1. The document provides information on evaluating and managing asthma and COPD. It compares the pathophysiology and characteristics of the two conditions.
2. Key differences include that COPD typically affects larger airways through destruction and fibrosis, while asthma affects smaller airways through bronchial hyperresponsiveness and mucus plugs. COPD is usually caused by smoking and leads to irreversible airway obstruction.
3. Management of both involves reliever medications for acute symptoms and controller medications like inhaled corticosteroids and bronchodilators. Lifestyle changes such as smoking cessation and pulmonary rehabilitation are also important aspects of COPD management.
Asthma is an inflammatory disorder of the small airways characterized by periodic attacks of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, coughing and improvement with bronchodilators. It is triggered by environmental stimuli like allergens and respiratory infections. Diagnosis involves lung function tests showing reversible airway obstruction and improvement after bronchodilator use. Treatment includes inhaled corticosteroids, long-acting bronchodilators, immunotherapy, and oral corticosteroids for severe cases. Refractory asthma affects 5-8% of asthmatics and is diagnosed based on medication requirements and symptom control.
This document discusses chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It defines COPD as a progressive lung disease characterized by airflow limitation that is not fully reversible. The main phenotypes of COPD are chronic bronchitis and emphysema. The document discusses the pathogenesis and risk factors of COPD, as well as the clinical presentation and complications. It provides details on diagnosing COPD through pulmonary function tests, blood tests, imaging and other evaluations. Treatment options are outlined for acute exacerbations and management of stable COPD based on disease severity. Management includes bronchodilators, corticosteroids, pulmonary rehabilitation, oxygen therapy and occasionally surgery.
Asthma is an inflammatory disorder of the small airways characterized by periodic attacks of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, coughing and improvement with bronchodilators. It is triggered by environmental stimuli like allergens and respiratory infections. Diagnosis involves lung function tests showing reversible airway obstruction and improvement after bronchodilator use. Treatment includes inhaled corticosteroids, long-acting bronchodilators, immunotherapy, and oral corticosteroids for severe cases. Refractory asthma affects 5-8% of asthmatics and is diagnosed based on medication requirements and symptom control.
This document discusses chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It defines COPD as a progressive lung disease characterized by airflow limitation that is not fully reversible. The main phenotypes of COPD are chronic bronchitis and emphysema. The document discusses the pathogenesis and risk factors of COPD, as well as the clinical presentation and complications. It provides details on diagnosing COPD through pulmonary function tests, blood tests, imaging and other evaluations. Treatment options are outlined for acute exacerbations and management of stable COPD based on disease severity. Management includes bronchodilators, corticosteroids, pulmonary rehabilitation, oxygen therapy and occasionally surgery.
Bronchial asthma and COPD are chronic respiratory conditions characterized by airway inflammation and obstruction. Bronchial asthma involves reversible airflow limitation due to bronchospasm while COPD involves irreversible airflow limitation from lung damage. Key differences are that asthma typically presents earlier in life and has a family history, while COPD is mainly caused by smoking. Preoperative treatment aims to prevent bronchospasm during anesthesia and surgery by optimizing lung function and suppressing airway reflexes.
This document provides information about asthma, including:
- Asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disorder characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation.
- It has both predisposing factors like atopy and causal factors such as indoor/outdoor allergens and irritants.
- Asthma severity is classified based on symptoms, nighttime symptoms, lung function tests and medication use. Treatment involves reliever and preventer medications, and patient education.
The document summarizes chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It covers the general considerations, epidemiology, risk factors, pathogenesis, clinical findings, differential diagnosis, diagnostic testing including spirometry and imaging, and treatment including smoking cessation, oxygen therapy, bronchodilators, corticosteroids, and antibiotics. COPD is characterized by airflow obstruction due to chronic bronchitis or emphysema and is generally progressive. Cigarette smoking is the most important risk factor.
This document provides an overview of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), including emphysema and chronic bronchitis. It discusses the etiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic tests, treatment, and nursing care for clients with these conditions. It also covers asthma, describing the triggers, pathophysiology of acute and chronic responses, classifications based on severity, diagnostic tests, medications and treatments, and nursing diagnoses.
