Atificial blood
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This is my own word presentation of artificial blood ....easy to read n very helpful ...1st try ...this ppt showing the history of artificial blood with the procedure of making of artificial blood also contains advantage disadvantages ..! Please checkout..thank u ...!!
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Artificial blood
It is about an interesting topic named Artificial Blood which is nowadays a upcoming tool to eradicate blood related disorders and transfusions.
Artificial blood
Artificial blood is an innovative concept of transfusion medicine where specifically designed compounds perform the task of transport and delivery of oxygen in the body to replace this function of allogenic human blood transfusion.
Artificial blood
This Presentation information content includes:-
Description of Blood and its system; Introduction to Artificial Blood; Need; Brief History; Design of Artfiicial Blood; Blood substituents - Platelet Sustituents [ Infusible Platelet Membrane (IPM), Thrombospheres, Lyophilised Human Platelets], Advantages & Disadvantages; RBC Substituents [ Perfluorocarbons, Haemoglobin based Oxygen Carriers], Advantages & Disadvantages; Applications; References.
Artificial blood seminar
This document provides an overview of a seminar on artificial blood. It discusses the history of artificial blood and blood transfusions. It describes the key components and functions of whole blood. The two main types of artificial blood that are discussed are perfluorocarbons and hemoglobin-based products. The document outlines some of the advantages of artificial blood as well as controversies around its use. It also briefly discusses future directions and applications.
Artificial blood
The document discusses artificial blood or blood substitutes. It describes how artificial blood aims to provide an alternative to blood transfusions by carrying oxygen without containing red or white blood cells. Two main types are discussed - perfluorocarbons which can carry and release oxygen, and hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers derived from hemoglobin but modified to reduce toxicity. Both have benefits for oxygen transport but also risks, with neither performing all the functions of natural blood. The development of a safe, effective artificial blood remains an ongoing challenge.
Artificial blood..a tool for new life
Artificial blood is a substitute for red blood cells that is used to carry oxygen to tissues and the heart. There are two main types - perfluorocarbons and hemoglobin-based products. Perfluorocarbons can dissolve high amounts of oxygen but may cause side effects. Hemoglobin-based products use recombinant DNA technology to modify hemoglobin, which naturally carries oxygen in the body, but the modified hemoglobin can release free radicals. Researchers are still working to develop an artificial blood that is safe, effective, and can remain mixed in the body over long periods of time.
Artificial blood
Artificial blood, also known as blood substitutes, are substances that aim to mimic the functions of biological blood, especially its ability to carry oxygen. The main goals are to provide an alternative to blood transfusions by avoiding issues like limited supply, infectious disease transmission, and high costs. Two major types of artificial blood that have been developed are perfluorocarbon emulsions and hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers. Perfluorocarbons can dissolve and transport oxygen through the body but lack other blood functions. Hemoglobin carriers aim to mimic real hemoglobin but must be modified to avoid issues like rapid kidney filtration. While artificial blood shows promise, current versions still have disadvantages like short lifespans, allergic reactions, and inability to perform all
Artificial blood components and uses
Artificial blood or blood substitutes aim to provide an alternative to blood transfusions by mimicking the oxygen-carrying function of red blood cells without containing actual blood components. Two main types of artificial blood that have been developed are perfluorocarbon emulsions and hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers. Perfluorocarbons can dissolve and transport oxygen but have disadvantages like short half-lives and potential side effects. Hemoglobin solutions aim to utilize hemoglobin's high oxygen affinity but must be modified to avoid issues like rapid kidney filtration. While artificial blood shows promise, challenges remain in replicating all of blood's functions and ensuring safety.
Recommended
Artificial blood
It is about an interesting topic named Artificial Blood which is nowadays a upcoming tool to eradicate blood related disorders and transfusions.
Artificial blood
Artificial blood is an innovative concept of transfusion medicine where specifically designed compounds perform the task of transport and delivery of oxygen in the body to replace this function of allogenic human blood transfusion.
