Astigmatism occurs when the cornea is oval rather than spherical, causing blurred vision. It is usually hereditary but can also result from eye injury. Symptoms include blurred near and distant vision. Astigmatism can be detected through an eye exam and is treated with eyeglasses, contact lenses, or refractive surgery to reshape the cornea into a spherical form. The goal of treatments is to correct the astigmatic cornea and improve vision.

1. ASTIGMATISMASTIGMATISM

2. AstigmatismAstigmatism

3. AstigmatismAstigmatism
 ASTIGMATISMASTIGMATISM MEANS THAT THEMEANS THAT THE
CORNEA IS OVAL, LIKE A FOOTBALLCORNEA IS OVAL, LIKE A FOOTBALL

4. AstigmatismAstigmatism
 A normal cornea has spherical shapeA normal cornea has spherical shape
 Most astigmatic corneas have two curvesMost astigmatic corneas have two curves
 Astigmatism often occurs along withAstigmatism often occurs along with
nearsightedness or farsightednessnearsightedness or farsightedness

5. AstigmatismAstigmatism
 Signs, Symptoms, and CausesSigns, Symptoms, and Causes
Blurred vision near and distanceBlurred vision near and distance
Astigmatism is usually hereditaryAstigmatism is usually hereditary
Many people born with an oblongMany people born with an oblong corneacornea
Astigmatism may also result from an eyeAstigmatism may also result from an eye
injuryinjury

6. AstigmatismAstigmatism

7. AstigmatismAstigmatism
 Detection and DiagnosisDetection and Diagnosis
 Astigmatism can be corrected withAstigmatism can be corrected with
a.a. EyeglassesEyeglasses
b. Contactsb. Contacts
C. SurgicallyC. Surgically

8. AstigmatismAstigmatism

9. AstigmatismAstigmatism

10. AstigmatismAstigmatism

11. Astigmatism testAstigmatism test

12. Astigmatism TestAstigmatism Test
 If you do not see all the lined squares, inIf you do not see all the lined squares, in
the same black color, if you do see one orthe same black color, if you do see one or
more squares grey, you then have anmore squares grey, you then have an
astigmatism.astigmatism.
 ASK FOR A SPECIALIST ADVICE!!!ASK FOR A SPECIALIST ADVICE!!!

13. Astigmatism TestAstigmatism Test
Close one eye and then the otherClose one eye and then the other
oneone

14. AstigmatismAstigmatism
TreatmentTreatment
 Most common surgeries used to correctMost common surgeries used to correct
astigmatism are:astigmatism are:
 Astigmatic KeratotomyAstigmatic Keratotomy
 LAZIKLAZIK
 The objective of these procedures is toThe objective of these procedures is to
reshape the cornea from oval to sphericalreshape the cornea from oval to spherical
or uniformly curvedor uniformly curved

15. Eyelid held open & alignedEyelid held open & aligned

16. flap cut back exposing inner layersflap cut back exposing inner layers

17. Suction plateSuction plate

18. Cornea flattened, inner eyelid ofCornea flattened, inner eyelid of
cornea eposedcornea eposed

19. flap folded backflap folded back

20. Tracking ringTracking ring

21. Flap returnedFlap returned

22. Closing the flapClosing the flap

23. AstigmatismAstigmatism
Conclusion:Conclusion:
Depending on the type and severity ofDepending on the type and severity of
astigmatism it can be treated andastigmatism it can be treated and
corrected by eyeglasses, contacts, andcorrected by eyeglasses, contacts, and
surgery.surgery.
In all three procedures the oblong corneaIn all three procedures the oblong cornea
is corrected to its spherical form cornea.is corrected to its spherical form cornea.

24. Astigmatism ResourcesAstigmatism Resources
 http:images.google.comhttp:images.google.com
 http://www.moorfields.ae/dubai/astigmatism/