The document provides information on the structure of skin and various skin-related problems that cosmetics can address. It discusses the structure of skin including the epidermis, dermis and hypodermis layers. It then summarizes several common skin conditions like dry skin, acne, pigmentation, wrinkles, prickly heat and body odor. For each condition, it provides details on causes, types and potential treatment approaches involving cosmetic formulations.
Myself Omkar Tipugade , M -Pharm sem II , Department of Pharmaceutics . today i upload presentation on addressing dry skin , acne , pigmentation , prickly heat , body odor .
Myself Omkar Tipugade , M pharm , Shree Santkrupa College of Pharmacy , Ghogaon , Karad ( Maharashtra).
I upload the presentation on sun protection & type of Skin and sun screen agent depend on skin type , and also brief information about the cosmetic & cosmeceutical product.
Myself Omkar Tipugade , M -Pharm sem II , Department of Pharmaceutics . today i upload presentation on addressing dry skin , acne , pigmentation , prickly heat , body odor .
Myself Omkar Tipugade , M pharm , Shree Santkrupa College of Pharmacy , Ghogaon , Karad ( Maharashtra).
I upload the presentation on sun protection & type of Skin and sun screen agent depend on skin type , and also brief information about the cosmetic & cosmeceutical product.
Structure of skin relating to problems like dry skin, acne vulgaris, pigmenta...Jaswanth Gowda BH
This single presentation contains a complete information about structure of skin and its relating to problems such as dry skin, acne vulgaris, pigmentation, prickly heat, wrinkles, body odour, structure of hair and hair growth cycle, oral cavity problems.
1. Structure of skin.
2. Skin relating problems :
a. Dry skin
b. Acne
c. Pigmentation
d. Prickly heat
e. Wrinkles
f. Body odour
3. Structure of hair.
4. Hair growth cycle.
Formulation Building blocks: Building blocks for different product formulatio...PRAJAKTASAWANT33
Building blocks for different product formulations of
cosmetics/cosmeceuticals. Surfactants - Classification and application. Emollients,
rheological additives: classification and application.
The presentation contains brief explanation about the Emollients, its types with detailed examples. Brief classification of Rheological additives is also presented along with the applications in cosmeceuticals.
Cosmetics – Biological aspects
Structure of skin
Functions of Skin
Skin relating problem like,
Dry skin
Acne
Pigmentation
Prickly heat
Wrinkles
Body odor
Structure of hair
Hair growth cycle
Problem associated with Hair
Cleansing and care need for face skin,eye lids,lips,hands,feet,nail,scalp,neck,bDRx Amit Chaudhari
Hi friends these topics mainly related to cosmetic biological aspects in which Cleansing and Care need for face skin, scalp, Nail, lips, eye,body and deodorants preparation are explained ..I hope you will like my slides and if any queries then comments .
Structure of skin relating to problems like dry skin, acne vulgaris, pigmenta...Jaswanth Gowda BH
This single presentation contains a complete information about structure of skin and its relating to problems such as dry skin, acne vulgaris, pigmentation, prickly heat, wrinkles, body odour, structure of hair and hair growth cycle, oral cavity problems.
1. Structure of skin.
2. Skin relating problems :
a. Dry skin
b. Acne
c. Pigmentation
d. Prickly heat
e. Wrinkles
f. Body odour
3. Structure of hair.
4. Hair growth cycle.
Formulation Building blocks: Building blocks for different product formulatio...PRAJAKTASAWANT33
Building blocks for different product formulations of
cosmetics/cosmeceuticals. Surfactants - Classification and application. Emollients,
rheological additives: classification and application.
The presentation contains brief explanation about the Emollients, its types with detailed examples. Brief classification of Rheological additives is also presented along with the applications in cosmeceuticals.
Cosmetics – Biological aspects
Structure of skin
Functions of Skin
Skin relating problem like,
Dry skin
Acne
Pigmentation
Prickly heat
Wrinkles
Body odor
Structure of hair
Hair growth cycle
Problem associated with Hair
Cleansing and care need for face skin,eye lids,lips,hands,feet,nail,scalp,neck,bDRx Amit Chaudhari
Hi friends these topics mainly related to cosmetic biological aspects in which Cleansing and Care need for face skin, scalp, Nail, lips, eye,body and deodorants preparation are explained ..I hope you will like my slides and if any queries then comments .
