About Cache Memory
working of cache memory
levels of cache memory
mapping techniques for cache memory
1. direct mapping techniques
2. Fully associative mapping techniques
3. set associative mapping techniques
Cache memroy organization
cache coherency
every thing in detail
Explain cache memory with a diagram, demonstrate hit ratio and miss penalty with an example. Discussed different types of cache mapping: direct mapping, fully-associative mapping and set-associative mapping. Discussed temporal and spatial locality of references in cache memory. Explained cache write policies: write through and write back. Shown the differences between unified cache and split cache.
In these slides the registration organization and stack organization have discussed in detail. Stack organization is discussed with the aid of animation to let the user understand it in a better and easy way.
About Cache Memory
working of cache memory
levels of cache memory
mapping techniques for cache memory
1. direct mapping techniques
2. Fully associative mapping techniques
3. set associative mapping techniques
Cache memroy organization
cache coherency
every thing in detail
Explain cache memory with a diagram, demonstrate hit ratio and miss penalty with an example. Discussed different types of cache mapping: direct mapping, fully-associative mapping and set-associative mapping. Discussed temporal and spatial locality of references in cache memory. Explained cache write policies: write through and write back. Shown the differences between unified cache and split cache.
In these slides the registration organization and stack organization have discussed in detail. Stack organization is discussed with the aid of animation to let the user understand it in a better and easy way.
This presentation by Andrii Radchenko (Senior Software Engineer, Consultant, GlobalLogic) was delivered at GlobalLogic Kharkiv C++ Workshop #2 on February 8, 2020.
Talk topics:
● Memory management in C++
● Virtual memory
● Implementation details for virtual allocation in Windows and Linux
● Pointers types for virtual memory
● The purpose of collections allocators
● Allocators and memory resources types in modern C++ standard
● Implementation of own memory resource and its benefits
Event materials: https://www.globallogic.com/ua/about/events/kharkiv-cpp-workshop-2/
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)ClaraZara1
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of on Machine Learning & Applications.
Online aptitude test management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
The purpose of on-line aptitude test system is to take online test in an efficient manner and no time wasting for checking the paper. The main objective of on-line aptitude test system is to efficiently evaluate the candidate thoroughly through a fully automated system that not only saves lot of time but also gives fast results. For students they give papers according to their convenience and time and there is no need of using extra thing like paper, pen etc. This can be used in educational institutions as well as in corporate world. Can be used anywhere any time as it is a web based application (user Location doesn’t matter). No restriction that examiner has to be present when the candidate takes the test.
Every time when lecturers/professors need to conduct examinations they have to sit down think about the questions and then create a whole new set of questions for each and every exam. In some cases the professor may want to give an open book online exam that is the student can take the exam any time anywhere, but the student might have to answer the questions in a limited time period. The professor may want to change the sequence of questions for every student. The problem that a student has is whenever a date for the exam is declared the student has to take it and there is no way he can take it at some other time. This project will create an interface for the examiner to create and store questions in a repository. It will also create an interface for the student to take examinations at his convenience and the questions and/or exams may be timed. Thereby creating an application which can be used by examiners and examinee’s simultaneously.
Examination System is very useful for Teachers/Professors. As in the teaching profession, you are responsible for writing question papers. In the conventional method, you write the question paper on paper, keep question papers separate from answers and all this information you have to keep in a locker to avoid unauthorized access. Using the Examination System you can create a question paper and everything will be written to a single exam file in encrypted format. You can set the General and Administrator password to avoid unauthorized access to your question paper. Every time you start the examination, the program shuffles all the questions and selects them randomly from the database, which reduces the chances of memorizing the questions.
HEAP SORT ILLUSTRATED WITH HEAPIFY, BUILD HEAP FOR DYNAMIC ARRAYS.
Heap sort is a comparison-based sorting technique based on Binary Heap data structure. It is similar to the selection sort where we first find the minimum element and place the minimum element at the beginning. Repeat the same process for the remaining elements.
Low power architecture of logic gates using adiabatic techniquesnooriasukmaningtyas
The growing significance of portable systems to limit power consumption in ultra-large-scale-integration chips of very high density, has recently led to rapid and inventive progresses in low-power design. The most effective technique is adiabatic logic circuit design in energy-efficient hardware. This paper presents two adiabatic approaches for the design of low power circuits, modified positive feedback adiabatic logic (modified PFAL) and the other is direct current diode based positive feedback adiabatic logic (DC-DB PFAL). Logic gates are the preliminary components in any digital circuit design. By improving the performance of basic gates, one can improvise the whole system performance. In this paper proposed circuit design of the low power architecture of OR/NOR, AND/NAND, and XOR/XNOR gates are presented using the said approaches and their results are analyzed for powerdissipation, delay, power-delay-product and rise time and compared with the other adiabatic techniques along with the conventional complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) designs reported in the literature. It has been found that the designs with DC-DB PFAL technique outperform with the percentage improvement of 65% for NOR gate and 7% for NAND gate and 34% for XNOR gate over the modified PFAL techniques at 10 MHz respectively.
Associative memory and set associative memory mapping
1. Associative Memory and set-
associative memory mapping
Ms. Snehalata Agasti
CSE department
2. Fully-Associative Mapping
In direct mapping, though cache memory block is vacant still conflict misses
occurs.
To overcome this problem Tag bit and cache-offset field is combined.
So main memory block can be stored anywhere.
Physical address is divided into two parts.
Word-offset
Tag
Tag Word-offset
3. Problem using filly-associative mapping
Cache memory size= 64KB
Block size= 32B
Number of bits given for main memory addressing= 32
Find number of bits required for tag and word-offset?
Solution: -
Block size=32B
Block offset= log225=5
Tag= 32-5=27
Tag = 27 Word-offset = 5
32
4. Set-associative Mapping
Draw back in direct mapping:-
Compulsory miss occurs.
conflict miss occurs.
Cache memory could not be used effectively.
Draw back in fully-associative mapping:-
Compulsory miss occurs.
Capacity miss occurs.
To over come the loopholes present in both mapping Set-associative mapping
technique is used.
5. Contd…
Cache lines are grouped into sets.
Particular block of main memory is mapped to particular set of cache lines.
Within the set, block can be mapped to the free cache lines.
To find the set number :-
set number= main memory block number % Number of sets in cache.
Physical address is divided into three parts.
Block-offset
Set-offset
Tag
Tag Set-offset Block-offset
6. Problem using set-associative mapping
Cache memory size=64KB
Main memory size=4GB
Block size=32B , 4-way associative
Find tag, set-offset and word-offset?
Solution:- Number of blocks in cache = size of cache memory / Block size
=64KB / 32B = 2KB =21 x 210 =211
Number of sets in cache = no of blocks in cache / associativity
= 2KB/4 = 211 / 24 = 29
Set offset = log229 =9
7. Contd…
Block size =32B
Number of bits required for word offset= log225=5
Size of main memory =4GB= 22 x 230 = 232
Number of bits required for memory addressing
= log2232 =32
Tag = 32-(set-offset + word-offset)
= 32 – (9+5) =18
Tag=18 Set-offset=9 Block-offset=5
8. Tag-directory size computation
Tag-directory size = Tag x number of blocks
=18 x 211
= 36 x 210
= 36B
Tag-directory size= (tag + number of extra bits given) x (number of blocks)
[if in question it is given that number of dirty_bits=1 and number of modified
bit =2]
Tag-directory size = (18 + 1+ 2) x 211
= 21 x211
= 42 x 2 10
= 42KB