Bronchial asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by recurrent episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness, and cough, particularly at night or early morning. It is caused by a combination of airway inflammation, constriction of the bronchial muscles, and excess mucus production, leading to bronchial obstruction. Asthma is classified as extrinsic (allergic) or intrinsic (non-allergic) and can be triggered by allergens, viruses, drugs, exercise, food, pollutants, and other factors. Diagnosis involves pulmonary function tests showing reduced airflow and bronchodilator responsiveness. Treatment depends on symptom frequency and severity but generally involves bronchodilators
This document provides an overview of COPD, including its pathophysiology, types, diagnosis, and treatment. It defines COPD as chronic airflow obstruction characterized by emphysema and chronic bronchitis. The main types of emphysema discussed are centrilobular, panlobular, and paraseptal. Diagnosis involves assessing symptoms, examining the chest, and spirometry. Severity is classified based on FEV1 levels. Treatment focuses on smoking cessation, pharmacotherapy including bronchodilators and inhaled corticosteroids, pulmonary rehabilitation, oxygen therapy, and vaccines.
Bronchial asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness and reversible airflow obstruction. The cardinal symptoms are cough, dyspnea, and wheezing. Triggers include pollens, pets, pollution, pharmacological agents, and repeated respiratory tract infections. Treatment includes bronchodilators like beta-2 agonists for quick symptom relief and corticosteroids as long-term controllers to reduce inflammation and prevent exacerbations. Other treatments target specific mediators like leukotriene antagonists or mast cell stabilizers. Severe refractory asthma may be treated with monoclonal antibody therapy against IgE.
A 62-year-old woman with a 40 pack-year smoking history presented with chronic cough for 3 months, producing clear to light yellow sputum. On examination, she had rhonchi breath sounds and 1+ ankle edema. Tests showed an FEV1/FVC ratio of 0.60 and FEV1 of 55%, consistent with a diagnosis of moderate COPD.
A 54-year-old man with an 80+ pack-year smoking history presented with dyspnea on exertion and occasional non-productive cough. Examination found diminished breath sounds and prolonged expiratory phase. Tests showed an FEV1/FVC ratio of 0.55 and FEV1 of 40%, consistent with severe
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by aminu arzetAminuArzet
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a lung disease characterized by persistent airflow limitation and reduced FEV1/FVC ratio due to chronic inflammation. Cigarette smoking is the major risk factor. COPD affects over 330 million people globally and is the 3rd leading cause of death. Diagnosis is based on symptoms and confirmed by spirometry showing post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC <70%. Management involves bronchodilators, glucocorticoids, pulmonary rehabilitation, and treatment of comorbidities. Prognosis is generally poor but early detection and treatment can help manage the disease.
This document defines bronchial asthma and discusses its epidemiology, etiology, pathology, clinical features, diagnosis, classification of severity, and treatment. Some key points:
- Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness leading to reversible airflow obstruction. It affects 300 million people globally.
- Both genetic and environmental factors contribute to asthma development, including atopy, air pollution, allergens, and occupational sensitizers.
- Pathologically, it involves eosinophilic inflammation and thickening of the airway walls. Clinically, it presents with wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath.
- Diagnosis involves lung function tests showing reversibility and
This document discusses bronchial asthma. It begins by stating that asthma is a global health problem affecting people of all ages worldwide, with over 300 million current sufferers according to the WHO. It then discusses the prevalence of asthma in Bangladesh, defining asthma as a chronic inflammatory lung condition causing episodic airflow obstruction. The document outlines the classification, causes, triggers, pathogenesis, diagnosis and management of asthma through step-wise treatment. It emphasizes the importance of patient education to help avoid exacerbations and hospital admissions.
Clinical application of pulmonary function tests.pptm1Gamal Agmy
1. This document discusses pulmonary function tests (PFTs), including how they are used to evaluate lung anatomy and function.
2. PFTs measure parameters such as forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), and their ratio (FEV1/FVC). The patterns in these values can indicate restrictive lung disease, obstructive lung disease, or a mixed process.