Skin care is the range of practices that support skin integrity, enhance its appearance, and relieve skin conditions. They can include nutrition, avoidance of excessive sun exposure, and appropriate use of emollients. Practices that enhance appearance include the use of cosmetics, botulinum, exfoliation, fillers, laser resurfacing, microdermabrasion, peels, and retinol therapy.
Acne is a dermatological problem affected by an estimated 65 million people worldwide. This presentation is based on the changes on the skin in relation to the problem 'acne'.
Cosmetics - Biological aspects and design of cosmeceutical productsMOHAMMAD ASIM
Structure of skin relating to problems like dry skin, acne, pigmentation, prickly heat, wrinkles, sun protection, sunscreens
classification and regulatory aspects
Addressing wrinkles, body odor & dandruff through cosmeceutical preparationsMonika Dovulary
This presentation is a precise yet descriptive information of the topic and will be of extreme use to postgraduate students.
I hope this will be of great help.
Liquid dosage forms: Advantages and disadvantages of liquid dosage forms. Excipients used in formulation of liquid dosage forms. Solubility enhancement techniques
Good Laboratory Practices: General Provisions, Organization and Personnel, Facilities, Equipment,
Testing Facilities Operation, Test and Control Articles, Protocol for Conduct of a Nonclinical Laboratory
Study, Records and Reports, Disqualification of Testing Facilities, Organization and Personnel, Facilities, Equipment,
Testing Facilities Operation, Test and Control Articles, Protocol for Conduct of a Nonclinical Laboratory
Study, Records and Reports, Disqualification of Testing Facilities
PHARMACEUTICAL QUALITY ASSURANCE SIXTH SEMSTER B PHARM
Introduction, definition and general principles of calibration, qualification
and validation, importance and scope of validation, types of validation, validation master plan. Calibration of pH meter, Qualification of UV-Visible spectrophotometer, General principles of Analytical
method Validation.
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
HOT NEW PRODUCT! BIG SALES FAST SHIPPING NOW FROM CHINA!! EU KU DB BK substit...GL Anaacs
Contact us if you are interested:
Email / Skype : kefaya1771@gmail.com
Threema: PXHY5PDH
New BATCH Ku !!! MUCH IN DEMAND FAST SALE EVERY BATCH HAPPY GOOD EFFECT BIG BATCH !
Contact me on Threema or skype to start big business!!
Hot-sale products:
NEW HOT EUTYLONE WHITE CRYSTAL!!
5cl-adba precursor (semi finished )
5cl-adba raw materials
ADBB precursor (semi finished )
ADBB raw materials
APVP powder
5fadb/4f-adb
Jwh018 / Jwh210
Eutylone crystal
Protonitazene (hydrochloride) CAS: 119276-01-6
Flubrotizolam CAS: 57801-95-3
Metonitazene CAS: 14680-51-4
Payment terms: Western Union,MoneyGram,Bitcoin or USDT.
Deliver Time: Usually 7-15days
Shipping method: FedEx, TNT, DHL,UPS etc.Our deliveries are 100% safe, fast, reliable and discreet.
Samples will be sent for your evaluation!If you are interested in, please contact me, let's talk details.
We specializes in exporting high quality Research chemical, medical intermediate, Pharmaceutical chemicals and so on. Products are exported to USA, Canada, France, Korea, Japan,Russia, Southeast Asia and other countries.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
Follow us on: Pinterest
Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
3. Cosmetics –Definition
As per EU cosmetics is defined as “any
substance or preparations intended to be palced
in contact with various external part of human
body or with the teeth and mucus membrane of
the oral cavity with a view mainly to clean them ,
perfuming, changing their appearance
correcting body odour or protecting them or
keeping them in good condition”
4. SKIN
Skin is the largest organ of the body,
accounting for about 15% of the total adult
body weight.
It protects against external particles.
It prevents excessive water loss from the
body.
It helps in Thermoregulation.
5. STRUCTURE OF SKIN
1. Epidermis (Outer layer responsible for
colour)
2. Dermis (Contains hair follicle & sweat
glands)
3. Hypodermis (Made of fat & connective
tissue
6. EPIDERMIS
• Outer layer of skin, acts as barrier to
infections.
