environment engineering unit 3

1. UNIT-III

2. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
 Environmental Pollution are defined as the
“presence of impurities or pollutant substances
(gases, particulate matter, radioactive substances
etc) in environment that causing the harmful
effect on the human, plant and animal”.

3. TYPES OF ENVIRONMENTAL
POLLUTION
1. Air pollution
2. Water pollution
3. Soil pollution
4. Marine pollution
5. Noise pollution

5.  Air pollution are defined as the “presence of one
or more contaminants or pollutant substances in
the atmosphere that causes the harmful effect on
the human health, plant & animal”.

6. TYPES OF AIR POLLUTANTS
1. PRIMARY POLLUTANTS
2. SECONDARY POLLUTANTS
 Primary Pollutants: These are emitted directly from the
point source (identifiable sources) e.g. carbon monoxide
(CO), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), oxides of sulphur (SOx),
Hydrocarbons, Radioactive substances etc.
 Secondary Pollutants: These are formed by interaction
of primary pollutants with other primary pollutants or
with some constituents e.g. ozone, peroxyacetyl nitrate
(PAN), photochemical smog etc.

7. SOURCES OF AIR POLLUTION
1. Natural sources
o Forest fire
o Bio-pollutants
o Volcanic eruption
2. Man-made Sources
o Burning of fossil fuels
o Automobiles
o Steel plants
o Thermal power plants
o textile industries
o Fertilizers industries
o Chemical and pesticides plants

15. EFFECTS OF AIR POLLUTION ON
ENVIRONMENT AND HUMAN HEALTH
 Ozone causes reduce pollination and yellow spot
formation on the leaves thus affecting the rate of
photosynthesis.
 It causes the global warming, acid rain and helps
in formation of photo-chemical smog.
 It Causes harmful effect on the plant-
 Nacrosis –killing or collapse of tissues
 Chlorosis –reduction in the chlorophyll
 Abscission -dropping of leaves
 It causes depletion of ozone in stratosphere
 It causing temperature inversion

16. CONTROL OF AIR POLLUTION
• Minimize activities which are causes the
pollution like transportation and burning of
fossil fuels.
• Modification of Equipments.
• By using the low sulphur coal in industries.
• Removing the sulphur from coal (by washing
with the help of bacteria)
• By using the biological and bio-scrubbers.
• Plantation.

19. AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
EQUIPMENTS
Gravitational settling chamber
Cyclone separator
Fabric filter
Electrostatic precipitator
Wet scrubber