This document summarizes a narrative review of 34 studies that examined the association between screen time and obesity in children and adolescents. The studies involved over 164,000 individuals between ages 5-19. Most studies found that increased screen time was significantly associated with higher rates of overweight and obesity. Screen time was also often associated with unhealthy eating habits and reduced physical activity. The studies suggest that screen time above 1-4 hours per day can negatively impact body composition in children and adolescents. Maintaining screen time within recommended limits may help prevent obesity.
ABSTRACT- The rising incidence of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents has become a cause of concern for India. Overweight/Obesity is an independent risk factor of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) but it needs to be addressed seriously. Research has shown that modifiable and environmental factors along with genetics triggers the risk of cardiovascular diseases quite early in childhood threatening the health prospects of adults. It is crucial to address the causes of overweight/obesity like physical inactivity, unhealthy eating, lack of knowledge and awareness and impact of media and advertising. Clustering of cardiovascular risk factors like high blood pressure, hyperglycemia, abdominal obesity, high triglycerides in children and adolescents is an alarming sign. In order to dodge this serious public health crisis in near future we need to curb the prevailing risk factors of overweight/obesity. A holistic approach to tackle the obesity epidemic with an array of activities from policy making to program implementation, community education to individual knowledge and skill development is required. We need to promote healthy eating and lifestyle modifications in childhood and adolescents to prevent CVD risk in adulthood. Key-words- Adolescents, Obesity, Overweight, Cardiovascular Diseases
Aene project a medium city public students obesity studyCIRINEU COSTA
Identifying undernutrition and obesity on students and propose public policies of health are urgent issues. This paper presents a study with weight and stature from students collected by physical education teachers (PEF) in schools of a city near São Paulo. The PEF collected the data and they were inserted in a program especially developed for each school Department (AENE Project). The datas were analyzed by software and evaluation done based on a World Health Organization (WHO_2007) table, that develops health programs worldwide. The results evaluations were used to raise the students and family, teachers and responsibles for treatment search (when required).
2
WEEK 2-ASSIGNMENT
Research Article Summaries
Magdalyn38
RES 5240 Applied Research Methods
Feb.28, 2020
What is the Intricate Relationship between Television Watching and Childhood Obesity?
1. Caroli, M., Argentieri, L., Cardone, M., & Masi, A. (2004). Role of television in childhood obesity prevention. International Journal of Obesity, 28(3), S104-S108.
The study seeks to come up with an explanation of the relationship between childhood obesity and TV watching. Food and obesity have many documented consequences and when coupled up with a sedentary lifestyle, the combined effects are quite negative. Specific aspects of TV watching, in this case, are documented and they are linked to the prevalence of childhood obesity in different countries in Europe. The intricate relationship between childhood obesity could also be attributed to the role of the different European government regulations which in all its differences has led to a significant difference in the prevalence of childhood obesity as per the authors of the article.
The research sought to review the role of television in specific activities. Amongst them, one of the effects of TV is the fact that it replaces vigorous activities. As such, there is a positive correlation between the time in which one spends on TV watching and being overweight. This is regardless of the ages of the people. The TV watching activity, as presented in the article, is also linked to obesity prevalence among the different ages of children. Generally, the more the number of hours that one spends watching TV, the higher the chance they are going to be obese.
Through the analysis of literature in the area, it is almost blatant that people that spent more than 4 hours on the TV seemed to have increased in the last 30 years. The analysis of literature was thematic in nature and this was geared towards finding information that was almost prevalent across the different secondary sources. The analysts targeted specific television food commercials targeting children, the use of food in movies and even other kid shows. Besides that, the obese subjects presented in kids’ content were reviewed with the aim of finding out ridiculous traits, and the results that worsen situations. The situation gets worse through the perceived isolation of these subjects. The method of enquiry in the article was evidently a literature study. The data obtained were mainly secondary data and this was through a thematic search of the secondary literature done in the area.
2. Zhang, G., Wu, L., Zhou, L., Lu, W., & Mao, C. (2016). Television watching and risk of childhood obesity: a meta-analysis. The European Journal of Public Health, 26(1), 13-18.
This article is important and a viable contribution to the topic since it attempts to bring to light the relationship between the times spent watching TV and the risk of obesity among children. The article puts forward the argument that over the past few years, childhood obesity r.
2
WEEK 2-ASSIGNMENT
Research Article Summaries
Magdalyn38
RES 5240 Applied Research Methods
Feb.28, 2020
What is the Intricate Relationship between Television Watching and Childhood Obesity?
1. Caroli, M., Argentieri, L., Cardone, M., & Masi, A. (2004). Role of television in childhood obesity prevention. International Journal of Obesity, 28(3), S104-S108.