• Made of keratinized stratified squamous
epithelial cells.
• Cells are formed by mitosis in basal layer, then
get pushed into more superficial layers of
strata.
• It is a vascular layer that depends on blood
vessel in underlying dermis for its nutrition
8. DERMIS
Middle layer of skin, that contains nerves, hair
roots, sweat glands, oil glands & blood
vessels.
Made of dense irregular connective tissue
having collagen & fibers, separated from
epidermis by basement membrane.
Highly vascular & highly innervated.
Contains sensory receptors for touch,
pressure, vibration, pain & temparature.
9. Hypodermis
Present below dermis.
Deep to skin & also known as Subcutaneous
tissue.
Consists layer of fats & adipose tissue.
Main cells present are Fibroblast, Adipose
tissue, Macrophages.
Functions as energy source by storing fat.
10. DRY SKIN
• Low level of sebum present.
• Usually feels tight and uncomfortable.
• Chapping and cracking are signs of extremely dry,
dehydrated skin.
• 10-20% of water content in stratum corneum is
required to keep skin soft and pliable.
• Barrier alteration cause increase in
Transepidermal water loss.
• This result in drying out, precipitating dry skin
condition.
• Feels like taut, rough and itchy
11. Causes of Dry skin
Weather
Central heating and air conditioning, fireplaces
Tight clothing or compression
Harsh soaps and detergents
Sun exposure
Aging
12. TREATMENT
1)Cleansing
•Apply moisturizers and or emollients while the skin
is still moist; apply liberally once a day at a
minimum and reapply when required.
•When emollients and moisturizers are insufficient,
the use of ceramides may be considered.
•A barrier cream may be useful for hands and feet.
•When scaling is present, consider a keratolytic
such as a urea-based moisturizer, salicylic acid,
lactic acid, or glycolic acid for mildly, moderately,
and severely dry skin. Consider a higher
concentration keratolytic product on hands and
feet.
13. TREATMENT
2) Skin Care Products
FORMULATION OF COLD CREAM
White bees wax - 10g
Liquid paraffin - 30g
Borax – 0.5g
Rose oil – 0.1ml
Purified water – 10ml
14. PROCEDURE
•Weigh the required quantity of white beeswax &
liquid paraffin and melt in a china dish by heating
on a water bath upto 70ºC .
•In a glass beaker, dissolve borax in water and heat
upto 70ºC
•When both oily and aqueous phases reaches the
same temperature (70ºC) , gradually add borax
solution to the melted beeswax drop by drop with
constant stirring.
•Stir continuously until it becomes cool.When the
temperature lowers to 40-45ºC , incorporate rose
oil and mix uniformly , until a homogeneous semi-
solid mass is obtained.
15. ACNE
•Acne, also known as acne vulgaris, is a long-
term skin disease that occurs when hair
follicles are clogged with dead skin cells and
oil from the skin.
•It is characterized by blackheads or
whiteheads, pimples, oily skin, and possible
scarring.
• It primarily affects areas of the skin with a
relatively high number of oil glands, including
the face, upper part of the chest, and back
16. CAUSES
•Gene
•Hormonal activity, such as occurs during menstrual
cycles and puberty
•Infections against anaerobic bacterial species
Propionibacterium acnes
•High-glycemic-load diets
•Stress
•Several medications like lithium, hydantoin,
isoniazid, glucocorticoids, iodides, bromides, and
testosterone. 10
17. ACNE LIFE CYCLE
Stage 1:- Clogged pores Cell lining pores shed &
mix with excess sebum produced by sebaceous
glands forming a plug, leads to clogged pores.
Stage 2:- Bacteria Accumulated sebum & dead
cells attract the bacteria that is naturally found in
skin, which feeds on oil and multiply rapidly inside
pores.
Stage 3:- Inflammation This bacterial overgrowth
triggers the natural inflammatory response
causing swelling & redness. This can ultimately
lead to discoloration & scarring.
18. TREATMENT
(a)Topical retinoids
•Topical retinoids are mainly used in patients
with non-inflammatory comedones, in
combination with other topical and systemic
drugs in mild, moderate and severe
inflammatory acne and also as a maintenance
treatment when oral treatment is stopped.