Artificial blood
This Presentation information content includes:-
Description of Blood and its system; Introduction to Artificial Blood; Need; Brief History; Design of Artfiicial Blood; Blood substituents - Platelet Sustituents [ Infusible Platelet Membrane (IPM), Thrombospheres, Lyophilised Human Platelets], Advantages & Disadvantages; RBC Substituents [ Perfluorocarbons, Haemoglobin based Oxygen Carriers], Advantages & Disadvantages; Applications; References.
Artificial blood seminar
This document provides an overview of a seminar on artificial blood. It discusses the history of artificial blood and blood transfusions. It describes the key components and functions of whole blood. The two main types of artificial blood that are discussed are perfluorocarbons and hemoglobin-based products. The document outlines some of the advantages of artificial blood as well as controversies around its use. It also briefly discusses future directions and applications.
Artificial blood
The document discusses artificial blood or blood substitutes. It describes how artificial blood aims to provide an alternative to blood transfusions by carrying oxygen without containing red or white blood cells. Two main types are discussed - perfluorocarbons which can carry and release oxygen, and hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers derived from hemoglobin but modified to reduce toxicity. Both have benefits for oxygen transport but also risks, with neither performing all the functions of natural blood. The development of a safe, effective artificial blood remains an ongoing challenge.
Artificial blood..a tool for new life
Artificial blood is a substitute for red blood cells that is used to carry oxygen to tissues and the heart. There are two main types - perfluorocarbons and hemoglobin-based products. Perfluorocarbons can dissolve high amounts of oxygen but may cause side effects. Hemoglobin-based products use recombinant DNA technology to modify hemoglobin, which naturally carries oxygen in the body, but the modified hemoglobin can release free radicals. Researchers are still working to develop an artificial blood that is safe, effective, and can remain mixed in the body over long periods of time.
Artificial blood
Artificial blood, also known as blood substitutes, are substances that aim to mimic the functions of biological blood, especially its ability to carry oxygen. The main goals are to provide an alternative to blood transfusions by avoiding issues like limited supply, infectious disease transmission, and high costs. Two major types of artificial blood that have been developed are perfluorocarbon emulsions and hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers. Perfluorocarbons can dissolve and transport oxygen through the body but lack other blood functions. Hemoglobin carriers aim to mimic real hemoglobin but must be modified to avoid issues like rapid kidney filtration. While artificial blood shows promise, current versions still have disadvantages like short lifespans, allergic reactions, and inability to perform all
Artificial blood components and uses
Artificial blood or blood substitutes aim to provide an alternative to blood transfusions by mimicking the oxygen-carrying function of red blood cells without containing actual blood components. Two main types of artificial blood that have been developed are perfluorocarbon emulsions and hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers. Perfluorocarbons can dissolve and transport oxygen but have disadvantages like short half-lives and potential side effects. Hemoglobin solutions aim to utilize hemoglobin's high oxygen affinity but must be modified to avoid issues like rapid kidney filtration. While artificial blood shows promise, challenges remain in replicating all of blood's functions and ensuring safety.
Artificial blood - PFC & HBOC
Artificial blood, also called blood substitutes, aims to provide an alternative to blood transfusions by mimicking some functions of biological blood without containing blood cells. The main advantages are longer shelf life, availability without matching blood types, and lower risk of disease transmission. Two main types are perfluorocarbons, which can dissolve oxygen but have low carrying capacity, and hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers produced from purified hemoglobin but which have shorter lifespans in the body. Both have shown promise in clinical trials but also safety issues like inflammation. Research continues to develop safer and more effective artificial blood.
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The document discusses alternatives to red blood cell transfusion called oxygen carriers (OCs), including hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs) derived from mammalian sources and modified chemically or recombinantly, and perfluorocarbons (PFCs) which are inert compounds that can absorb oxygen. An ideal OC would have characteristics like rapid availability, effective oxygen carrying capacity, universal compatibility and long shelf life. Potential uses include treatment of hemorrhagic shock, ischemia, and as perfusional protection during surgery. However, HBOCs may cause vasoactivity and interference with assays, while PFCs can cause flu-like symptoms and lower platelet counts.