The study seeks to come up with an explanation of the relationship between childhood obesity and TV watching. Food and obesity have many documented consequences and when coupled up with a sedentary lifestyle, the combined effects are quite negative. Specific aspects of TV watching, in this case, are documented and they are linked to the prevalence of childhood obesity in different countries in Europe. The intricate relationship between childhood obesity could also be attributed to the role of the different European government regulations which in all its differences has led to a significant difference in the prevalence of childhood obesity as per the authors of the article.
The research sought to review the role of television in specific activities. Amongst them, one of the effects of TV is the fact that it replaces vigorous activities. As such, there is a positive correlation between the time in which one spends on TV watching and being overweight. This is regardless of the ages of the people. The TV watching activity, as presented in the article, is also linked to obesity prevalence among the different ages of children. Generally, the more the number of hours that one spends watching TV, the higher the chance they are going to be obese.
Through the analysis of literature in the area, it is almost blatant that people that spent more than 4 hours on the TV seemed to have increased in the last 30 years. The analysis of literature was thematic in nature and this was geared towards finding information that was almost prevalent across the different secondary sources. The analysts targeted specific television food commercials targeting children, the use of food in movies and even other kid shows. Besides that, the obese subjects presented in kids’ content were reviewed with the aim of finding out ridiculous traits, and the results that worsen situations. The situation gets worse through the perceived isolation of these subjects. The method of enquiry in the article was evidently a literature study. The data obtained were mainly secondary data and this was through a thematic search of the secondary literature done in the area.
2. Zhang, G., Wu, L., Zhou, L., Lu, W., & Mao, C. (2016). Television watching and risk of childhood obesity: a meta-analysis. The European Journal of Public Health, 26(1), 13-18.
This article is important and a viable contribution to the topic since it attempts to bring to light the relationship between the times spent watching TV and the risk of obesity among children. The article puts forward the argument that over the past few years, childhood obesity r ...
ABSTRACT- The rising incidence of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents has become a cause of concern for India. Overweight/Obesity is an independent risk factor of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) but it needs to be addressed seriously. Research has shown that modifiable and environmental factors along with genetics triggers the risk of cardiovascular diseases quite early in childhood threatening the health prospects of adults. It is crucial to address the causes of overweight/obesity like physical inactivity, unhealthy eating, lack of knowledge and awareness and impact of media and advertising. Clustering of cardiovascular risk factors like high blood pressure, hyperglycemia, abdominal obesity, high triglycerides in children and adolescents is an alarming sign. In order to dodge this serious public health crisis in near future we need to curb the prevailing risk factors of overweight/obesity. A holistic approach to tackle the obesity epidemic with an array of activities from policy making to program implementation, community education to individual knowledge and skill development is required. We need to promote healthy eating and lifestyle modifications in childhood and adolescents to prevent CVD risk in adulthood. Key-words- Adolescents, Obesity, Overweight, Cardiovascular Diseases
Aene project a medium city public students obesity studyCIRINEU COSTA
Identifying undernutrition and obesity on students and propose public policies of health are urgent issues. This paper presents a study with weight and stature from students collected by physical education teachers (PEF) in schools of a city near São Paulo. The PEF collected the data and they were inserted in a program especially developed for each school Department (AENE Project). The datas were analyzed by software and evaluation done based on a World Health Organization (WHO_2007) table, that develops health programs worldwide. The results evaluations were used to raise the students and family, teachers and responsibles for treatment search (when required).
2
WEEK 2-ASSIGNMENT
Research Article Summaries
Magdalyn38
RES 5240 Applied Research Methods
Feb.28, 2020
What is the Intricate Relationship between Television Watching and Childhood Obesity?
1. Caroli, M., Argentieri, L., Cardone, M., & Masi, A. (2004). Role of television in childhood obesity prevention. International Journal of Obesity, 28(3), S104-S108.
The study seeks to come up with an explanation of the relationship between childhood obesity and TV watching. Food and obesity have many documented consequences and when coupled up with a sedentary lifestyle, the combined effects are quite negative. Specific aspects of TV watching, in this case, are documented and they are linked to the prevalence of childhood obesity in different countries in Europe. The intricate relationship between childhood obesity could also be attributed to the role of the different European government regulations which in all its differences has led to a significant difference in the prevalence of childhood obesity as per the authors of the article.
The research sought to review the role of television in specific activities. Amongst them, one of the effects of TV is the fact that it replaces vigorous activities. As such, there is a positive correlation between the time in which one spends on TV watching and being overweight. This is regardless of the ages of the people. The TV watching activity, as presented in the article, is also linked to obesity prevalence among the different ages of children. Generally, the more the number of hours that one spends watching TV, the higher the chance they are going to be obese.
