into the left atrium.
• When it opens, the mitral valve allows blood to flow from the
left atrium to the left ventricle. It then closes to keep blood
from leaking back into the lungs when the ventricle contracts
(squeezes) to push blood out to the body.
• It has two flaps, or leaflets.

7. What is Mitral Valve
Repair?
• Mitral valve repair is an open heart procedure to treat stenosis
(narrowing) or regurgitation (leakage) of the mitral valve.

8. What is Heart Valve Repair?
• Heart valve repair is a surgical or minimally invasive
procedure that corrects a heart valve that is not functioning
properly.
• It usually involves the heart valve leaflets that open and close
to pump blood through the heart.
• In some cases, the doctor may find that repairing the heart
valve is the best way to treat the heart valve disease.

9. What is Heart Valve Replacement?
• When repair is not an option, replacing the damaged heart
valve may be the most effective treatment.
• Heart valve replacement is a surgical procedure that replaces a
damaged heart valve.

10. Valve Replacement Done in Two Ways
Replacement is more commonly
used to treat aortic valves or
severely damaged mitral valves.
1. Mechanical Valves : These are
made from durable materials
such as metals, ceramics, and
plastics.
- The major advantage is that these are durable. However,
patients may be bothered initially due to clicking sound when it
shuts but soon they get adjusted to it. Blood thinners will still
need to be taken to prevent blood clots.

11. 2. Biological valves These may be made from the sources
named below:
– Autograft – Made from patients own tissue. A normally
functioning pulmonary valve is used to replace a diseased
aortic valve which is then replaced with donated
pulmonary valve. This is also called Ross or Switch
procedure.
– Homograft or Allograft – Human tissue of a donated
heart is used most often to replace diseased or infected
valves.
– Xenograph – Animal tissue may be used to replace a
human valve.

12. Surgery Options
• Traditional Heart Valve
Surgery
• Minimally Invasive Heart
Valve Surgery
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13. Risks
• Death
• Heart attack
• Irregular heartbeat
• Kidney failure
• Post-pericardiotomy syndrome
• Stroke or other temporary / permanent
brain injury

14. Advantages of Heart Valve Surgery
• Lower mortality
• Improved survival
• Better preservation of heart
function
• Lower risk of stroke and infection
(endocarditic)
• No need for blood thinners
(anticoagulation)

15. Serving your Health with
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