3. Other PFTs evaluate lung volumes, gas exchange, and diffusion capacity. Quality criteria must be met for test validity. Graphs of expiratory flow-volume loops can also provide diagnostic clues.
Presentation on Treatment of Bronchial Asthma | Jindal Chest ClinicJindal Chest Clinic
Bronchial asthma is a lung disease characterized by inflammation, narrowing, swelling of airways, and increased mucus production, making it difficult to breathe. This Presentation gives an overview on "Treatment of Bronchial Asthma" including management, diagnosis, symptoms, Complications, etc. For more information, please contact us: 9779030507.
This document summarizes information about asthma, including its pathophysiology, triggers, diagnosis, and treatment approaches. It describes asthma as an inflammatory airway condition caused by various stimuli in genetically susceptible individuals. Key features include mucosal edema, mucus secretion, epithelial damage, and bronchoconstriction. Treatment aims to provide symptomatic relief and modify the disease through reducing inflammation and lung damage. A variety of drug classes are discussed for treating asthma, including beta-agonists, anticholinergics, corticosteroids, leukotriene receptor antagonists, and theophylline. Guidelines for managing acute exacerbations are also presented.
This document provides an overview of content to be covered in a 1.5 hour session on respiratory medicine. It includes objectives to familiarize learners with potential OSCE scenarios and key respiratory conditions, signs, symptoms, investigations, and management. It also provides sample OSCE scenarios and outlines content on topics like asthma, COPD, pneumonia, and tuberculosis that will be discussed, followed by some sample SBA questions for practice.
The document summarizes various respiratory drugs used to treat bronchial asthma. It discusses the pathophysiology of asthma and mechanisms of action of different classes of drugs including bronchodilators like beta-2 agonists, methylxanthines, antimuscarinics; and anti-inflammatory agents like corticosteroids, cromolyn sodium, nedocromil, leukotriene synthesis inhibitors, and leukotriene receptor antagonists. It provides details on specific drugs, their pharmacokinetics, interactions, and side effects within each class.
The document discusses respiratory drugs used to treat bronchial asthma. It describes the pathogenesis of asthma and mechanisms of different drug classes including bronchodilators, anti-inflammatory agents, and other drugs. Bronchodilators like beta-2 agonists, methylxanthines, and antimuscarinics work to relax airway smooth muscle. Corticosteroids and other anti-inflammatory drugs reduce airway inflammation. Newer targeted therapies also show promise in treating asthma.
This document provides an overview of recent advances in asthma treatment. It discusses novel bronchodilators such as magnesium sulfate and potassium channel openers. Immunomodulatory therapies including anti-IgE therapy and specific immunotherapy are also covered. Newer anti-inflammatory drugs that target NF-kB and MAP kinase pathways are mentioned. The document concludes by briefly discussing miscellaneous approaches like cytokine modifiers, chemokine receptor antagonists, CRTH2 antagonists, and antioxidants.
แนวทางการจัดการความเสี่ยงที่ส่งผลต่อต้นทุนการจัดการสินค้าคงคลัง
ของร้านขายยา CDE ในจังหวัดขอนแก่น
The Approach of Risk Management that Affecting the
Inventory Management Cost of CDE Drugstore in Khonkaen Province
Best Practice in Communication
ราชวิทยาลัยกุมารแพทย์แห่งประเทศไทย สมาคมกุมารแพทย์แห่งประเทศไทย
บรรณาธิการ วินัดดา ปิยะศิลป์ วันดี นิงสานนท์
ISBN 978-616-91972-1-8
Saccharomyces boulardii in the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhoeaUtai Sukviwatsirikul
This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the effectiveness of Saccharomyces boulardii in preventing antibiotic-associated diarrhea in children and adults based on 21 randomized controlled trials involving 4780 participants. The administration of S. boulardii compared to placebo or no treatment reduced the risk of antibiotic-associated diarrhea from 18.7% to 8.5%. S. boulardii was effective in reducing the risk of antibiotic-associated diarrhea in both children and adults. It also reduced the risk of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea in children but not adults. Overall, the results confirm that S. boulardii is effective for preventing antibiotic-associated diarrhea in children and adults.