ppt - artificial blood.pptx
Artificial blood, or blood substitutes, are substances that aim to mimic the oxygen-carrying function of red blood cells without containing plasma, red blood cells, or white blood cells. The main types are perfluorocarbon-based and hemoglobin-based products. Perfluorocarbons can dissolve more oxygen than biological blood and allow easy transport of oxygen, but they lack affinity for oxygen and require high oxygen levels. Hemoglobin-based products conjugate, crosslink, or polymerize hemoglobin to prevent dissociation in solution while maintaining oxygen affinity, but many have shown harmful side effects in clinical trials. The development of safe, effective artificial blood could help address the increasing demand and risk of disease transmission through blood transfusions. However
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3D bioprinting
hashim salim
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Bioprinting defined as the printing of structures consisting of living cells, biomaterials and active biomolecules.
Biocompatibility
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This document provides information about cell lines. It defines different types of cell lines including primary cell cultures, continuous cell lines, and transient cell lines. It discusses the HeLa cell line which was the first human cancer cell line. It outlines the process for generating stable cell lines including transfection, selection, cloning, and screening for stability. Steps for freezing and storing cell lines are described. Considerations for choosing an appropriate cell line for experiments are presented. Details are given about specific commonly used cell lines like 3T3, HEK293, PC12, CHO, and BC1. References for further information on cell line generation and characterization are provided.
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The document discusses alternatives to red blood cell transfusion called oxygen carriers (OCs), including hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs) derived from mammalian sources and modified chemically or recombinantly, and perfluorocarbons (PFCs) which are inert compounds that can absorb oxygen. An ideal OC would have characteristics like rapid availability, effective oxygen carrying capacity, universal compatibility and long shelf life. Potential uses include treatment of hemorrhagic shock, ischemia, and as perfusional protection during surgery. However, HBOCs may cause vasoactivity and interference with assays, while PFCs can cause flu-like symptoms and lower platelet counts.
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Artificial blood, or blood substitutes, are substances that aim to mimic the oxygen-carrying function of red blood cells without containing plasma, red blood cells, or white blood cells. The main types are perfluorocarbon-based and hemoglobin-based products. Perfluorocarbons can dissolve more oxygen than biological blood and allow easy transport of oxygen, but they lack affinity for oxygen and require high oxygen levels. Hemoglobin-based products conjugate, crosslink, or polymerize hemoglobin to prevent dissociation in solution while maintaining oxygen affinity, but many have shown harmful side effects in clinical trials. The development of safe, effective artificial blood could help address the increasing demand and risk of disease transmission through blood transfusions. However
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Whether due to illness or injury, organ failure is a worldwide problem and its only treatment is organ transplantation or tissue replacement. Although it’s the only solution in these cases, organs demand greatly surpasses the supply. Organs are usually obtained from people who recently have died (up to 24 hours past the cessation of heartbeat) or from people who are clinically brain dead and their body functions are maintained artificially, nevertheless living organ donation is becoming more frequent [1]. The increase of the organ demand has been raising ethical concerns, since this can result in offers or incentives for donation, profit on donated human organs or even exploitation of the disadvantaged. In the developed world most countries have a legal system that oversee organ transplantation, however in poorer countries a black market has been arising, enabling those who can afford to buy organs, exploiting those who are desperate enough to sell them
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Biomaterials can be used for tissue engineering and drug delivery applications. For tissue engineering, cells are seeded onto a scaffold material and allowed to grow to replace damaged tissue. Common scaffold materials include collagen, gelatin and polymers. Hydrogels are a type of smart biomaterial that can be used as a scaffold. They are cross-linked polymeric networks that swell in water. For drug delivery, biomaterials can be engineered to release drugs at controlled rates or in pulses based on environmental stimuli to maximize the therapeutic effect. Examples include hydrogels that release encapsulated drugs as the gel swells. Biomaterials show promise for regenerative medicine and targeted cancer therapies.
3D BIO PRINTING USING TISSUE AND ORGANS
3D bio printing is the process of creating cell patterns in a confined space using 3D printing technologies.
3D bio printing is the layer by layer method to deposit materials known as bioinks to create tissue like structure.
