The document describes a bidirectional visitor counter project that utilizes IR sensors for counting objects moving in a designated direction while ignoring those exiting. It outlines the hardware and software requirements, operational details, features, and the merits and demerits of the system, as well as potential future enhancements and applications. This counter can be employed in various settings, including homes, theaters, and shopping malls, to monitor and manage entry effectively.

1. Light Automation using
Bidirectional Visitor
Counter
Submitted to: Submitted by:
Prof. Sunil Shukla Rituraj Singh

2. Contents:
 Introduction
 Block diagram of the project
 Hardware requirements
 Software requirements
 Operation
 Features
 Merits & Demerits
 Future enhancement
 Application

3. Introduction:
 Counters with directional detection are useful for counting of objects moving
along a predefined path. These may find application as visitor counters and
also for counting of objects in a given direction and ignoring those moving in
the reverse direction. Here we present a simple circuit that counts the
number of persons or the objects entering the premises ignoring those exiting
or leaving it.
 The counter section consists of two IR LEDs, two photodiode detectors. The
movement of objects including the direction of their movement is detected
by the arrangement of the IR LED and photodiode detector pairs. The
photodiode of each pair is mounted opposite to its corresponding IR LED fall
directly on the photodiode detector.

4. Block diagram of the bidirectional visitor counter

5. Hardware Requirement:
 Microcontroller 89s52
 LCD: 16x2 Alphanumeric Display
 IR Sensors

6. Software Requirement:
 Keil Software as Compiler.
 Proteus for Circuit Designing
 Protel for PCB Designing.

7. Operation:
 Module works in the half-duplex mode.
 Means it can both transmit and receive but not both at the same time.
 Module has packet buffer of 128 bytes. When receiving 128 bytes from serial
port, it will send data out at once. If the data package received is below 128
bytes, the module will wait for about 30ms and then send it.
 In order to send data immediately, 128 bytes data per transmission is
necessary. After each transmission, module will be switched to receiver mode
automatically.
 The switch time is about 5ms. The LED for TX and RX indicates whether
module is currently receiving or transmitting data.
 The data send is checked for CRC error if any, the transmitter sends out data
up to 15 times till data is correctly received.

8. Features:
 Internal thermal overload protection
 No external components required
 Output transistor safe area protection
 Internal short circuit current limit

9. Merits & Demerits:
Merits:
 No need of Human intervention
 Can work 24x7 without any problem
 Low cost and very easy to implement
Demerits:
 If there are multiple doors for the same room the project becomes quite
complex.
 IR sensor cannot detect if lots of people are entering at one time.

10. Future Enhancement:
 We can interface GSM modem to send this data through SMS.
 Lights can be turned ON/OFF according to the number of people in the room.
 We can check the ambient light intensity and then decide if the light needs to
be turned ON or not.
 Metal detector can be added for security reasons.

11. Application:
 This circuit can be used domestically to get an indication of number of
persons entering a party
 It can be used at official meetings.
 It can be used at homes and other places to keep a check on the number of
persons entering a secured place.
 It can also be used as home automation system to ensure energy saving by
switching on the loads and fans only when needed.
 Cinema theaters
 Shopping malls
 Meuseums

12. Thank You