This document provides information on drugs used to treat acute diarrhea. It begins with definitions of diarrhea from WHO. It then discusses estimates of child mortality due to diarrhea in Thailand from 2010 to 2012. It presents data on the age distribution of diarrhea cases and hospital admissions. It lists common bacterial, viral, and parasitic pathogens that cause childhood diarrhea. It discusses the pathogenesis of acute diarrhea and describes fluid and electrolyte losses and consequences of dehydration and nutritional deficits. It provides details on fluid and electrolyte composition of diarrheal stool from different pathogens. It outlines the objectives of diarrhea treatment and causes of death. It then discusses use of oral rehydration therapy and solutions. It recommends probiotics, continued feeding, and zinc supplementation. It
Systematic review with meta-analysis: Saccharomyces boulardii in the preventi...Utai Sukviwatsirikul
This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the effectiveness of Saccharomyces boulardii in preventing antibiotic-associated diarrhea in children and adults based on 21 randomized controlled trials involving 4780 participants. The administration of S. boulardii compared to placebo or no treatment reduced the risk of antibiotic-associated diarrhea from 18.7% to 8.5%. S. boulardii was effective in reducing the risk of antibiotic-associated diarrhea in both children and adults. It also reduced the risk of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea in children. The quality of evidence was rated as moderate to low based on limitations in the design and reporting of the included studies. This meta-analysis confirms the effectiveness of
Saccharomyces boulardii in the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea ...Utai Sukviwatsirikul
Saccharomyces boulardii in the prevention of antibiotic-associated
diarrhoea in children: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled
trial
M. KOTOWSKA, P. ALBRECHT & H. SZAJEWSKA
Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, The Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
Accepted for publication 24 November 2004
Rasamanikya is a excellent preparation in the field of Rasashastra, it is used in various Kushtha Roga, Shwasa, Vicharchika, Bhagandara, Vatarakta, and Phiranga Roga. In this article Preparation& Comparative analytical profile for both Formulationon i.e Rasamanikya prepared by Kushmanda swarasa & Churnodhaka Shodita Haratala. The study aims to provide insights into the comparative efficacy and analytical aspects of these formulations for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Does Over-Masturbation Contribute to Chronic Prostatitis.pptxwalterHu5
In some case, your chronic prostatitis may be related to over-masturbation. Generally, natural medicine Diuretic and Anti-inflammatory Pill can help mee get a cure.
Hiranandani Hospital in Powai, Mumbai, is a premier healthcare institution that has been serving the community with exceptional medical care since its establishment. As a part of the renowned Hiranandani Group, the hospital is committed to delivering world-class healthcare services across a wide range of specialties, including kidney transplantation. With its state-of-the-art facilities, advanced medical technology, and a team of highly skilled healthcare professionals, Hiranandani Hospital has earned a reputation as a trusted name in the healthcare industry. The hospital's patient-centric approach, coupled with its focus on innovation and excellence, ensures that patients receive the highest standard of care in a compassionate and supportive environment.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Adhd Medication Shortage Uk - trinexpharmacy.comreignlana06
The UK is currently facing a Adhd Medication Shortage Uk, which has left many patients and their families grappling with uncertainty and frustration. ADHD, or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, is a chronic condition that requires consistent medication to manage effectively. This shortage has highlighted the critical role these medications play in the daily lives of those affected by ADHD. Contact : +1 (747) 209 – 3649 E-mail : sales@trinexpharmacy.com
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptxTina Purnat
• Pitfalls and pivots needed to use AI effectively in public health
• Evidence-based strategies to address health misinformation effectively
• Building trust with communities online and offline
• Equipping health professionals to address questions, concerns and health misinformation
• Assessing risk and mitigating harm from adverse health narratives in communities, health workforce and health system
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...Oleg Kshivets
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
One health condition that is becoming more common day by day is diabetes.
According to research conducted by the National Family Health Survey of India, diabetic cases show a projection which might increase to 10.4% by 2030.
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