Currently, bioprinting can be used to print tissues and organs to help research drug and pills.
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Introduction
Terminologies
Types of tissue culture
Applications
Culturing
Sub-culturing
Cryopreservation
Detection of contaminants
In vitro transformation of cells
Cell viability
Rules for working in the Lab
Advantages
Limitations
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Tissue engineering is new wing of biotechnology with great advantages.You will find its technical as well as applications in brief in this ppt.
Biomaterials
This document defines biomaterials as substances engineered to interact with biological systems for medical purposes. It classifies biomaterials as hard or flexible and discusses important factors like biocompatibility. Applications of biomaterials include pacemakers, dental implants, artificial joints, and contact lenses. Common biomaterials are polymers, ceramics, metals, and alloys which are used in devices like heart valves, artificial tissues, dental implants, and intraocular lenses.
Bioprinting
Bioprinting defined as the printing of structures consisting of living cells, biomaterials and active biomolecules.
Biocompatibility
Biocompatibility - ability of material to elicit an appropriate biological response on a given application in the body.
The ability of a material to perform with an appropriate host response in a specific application", Williams' definition.
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Karl Landsteiner (June 14, 1868 – June 26, 1943).
Austrian biologist, physician, and immunologist.
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Unit – III:
Composition and formation of blood
Functions of blood
Blood clotting, blood grouping and cross matching
Blood products and their use
Blood
It is a connective tissue and circulating fluid including plasma and blood cells.
Physical characteristics:
More viscous than water.
100.4 degree F temperature.
8% of total body weight.
Average blood volume in males is 5-6 liters and female 4-5 liters
Composition of blood
Blood is made up of two main components.
Plasma (55%)
Blood cells (45%)
Plasma:
Normally 55% of our blood is made up of plasma
Composed of approximately 90% water.
plasma is the liquid portion of the blood.
Composition of blood
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Inorganic ions or Mineral ion.
The plasma proteins
Organic nutrients
Nitrogenous waste products
Hormones
Gases
Composition of blood
Blood cells 3 types of blood cells are
Red blood cells (erythrocytes)
White blood cells (leucocytes)
Platelets (thrombocytes)
Red blood cells:
Also called erythrocytes & Biconcave shape
95% of the RBC consist of haemoglobin(red pigment)
Remaining 5% consist of enzymes, salts and other protein
Formed in red bone marrow
Average life span is 4 months (120 days)
Composition of blood
Function:
To transport oxygen & carbon dioxide.
Blood of male contains 5-5.5 million RBC per cubic millimetres.
Blood of female contains 4-4.5 million RBC per cubic millimetres
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They are colourless & Much larger than red blood cells
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Formed in bone marrow
Their life span depends on the body need so they have life span of months or even years
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Types of WBC:
Granulocytes: neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils.
Agranulocytes: monocytes and lymphocytes.
Main function:
These are the cells of the immune system that are involved in protecting the body against both infectious disease and foreign invaders.
Composition of blood:
3) platelets: also called Thrombocytes.
Normal platelet count is 150,000-400,000/ drop of blood
Platelets have a life span of only 5 to 9 days
Platelets are formed in Bone marrow
Function:
Involving in blood coagulation (blood clotting)
Blood Formation
Hemopoiesis ( haematopoiesis) or hemopoiesis, is the process that produces the formed elements of the blood.
Hemopoiesis takes place in the bone marrow found in the epiphyses of long bones (for example, the humerus and femur), flat bones (ribs and cranial bones), vertebrae, and the pelvis.
Within the bone marrow, hemopoietic stem cells ( hemocytoblasts) divide to produce various “blast” cells.
Each of these cells matures and becomes a particular blood cells.
The rate of blood cell formation depending on the individual
But - average 200 billion RBC per day, 10 billion WBC per day, and 400 billion platelets per day
Blood Formation
Blood cells are made in the bone marrow & located inside some bones.
