Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia, affecting 1-2% of the general population currently but projected to double within 50 years as the population ages. Risk of developing AF increases with age, with lifetime risk being 25% for those reaching age 40. Evaluation of patients with AF involves taking a thorough history and performing a physical exam, ECG, and echocardiogram to identify risk factors and structural heart issues. Management of AF focuses on reducing symptoms through rhythm or rate control, preventing complications with antithrombotic therapy, and treating any underlying heart conditions.