This document discusses tretinoin, a topical retinoid used to treat acne. It begins by explaining vitamin A and its role in vision, immunity, and cell growth. It then defines retinoids and carotenoids as the two main categories of vitamin A. The document provides details on the mechanisms of action, indications, and common side effects of tretinoin for acne treatment. It recommends applying tretinoin once daily to affected areas and provides precautions for sun exposure and sensitive areas. The target customer is identified as dermatologists and self-practitioners, with DJPL listed as a competitor.

1. ATOIN 0.025
Tretinoin 0.025 %
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2. ATOIN 0.025
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Vitamin A is an important vitamin for healthy
vision, immune system function, and cell growth.
Vitamin A” refers to several different but related
nutrients that can be divided up into two main
categories:
1. Retinoids (retinol) and
2. Carotenoids
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3. ATOIN 0.025Tretinoin 0.025 %
• Retinol is the bioavailable form, found only in
animal foods;
• Carotenoids are pro-vitamin A that our body
must convert into the active form.
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4. 1.Retinoids ( Retinol) (fat-soluble,
biologically active vitamin A found in
animal foods)
• Retinyl palmitate, retinol,
• retinaldehyde,
• adapalene,
• tretinoin,
• isotretinoin, and
• tazarotene
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5. 2.Carotenoids (water-soluble pro-
vitamins found in plant foods)
Carotenes
Alpha-carotene: Antioxidant with potential
anti-cancer activity; stimulates intercellular
communication.
Beta carotene
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6. ATOIN 0.025
Tretinoin 0.025 %
• Retinol (vitamin A) and its metabolites
(retinoids) are essential for growth and cell
differentiation, particularly of epithelial tissue
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7. ATOIN 0.025
Tretinoin 0.025 %
Tretinoin belongs to a group of
drugs called Retinoids.
Tretinoin was the first topical
retinoid employed for the
treatment of acne
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8. MOA
 Modify abnormal follicular keratinization. Comedones form in follicles
with an excess of keratinized epithelial cells.
 Tretinoin promotes detachment of cornified cells and the enhanced
shedding of corneocytes from the follicle.
 By increasing the mitotic activity of follicular epithelia, tretinoin also
increases the turnover rate of thin, loosely-adherent corneocytes.
 Through these actions, the comedo contents are extruded and the
formation of the microcomedo, the precursor lesion of acne vulgaris, is
reduced.
 Additionally, tretinoin acts by modulating the proliferation and
differentiation of epidermal cells.
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9. ATOIN 0.025
Tretinoin 0.025 %
 prevents foilicular plugging,
 leads to drainage and expulsion of excess
sebum and P. acnes, and
 helps create a more aerobic environment that
is less conducive to P. acnes
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10. Keratinization
 The process by which vertebrate epithelial cells become fi
lled with keratin protein filaments, die, and form tough,
resistant structures
 a process by which epithelial cells lose their moisture and
are replaced by horny tissue.
Cornified
:converted into horny tissue (keratin); keratinized.
Corneocytes are non-living cells that form the outermost
layer of the epidermis by process of cornification.
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11. ATOIN 0.025Tretinoin 0.025 %
 To stimulate the growth of new cells, unclog (Drain) pores, and
promote the normal flow of sebum .
It is generally thought that
 hypercornification,
 plugging of the foilicular opening by sloughed(Outer layer of skin)
keratinocytes and other debris,
 comedone formation,
 excess sebum production,
 abnormal proliferation of Propionibacterium acnes, and leukocyte
infiltration
combine to set the stage for a localized inflammatory
response
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12. Indications
• Used as a comedolytic agent
to treat mild-to moderate acne
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13. ATOIN 0.025
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• Acne vulgaris is a common chronic skin disease
involving blockage and/or inflammation of
pilosebaceous units (hair follicles and their
accompanying sebaceous gland).
• Acne can present as noninflammatory lesions,
inflammatory lesions, or a mixture of both, affecting
mostly the face but also the back and chest.[1] See the
image below.
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14.  Comedones are the skin-coloured, small bumps (papules) frequently
found on the forehead and chin of those with acne. A single lesion is
a comedo.
 Open comedones are blackheads; black because of
surface pigment (melanin)
 Closed comedones are whiteheads; the follicle is completely blocked
 Microcomedones are so small that they are not visible to the naked eye
 Macrocomedones are facial closed comedones that are larger than 2–3
mm in diameter
 A giant comedo is a type of cyst in which there is a clear blackhead-like
opening in the skin
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16. Applications
should be applied once a day,
 in the evening, to the skin where acne lesions
appear,
 using enough to cover the entire affected
area lightly.
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17. ATOIN 0.025
Tretinoin 0.025 %
The first sign of subclinical acne is thought to
be the microcomedo “lesion” within which
abnormal amounts of keratinized cells are
produced.
 Keratinocytes are part of the skin's first line of
defense.
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18. ATOIN 0.025
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Common side effects of tretinoin include
 peeling,
 dry skin
 redness of the skin
 burning
 stinging, and itching.
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Precautions
 Exposure to sunlight should be avoided or minimized during use of
tretinoin topical use because of heightened sunburn susceptibility.
 Tretinoin has been reported to cause severe irritation to patients with
eczema and should be used only with.
 Avoid contact with the eyes, ears, nostrils, angles of the nose, and
mouth. Tretinoin topical may cause severe redness, itching, burning,
stinging, and peeling if used on these areas.
 Avoid excessive exposure to wind or cold. Extremes of climate tend to
dry or burn normal skin. Skin treated with tretinoin may be more
vulnerable to these extremes.
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20. Target Customer
• Dermatologist
• Self Practitioner
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21. Compititor
• DJPL
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22. •Thank You
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