It contains young p
Circulatory system
This document discusses the circulatory system in humans. It begins by explaining that blood and lymph are the two main circulatory fluids in the body, with blood being carried in a closed circulatory system of blood vessels and lymph being transported through the lymphatic system. It then describes the components of blood in detail. Next, it explains the structure and functioning of the human heart, including the cardiac cycle. It notes that the heart has four chambers and is able to efficiently circulate blood through a double circulation pathway to the lungs and body.
Blood and blood transfusion
Dr. Bhavik Miyani
Resident Doctor- Oral and maxillofacial suregry
Narsinhbhai Patel Dental College & Hospital
History of blood transfusion
Blood banking has evolved significantly over centuries. Early practices included drinking blood for health benefits. The first recorded transfusion was in 1492 but resulted in deaths. Successful animal-to-animal transfusions were performed in the 1600s. Landsteiner discovered the three main blood groups in 1900, greatly advancing safety. During World Wars I and II, innovations like citrate preservation and plastic bags established blood as a transfusion resource. Today, components like plasma and cryoprecipitate are extracted to treat specific conditions. National policies now regulate blood banking in India to ensure safety and availability.
Blood jsowhswbwksgskshsbsosgdisvdishskdhsisbsishsisbsishs
This document contains information about blood and blood cells:
- The human circulatory system contains over 160,000 km of blood vessels. Red blood cells come in 4 main types (A, B, AB, O) and can be positive or negative.
- In an average lifetime, the human heart pumps enough blood to fill 200 train tank cars. Blood can be separated into components like red blood cells, plasma, platelets.
- Red blood cells have an average lifespan of 120 days before being destroyed and recycled by the body. The spleen and liver help break down old red blood cells.
5th year (Blood bank and blood transfusion).pptx
The document discusses the history and science of blood banking and transfusion. It covers early attempts at blood transfusions dating back to ancient times. Major milestones include the discovery of the ABO blood group system in 1900 and the Rh system in 1940. The document also examines blood group inheritance and genetics. It provides details on the ABO and Rh blood group systems, including antigens, antibodies, donation compatibility, and inheritance patterns.
Blood Donaion 7ps
Blood donation refers to the voluntary process of collecting blood and blood components from donors to help people who need transfusions. The purpose is to ensure an adequate blood supply for accident victims, surgery patients, and those with diseases. Blood donation has a long history dating back to ancient times, but modern blood banking began in the 1930s with the establishment of blood banks. Today there are over 2535 licensed blood banks in India that help collect and distribute over 26 million units of blood annually to those in need.
Ncert class 10 - science - chapter 6 -l ife processes
The document discusses various life processes related to transportation and excretion in humans. It provides details about:
1) The blood - its components and functions in transporting oxygen, nutrients, waste etc. throughout the body.
2) Structure and working of the heart - including the double circulation and role of pacemaker cells.
3) Types of blood vessels and differences between arteries, veins and capillaries.
4) Process of excretion in humans involving the kidneys, nephrons, ureters, bladder and urethra; and kidney functions like osmoregulation. Dialysis is mentioned as a treatment for kidney failure.
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Travis Hills of MN is Making Clean Water Accessible to All Through High Flux ...
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We will metaverse into the essence of immersive learning, into its three dimensions and conceptual models. This approach encompasses elements from teaching methodologies to social involvement, through organizational concerns and technologies. Challenging the perception of learning as knowledge transfer, we introduce a 'Uses, Practices & Strategies' model operationalized by the 'Immersive Learning Brain' and ‘Immersion Cube’ frameworks. This approach offers a comprehensive guide through the intricacies of immersive educational experiences and spotlighting research frontiers, along the immersion dimensions of system, narrative, and agency. Our discourse extends to stakeholders beyond the academic sphere, addressing the interests of technologists, instructional designers, and policymakers. We span various contexts, from formal education to organizational transformation to the new horizon of an AI-pervasive society. This keynote aims to unite the iLRN community in a collaborative journey towards a future where immersive learning research and practice coalesce, paving the way for innovative educational research and practice landscapes.
