This document proposes an automatic water irrigation system as a minor project. It aims to start and stop irrigation through supply channels and reduce water wastage and labor costs. The system uses a microcontroller, motor driver circuit, and soil moisture sensor. It senses soil moisture and compares it to a reference voltage. If dry, it signals the microcontroller to turn on the motor and pump water. Literature on irrigation system components is reviewed. Expected outcomes are avoiding plant dehydration through efficient watering with less labor.

1. AUTOMATIC WATER IRRIGATION SYSTEM
MINOR PROJECT SYNOPSIS
of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
in
ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGNEERING
Submitted by:
Name : Arpan Jain Sahil Kumar
Enrollment Number : 60114804916 41514804916
Guided by
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS
ENGINEERING
MAHARAJA AGRASEN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

2. (AFFILIATED TO GURU GOBIND SINGH INDRAPRASTHA
UNIVERSITY, DELHI)
AUTOMATIC WATER IRRIGATION SYSTEM
CONTENTS
CONTENT PAGE NO.
INTRODUCTION 3
RATIONALE 5
OBJECTIVE 5
LITERATURE REVIEW 5
EXPECTED OUTCOMES 6
BIBLIOGRAPHY 7

3. INTRODUCTION
In present days, in the field of agriculture farmers are facing major
problems in watering their crops. It’s because they don’t have proper
idea about the availability of the power. Even if it is available, they
need to pump water and wait until the field is properly watered, which
compels them to stop doing other activities – which are also important
for them, and thus they loss their precious time and efforts. But, there
is a solution – an automatic plant irrigation system not only helps
farmers but also others for watering their gardens as well.
This automatic irrigation system senses the moisture content of the
soil and automatically switches the pump when the power is on. A
proper usage of irrigation system is very important because the main
reason is the shortage of land reserved water due to lack of rain,
unplanned use of water as a result large amounts of water goes waste.
For this reason, we use this automatic plant watering system, and this
system is very useful in all climatic conditions.
An automatic irrigation system does the work quite efficiently and
with a positive impact on the place where it is installed. Once it is
installed in the agricultural field, the water distribution to crops and
nurseries becomes easy and doesn’t require any human support to
perform the operations permanently. Sometimes automatic irrigation
can also be performed by using mechanical appliances such as clay
pots or bottle irrigation system. It’s very hard to implement irrigation
systems because they are very expensive and complex in their design.
By taking some basic points into considerations from experts’
support, we have implemented some projects on automatic irrigation
system by using different technologies.

4. OUR DESIGN
This automatic plant irrigation system comprises three main
components namely a microcontroller, a motor-driver circuit and a
sensor circuit. When the sensor circuit senses the condition of soil, it
compares it with the reference voltage 5v. This process is done by
a 555 Timer.
When the soil condition is less than the reference voltage, i.e., 5v,
then the soil is considered as dry and instantly the 555 timer sends the
logic signal 1 to the microcontroller. The microcontroller then turns
on the motor driver circuit and prompts the motor to pump water to

5. the plants. When the soil condition is greater than the reference
voltage, the soil becomes dry. Then the timer sends the logic signal 0
to the microcontroller, this turns off the motor driver circuit and
prompts motor to pump water to the fields. Finally, the condition of
the motor and soil are displayed in the LCD display.
This automatic plant-irrigation system depends on the output of the
humidity sensors. Whenever there is a need of excess water in the
desired fields, then it is impossible to use sensor technology. But, by
using DTMF technology we will be able to irrigate the desired field in
desired quantity.
Rationale:
The main purpose of using this project is to start and stop irrigation
through supply channel outlets and also to reduce the wastage of
water.
Objective:
 To start and stop irrigation through supply channel outlets.
 To start and stop pumps.
 To reduce the number of labour.
 To reduce cost for vehicles used for irrigation.
LiteratureReview:
A literature review is a scholarly paper, which includes the current
knowledge including substantive findings, as well as theoretical and
methodological contributions to a particular topic. It includes
discussion about the components that are being used in the working of
automatic water irrigation system.

6. Components Used:
 555 IC
 10k variable resistor
 soil sensor
 dc water pump (use only 9v)
 5 volt relay
 Two battery cap
 Two 9 volt battery
Expected Outcome:
Our plant will avoid dehydration and continue to grow without any
deficiency of water. This also decreases the use of excessive water.
This is a very efficient manner which requires less labour and it also
saves time.

7. BIBLIOGRAPHY
For making this report following references were used:
1. https://www.google.co.in
2. https://www.elprocus.com/microcontroller-based-automatic-
irrigation-system/
3. https://www.edgefx.in/automatic-plant-irrigation-system-circuit-
and-its-working/
4. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controller_(irrigation)
5. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mm-n45_84u8