•The following retinoid are used today in the
topical management of acne: tretinoin,
isotretinoin, adapalene, tazarotene and
retinaldehyde.
19. (b)Antibiotics
•Topical antibiotics are generally used for mild to moderate
inflammatory acne. They have activity against P. acnes, and
therefore act on the surface of the skin to reduce the stimulus
for inflammation of the lesions
•The most popular topical antibiotics used in acne treatment are
erythromycin and clindamycin
(c) Benzoyl Peroxide
•Benzoyl peroxide is a topical disinfectant, originally employed
as a peeling agent for treating acne .
•Benzoyl peroxide has proven bactericidal activity against P.
acnes by releasing free radical oxygen, which degrades the
bacterial proteins
20. (d) Azelaic Acid
•Azelaic acid is a natural dicarboxylic acid that
inhibits protein synthesis of the P. acnes
species
•It is an effective agent because it has
bacteriostatic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant
21. PIGMENTATION
Pigmentation disorders are disturbances of
human skin color, either loss or reduction, which
may be related to loss of melanocytes or the
inability of melanocytes to produce melanin or
transport melanosomes correctly.
Pigmentation is the colouring of an individual’s
skin. The colour of skin appears normal when a
person is healthy.
A person’s skin may change colour and grow
darker (hyperpigmentation) or lighter
(hypopigmentation) because of illness and injury.
22. PIGMENTATION DISORDER
1)Hyperpigmentation
It is the darkening of an area of
skin or nails caused by increased melanin.One of
the leading causes of hyperpigmentation is
exposure to sunlight.
2)Hypopigmentation
It is the loss of skin colour which is caused
by melanin depletion.
3)Vitiligo
Vitiligo is an autoimmune disease in which
there is an appearance of smooth white patches
on the skin occur all over the body.
23. 4)Albinism It is a rare inherited disorder which is
caused by the absence of an enzyme that
produces melanin. Pigmentation is completely
lost as a result in eyes, skin and hair.
5) De-pigmentation It is the lightening of the skin
or loss of pigment 16
24. TREATMENT OF PIGMENTATION
DISORDERS
1)Hydroquinone
•HQ affects not only the formation, melanization,
and degradation of melanosomes, but it also
affects the membranous structures of
melanocytes and eventually causes necrosis
of whole melanocytes. •HQ preparations are
commonly used in the treatment of melasma at
concentrations varying from 2 to 5% applied
once daily
25. 2)Azelaic acid
•Azelaic acid is a naturally occurring,
nonphenolic, saturated, nine-carbon
dicarboxylic acid that competitively inhibits
tyrosinase.
•It has also been used to treat hyperpigmentary
disorders like melasma. 17
3)Glycolic acid
•Glycolic acid is an alpha-hydroxy acid that is
usually combined with other agents at a
concentration of 5-10% for its skin-lightening
property.
26. 4)Arbutin
•Arbutin, the beta-D-glucopyranoside derivative of
hydroquinone, is a naturally occurring plant
product which has been used successfully in the
treatment of hyperpigmentary disorders. Arbutin
acts by the inhibition of tyrosinase, thereby
decreasing melanin formation.
5)Niacinamide
•Niacinamide (nicotinamide), the biologically active
amide form of niacin (vitamin B3), can reduce
pigmentation by reversibly preventing the transfer
of melanosomes from melanocytes to the
keratinocytes
27. Formulation of hypopigmentation
cream
Paraffin oil and coconut oil
Cetomacrogol 1000
Cetostearyl alcohol
Glycerin
Lemon oil
Distilled Water Extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra
28. PROCEDURE
Preparation of base
•Water in oil (W/O) cream was prepared by the
addition of aqueous phase to the oily phase
with continuous agitation. To prepare base; oily
phase that consisted of paraffin oil, beeswax,
coconut oil and surfactants (cetomacrogol
1000 and cetosteatyl alcohol), is heated up to
75°C±1°C. Aqueous phase consisting of
glycerin and water is heated to the same
temperature. Preparation
29. Preparation of formulation
• The formulation was also prepared by same
method; the only difference is the addition of
Glycyrrhiza glabra extract (active drug) that is
added in aqueous phase consisting of glycerin
and water. Each formulation consists of
preserved water (propyl paraben 0.02% w/w
and methyl paraben 0.1% w/w) to 100g. The
formulations were neutralized by
Triethanolamine to pH=5.5 at 25°C.
