relationship of BME and cardiovascular is a small is a presentation that will brief you in details about the relationship between cardiovascular and bme. hope you enjoy it.

1. Relationship between biomedical
engineering with cardiovascular system.

2. Cardiovascular engineering.
• The vast research conducted by biomedical
engineers in finding ways to treat heart
related diseases had eventually lead to the
birth of a new specialization within biomedical
engineering, termed cardiovascular
engineering or heart bioengineering. which is
defined as a field within biomedical
engineering that studies the causes and
prevention of heart diseases.

3. Cardiovascular bioengineering examines all
aspects of cardiac health. This fields include
several specialization discipline such as.
• Cardiovascular Biomechanics.
• Bio-signal processing.
• Micro and nanotechnology.
• Instrumentation, sensors and signals.

4. Heart diseases.
• Cardiovascular diseases continue to be one of the major
causes of death, suffered both in the developed and the
developing countries. Its recorded that 9.5 million individuals
died of cardiovascular diseases in 2005. this highlights the
urgent needs for developing effective means of preventing
and treating heart diseases. Such effort should be developed
seamlessly and must benefits each other, damaged in the
essential components of the heart such as heart muscle or
valve can result in irreparable damage. Which can only be
treated by replacement using either mechanical or biological
substitutes.

5. Heart disease is a word used to describe many different
conditions affecting the heart. Coronary heart disease
is a common type of heart disease. This condition
results from a build-up of plaque on the inside of the
arteries, which reduces blood flow to the heart and
increases the risk of a heart attack and other heart
complications. Other forms of heart disease include:
• irregular heartbeat (arrhythmias)
• congenital heart defects
• weak heart muscles (cardiomyopathy)
• heart valve problems
• heart infections
• cardiovascular disease.

6. Symptoms of heart diseases.
Heart disease is often called a “silent killer”. Your doctor
may not diagnose the disease until you show signs of a
heart attack or heart failure. Symptoms of heart disease
vary depending on the specific condition. For example, if
you have a heart arrhythmia, symptoms may include:
• a fast or slow heartbeat
• dizziness
• lightheadedness
• chest pains
• shortness of breath.

7. If you have weak heart muscles, physical activity
may cause tiredness and shortness of breath.
Dizziness and swelling in the legs, ankle, or feet are
also common with cardiomyopathy. Signs and
symptoms of a heart infection can include:
• tiredness
• coughing
• skin rash
• irregular heartbeat
• swelling in legs and stomach

8. Risk factors of heart diseases.
Several factors increase your risk of heart disease, like a family history
of the disease, ageing. Other common risk factors include:
• smoking
• high blood pressure
• high blood cholesterol
• diabetes
• poor diet
• lack of exercise
• obesity
• stress
• poor hygiene (some viral and bacterial infections can affect the
heart).

9. Diagnosis of
heart diseases.
1.ECG/EKG.
Electrocardiogram.
The most common
heart diagnostic tool.
A test that records the
electrical activity of
the heart, shows
abnormal rhythms
(arrhythmias), and can
sometimes detect
heart muscle damage.

10. Echocardiogram (also known as echo)
A non invasive test
that uses sound
waves to
evaluate the
heart's chambers
and valves. The
echo sound waves
create an image on
the monitor as an
ultrasound probe is
passed over the
heart.

11. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of
the heart.
• A diagnostic procedure that uses a combination of large
magnets, radiofrequencies, and a computer to produce
detailed images of organs and structures within the body.
MRI of the heart may be used to evaluate the heart valves
and major vessels, detect coronary artery disease and the
extent of damage it has caused, evaluate congenital
defects, and detect the presence of tumours or other
abnormalities. The cardiac MRI may be used prior to other
cardiac procedures such as angioplasty or stenting of the
coronary arteries and cardiac or vascular surgery:
• Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) of the heart. A
specialized type of MRI procedure used to evaluate blood
vessels in the heart.

12. Cardiac MRI Machine.

13. Devices and surgical procedures to
treat heart failure.
1. Implantable Cardiac defibrillator.
ICD is an electronic device that constantly
monitors the patient heart rhythm, when the
device detect certain abnormal heart rhythm, it
delivers a small shock to the heart muscle to
restore the normal heart rhythm. The shock will
be brief and may feel uncomfortable. Studies
shows that an ICD can reduce the risk of sudden
cardiac arrest.