Direct Seeded Rice - Climate Smart Agriculture
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Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
Thematic analysis in qualitative research is a time-consuming and systematic task, typically done using teams. Team members must ground their activities on common understandings of the major concepts underlying the thematic analysis, and define criteria for its development. However, conceptual misunderstandings, equivocations, and lack of adherence to criteria are challenges to the quality and speed of this process. Given the distributed and uncertain nature of this process, we wondered if the tasks in thematic analysis could be supported by readily available artificial intelligence chatbots. Our early efforts point to potential benefits: not just saving time in the coding process but better adherence to criteria and grounding, by increasing triangulation between humans and artificial intelligence. This tutorial will provide a description and demonstration of the process we followed, as two academic researchers, to develop a custom ChatGPT to assist with qualitative coding in the thematic data analysis process of immersive learning accounts in a survey of the academic literature: QUAL-E Immersive Learning Thematic Analysis Helper. In the hands-on time, participants will try out QUAL-E and develop their ideas for their own qualitative coding ChatGPT. Participants that have the paid ChatGPT Plus subscription can create a draft of their assistants. The organizers will provide course materials and slide deck that participants will be able to utilize to continue development of their custom GPT. The paid subscription to ChatGPT Plus is not required to participate in this workshop, just for trying out personal GPTs during it.
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在线办理(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证毕业完成信一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
waterlessdyeingtechnolgyusing carbon dioxide chemicalspdf
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The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
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collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
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EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
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the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars.
The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun.
Methods. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically,
the Chandra survey of Westerlund 1 consists of 36 new ACIS-I observations, nearly co-pointed, for a total exposure time of 1 Msec.
Additionally, we included 8 archival Chandra/ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within
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were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software.
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photon flux threshold of approximately 2 × 10−8 photons cm−2
s
−1
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本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
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Atificial blood
- 1. Artificial Blood Blood Substitutes Blood Surrogate
- 2. Blood • Blood is the life. • Blood is circulated in the body through blood vessels. • Arterial blood carries Oxygen. • Venous blood carries Carbon dioxide
- 4. Blood Has Many Functions • Transportation. • Regulation of body temperature and pH. • Protection against blood loss through clottings
- 5. What Is Artificial Blood ? • Artificial blood or blood surrogate is a substance used to mimic and fulfil some functions of biological blood, usually in the oxygen carrying sense. • Main aim to provide an alternative to blood transfusion.
- 6. • It does not contain plasma, RBCs, WBCs. • Used to mirror function of biological blood. • It is designed for the sole purpose of transporting oxygen and carbon dioxide throughout the body.
- 7. Why Artificial Blood ? • Increasing demand. • Decreasing supply. • Safety:- Infectious diseases transmission. • Cost.
- 8. History • In 1616, when William Harvey first described the circulation of blood.
- 9. • In 1665, the first recorded successful blood transfusion on dog by Richard Lower.
- 10. • Many materials used for transfusion that include beer, urin, milk, plan resins & sheep blood. • In 1909, Karl Landsteiner classified human blood into 4 types A, B, O, AB.
- 11. • In 1966, perflurocarbons this type of blood substitute suggested. • In 1968, the rats blood replaced with a PFCs emulsion & lived for a few hours & recovered fully after blood replaced. • After that it is approved that transfusion of artificial blood can be possible.
- 12. Types Of Blood Substitutes (1) Perflurocarbons (PFCs):- × Used chemical compounds which carry & release oxygen. (2) Haemoglobin Based Oxygen Carrier:- × Derived from humans, animals, artificial via recombinant technology.
- 13. How It Works ? • Artificial Blood From Stem Cells:-
- 14. Donated Blood vs Artificial Blood • Artificial Blood • Long shelf time. • No risk of transmitting infectious diseases. • Universally compatible. • Donated Blood • Short shelf life. • Risk of transmitting infectious diseases. • Need for cross matching.
- 15. Advantages Of Artificial Blood • Does not need to be refrigerated. • No need for blood matching. • No risk of infection. • Can be kept at RT.
- 16. Disadvantages Of Artificial Blood • Expensive / costly. • Does not mix well with blood. • Can cause unpleasant side effects. • Does not carry as much oxygen.
- 17. From: Ms. Shweta Vijay Madame College of Computer Science And Information Technology, Latur, Maharashtra.