30. WRINKLES
A wrinkle, also known as a rhytide, is a fold,
ridge or crease in the skin .
Skin wrinkles typically appear as a result of
aging processes such as glycation, habitual
sleeping positions, loss of body mass, or
temporarily, as the result of prolonged
immersion in water.
Age wrinkling in the skin is promoted by
habitual facial expressions, aging, sun
damage, smoking, poor hydration, and various
other factors.
31. TREATMENT
1)The fillers :
•The filler is a biological or syntactical mean to inject in
hypoderm or in derma tissue, so to implement or
enhance a limited area of body (usually face) for
aesthetic purpose.
•The used substrates are bovine collagen, autologous
collagen, cadaveric collagen.
2)Peelings :
•Peeling is a medical treatment consisting in a micro-
abrasion of epidermis or the superficial and medium
derma, by means of chemical or physical agents.
•The peels used in these treatments are pyruvic acid,
salicylic acid, retinoic acid, tricloroacetic acid (T.C.A.)
at 10%-20%.
32. 3)Botulinum toxin
•Botulinum toxin injection for treatment of facial wrinkles
is one of the most common entry procedures for
clinicians seeking to incorporate aesthetic treatments
into their practice.
•Botulinum toxin is a potent neurotoxin that inhibits
release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular
junction.
4)Lasers
•The cosmetic use of the laser represents a valid non-
invasive intervention for the aged skin. The used
lasers are the CO2 laser.
•They are indicated for treatments of aesthetic lesions,
for resurfacing, for non-ablative rejuvenating and for
hair removal. Other treatments are Dermabrasion,
33. PRICKLY HEAT
• It is aslo called as heat rash/miliaria.
• It is itchy inflammation of superficial layers of skin,
typically with rash of small vesicles, common in
hot humid whether.
• They are red bumps on a skin & an itchy or prickly
feeling on skin.
• Heat rash is common in summer months &
particularly in humid climates.
• These conditions are usually self-limited and
resolves in hours to a few days without treatment.
• Any body part can be affected, majorly face, neck,
back, abdomen, elbow folds, groin.
34. CAUSES
• It is caused by trapped sweat, when the body is
hot the sweat glands get activated to produce
sweat on skin.
• When body kept in warm state, the constant sweat
production can overload sweat glands, this can
cause the sweat ducts to get blocked by trapping
sweat in deep layers of skin with help of bacterias.
• This trapped sweat irritates the skin by forming
the rash on it.
• Most common trigger for prickly heat is exposure
to heat for long time.
35. TYPES
1. Clear (Miliaria crystallina)
• It sometimes called as miliaria sudamina. This
happens when the blockage of sweat ducts occur
at closer surface of skin. The rash is like tiny clear
spots & may look like beads of sweat.
2. Red (Miliaria rubra) • It is a most common type. •
It is caused when the blockage of the sweat ducts
occur at deeper part of the outer layer of skin
(Epidermis). • Crops of tiny red bumpy spots
develop. • The rash may occur within days of
coming into hot climate. However the rash doesn’t
appear until weeks or months have passed in hot
climate. •
36. 3)White/Yellow (Miliaria pustulosa)
• In this type the bumps on the skin become
infected with the bacteria living on the skin
surface. The fluid inside the bumps contain
pus.
4). Deep (Miliaria profunda)
• It is uncommon and caused when the blockage
of sweat ducts occurs at the level of middle
layer of skin (Dermis). It typically occurs in
people who live in a hot climate who
repeatedly had miliaria rubra
37. BODYODOUR
• It is perceived unpleasant smell that body
can give when bacteria present on skin breaks
down the sweat into acid.
• Body odour caused by combination of sweat
& bacteria, normally found in skin.
38. CAUSES
Emotional factors like anxiety, stress,
embracement leads to excessive sweat
secretion.
Illness & medications can also cause
excessive sweating.
Hereditary problems