14. • Cardiac arrest is an unexpected death caused
by a loss of heart function due to an abnormal
heart rhythm. The heart beats dangerously
fast, and the blood is not delivered to the rest
of the body. A person suffering from CA will
first loss consciousness then death follows.

15. ICD

16. 2. Heart transplant.
A heart transplant is surgery to remove a person's diseased heart and
replace it with a healthy heart from a deceased donor. Most heart
transplants are done on patients who have end-stage heart failure.
Heart failure is a condition in which the heart is damaged or weak. As a
result, it can't pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. "End-
stage" means the condition is so severe that all treatments, other than
a heart transplant, have failed.
• Overview
Heart transplants are done as a life-saving measure for end-stage heart
failure.
Because donor hearts are in short supply, patients who need heart
transplants go through a careful selection process. They must be sick
enough to need a new heart, yet healthy enough to receive it.
Survival rates for people receiving heart transplants have improved,
especially in the first year after the transplant.
About 88% of patients survive the first year after transplant surgery,
and 75% survive for 5 years. The 10-year survival rate is about 56 %.
After the surgery, most heart transplant patients can return to their
normal levels of activity. However, less than 30% return to work for
many different reasons.

17. During the transplant procedure, the surgeon
connects the patient to a heart lung machine,
which takes over the function of the heart and
lungs. The surgeon then removes the diseased
heart and replaces it with the donor heart.
Finally the major blood vessels are reconnected
and the new heart is ready to works.

18. Image of the lungs heart machine.

20. Total artificial heart.
• A total artificial heart (TAH) is a device that replaces the two lower
chambers of the heart. These chambers are called ventricles (VEN-
trih-kuls). You might benefit from a TAH if both of your ventricles
don't work due to end-stage heart failure.
• Heart failure is a condition in which the heart can't pump enough
blood to meet the body's needs. "End stage" means the condition
has become so severe that all treatments, except heart transplant,
have failed. (A heart transplant is surgery to remove a person's
diseased heart and replace it with a healthy heart from a deceased
donor.)
• Overview
• You might need a TAH for one of two reasons:
• To keep you alive while you wait for a heart transplant
• If you're not eligible for a heart transplant, but you have end-stage
heart failure in both ventricles

21. • The TAH is attached to your heart's upper chambers—
the atria (AY-tree-uh). Between the TAH and the atria
are mechanical valves that work like the heart's own
valves. Valves control the flow of blood in the heart.
• Currently, the two types of TAHs are the CardioWest
and the AbioCor. The main difference between these
TAHs is that the CardioWest is connected to an outside
power source and the AbioCor isn't.
• The CardioWest has tubes that, through holes in the
abdomen, run from inside the chest to an outside
power source

23. • The AbioCor TAH is completely contained inside the
chest. A battery powers this TAH. The battery is
charged through the skin with a special magnetic
charger.
• Energy from the external charger reaches the internal
battery through an energy transfer device called
transcutaneous energy transmission, or TET.
• An implanted TET device is connected to the implanted
battery. An external TET coil is connected to the
external charger. Also, an implanted controller
monitors and controls the pumping speed of the heart.

25. overview
A TAH usually extends life for months beyond what
is expected with end-stage heart failure. If you're
waiting for a heart transplant, a TAH can keep you
alive while you wait for a donor heart. A TAH also
can improve your quality of life. However, a TAH is a
very complex device. It's challenging for surgeons to
implant, and it can cause complications.
Currently, TAHs are used only in a small number of
people. Researchers are working to make even
better TAHs that will allow people to live longer and
have fewer complications.

26. How to reduce risk to heart diseases.
Heart disease treatments depend on the condition, but may
include lifestyle changes and medications. Lifestyle changes
can include:
• eating a healthy diet rich in fiber, omega-3 fatty acids,
fruits, and vegetables. Choose foods that are low in fat,
sodium, and cholesterol to help control your blood
pressure.
• increasing physical activity to maintain a healthy weight,
reduce your risk of diabetes, and improve cholesterol
levels. Aim for at least 60 minutes of activity per week, says
the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute.
• quitting smoking can lower your risk of heart disease and
complications.

27. • drinking alcohol in moderation can lower
blood pressure and decrease the risk for heart
disease. Men should drink no more than two,
and women no more than one alcoholic
beverage per day, according to the National
Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism.
• learning how to deal with stress, either
through exercise, medication, stress
management therapy or support groups.