The document discusses the principles and practices of atomic absorption spectrophotometry in analytical chemistry, focusing on sample preparation, chemical interference, and the importance of matching the matrix during standard preparation. It highlights the technique's applications for analyzing metals in biological fluids and environmental samples, noting the replacement of flame emission measurements with ion selective electrode measurements in clinical settings. Overall, it provides a brief overview of the methodology and its significance in various fields.

1. ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
AROOJ GOHAR
ROLL#26

2. ATOMIC ABSORPTION
SPECTROPHOTOMETRY
SAMPLE PREPARATION

3. SAMPLE PREPARATION:
Sample preparation with flame method can often be
kept to a minimum as long as chemical or spectral
interference are absent essentially all that is
required is to obtain a sample in the form of
diluted and filtered solution.

4. FORMS OF ANALYTE:
• It often makes no difference what chemical form of analyte
is because it will dissociated to the free element vapor in
the flame thus several elements in the blood, urine,
cerebral spinal fluid and biological fluids by direct aspiration
of the sample .

5. SAMPLE DILUTION :
Usually dilution with water will be required to
prevent clogging of the burner.

6. BURNER:

7. MATRIX SELECTION:
In The preparation of standards, the matrix of the analyte
must always be matched.
For example :
If lead in gasoline is to determined, a stimulated
Solvent matrix must be used for standards, not water.

8. CHEMICAL INTERFERENCE:
• Chemical interferences can be overcome by simple addition
of a suitable reagent solution.
• Serum is diluted with a solution containing EDTA for the
determination of calcium in order to prevent interference
from phosphate.
• Sodium and potassium in concentrations equal to those in
serum are added to calcium standards to prevent ionization
interference.

9. APPLICATIONS OF ATOMIC ABSORPTION
SPECTROPHOTOMETRY TO BIOLOGICAL
SAMPLES :
• This technique is widely used for metal analysis in biological
fluids and tissues in environmental samples such as air and
water and in occupational health and safety areas.
• Routine applications of flame emission spectrophotometry to
biological samples are generally limited to alkali and alkaline
earth metals

10. REPLACEMENT OF FLAME
EMISSION MEASUREMENTS:
Ion selective electrode measurements have
largely replaced the flame emission
measurements in the clinical chemical
laboratory.
As ion selective electrode measure the activity
of ion directly Rather than the concentrations.

11. OVERVIEW OF ATOMIC ABSORPTION
SPECTROSCOPY:

12. THANK YOU
FOR LISTENING