Through the analysis of literature in the area, it is almost blatant that people that spent more than 4 hours on the TV seemed to have increased in the last 30 years. The analysis of literature was thematic in nature and this was geared towards finding information that was almost prevalent across the different secondary sources. The analysts targeted specific television food commercials targeting children, the use of food in movies and even other kid shows. Besides that, the obese subjects presented in kids’ content were reviewed with the aim of finding out ridiculous traits, and the results that worsen situations. The situation gets worse through the perceived isolation of these subjects. The method of enquiry in the article was evidently a literature study. The data obtained were mainly secondary data and this was through a thematic search of the secondary literature done in the area.
2. Zhang, G., Wu, L., Zhou, L., Lu, W., & Mao, C. (2016). Television watching and risk of childhood obesity: a meta-analysis. The European Journal of Public Health, 26(1), 13-18.
This article is important and a viable contribution to the topic since it attempts to bring to light the relationship between the times spent watching TV and the risk of obesity among children. The article puts forward the argument that over the past few years, childhood obesity r.
2
WEEK 2-ASSIGNMENT
Research Article Summaries
Magdalyn38
RES 5240 Applied Research Methods
Feb.28, 2020
What is the Intricate Relationship between Television Watching and Childhood Obesity?
1. Caroli, M., Argentieri, L., Cardone, M., & Masi, A. (2004). Role of television in childhood obesity prevention. International Journal of Obesity, 28(3), S104-S108.
The study seeks to come up with an explanation of the relationship between childhood obesity and TV watching. Food and obesity have many documented consequences and when coupled up with a sedentary lifestyle, the combined effects are quite negative. Specific aspects of TV watching, in this case, are documented and they are linked to the prevalence of childhood obesity in different countries in Europe. The intricate relationship between childhood obesity could also be attributed to the role of the different European government regulations which in all its differences has led to a significant difference in the prevalence of childhood obesity as per the authors of the article.
The research sought to review the role of television in specific activities. Amongst them, one of the effects of TV is the fact that it replaces vigorous activities. As such, there is a positive correlation between the time in which one spends on TV watching and being overweight. This is regardless of the ages of the people. The TV watching activity, as presented in the article, is also linked to obesity prevalence among the different ages of children. Generally, the more the number of hours that one spends watching TV, the higher the chance they are going to be obese.
Through the analysis of literature in the area, it is almost blatant that people that spent more than 4 hours on the TV seemed to have increased in the last 30 years. The analysis of literature was thematic in nature and this was geared towards finding information that was almost prevalent across the different secondary sources. The analysts targeted specific television food commercials targeting children, the use of food in movies and even other kid shows. Besides that, the obese subjects presented in kids’ content were reviewed with the aim of finding out ridiculous traits, and the results that worsen situations. The situation gets worse through the perceived isolation of these subjects. The method of enquiry in the article was evidently a literature study. The data obtained were mainly secondary data and this was through a thematic search of the secondary literature done in the area.
2. Zhang, G., Wu, L., Zhou, L., Lu, W., & Mao, C. (2016). Television watching and risk of childhood obesity: a meta-analysis. The European Journal of Public Health, 26(1), 13-18.
This article is important and a viable contribution to the topic since it attempts to bring to light the relationship between the times spent watching TV and the risk of obesity among children. The article puts forward the argument that over the past few years, childhood obesity r ...
Factors Hindering Adolescents from Utilizing Reproductive Health Services in ...PUBLISHERJOURNAL
Factors Hindering Adolescents from Utilizing Reproductive Health Services in Kampala International University Teaching Hospital
Emannuel Gutaka 1, Martin Odoki 2, Francis Okedi 3 and *Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu4
1Kampala International University Teaching Hospital and Research (KIU-THR), P.O Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda.
2Department of Microbiology, Kampala International University Western Campus (KIU-WC), P.O Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda.
3Department of Surgery, Kampala International University Teaching Hospital and research (KIU-THR) , P.O Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda.
4Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Kampala International University, Uganda.
________________________________________
ABSTRACT
In Uganda, only 19% of adolescents utilize adolescents’ reproductive health services yet complications of pregnancy, abortions, and childbirth are the leading cause of disability and death among the same age group. The purpose of this study was to assess factors that were contributing to the low utilization of adolescents’ reproductive health services. A quantitative cross-sectional study employed simple random sampling among 85 adolescents that were attending Kampala international university outpatient clinic. Results found out that majority 46(53.4) of adolescents were aged from 15-16 years, 46(53.4%) were male, 28(32.5%) were Catholics most 81(94.1%) were single. 18(36%) had got the information from their friends, 28(56%) of adolescents said that the information about adolescents' reproductive health services was not freely shared in their communities and 33(66%) said that their communities did not accept adolescents sexual reproductive health services where 7(50%) gave a reason they expected to be young to have sexual intercourse. 43(86%) of adolescents were from within 1-5km, 28(73.8%) mentioned lack of privacy at the facility, and 30(79%) said that health workers segregated adolescents that needed similar reproductive health services. In conclusion, factors that were contributing to the low hindering utilization of adolescents’ reproductive health services were both demographic, socio-economic, and facility related.
Keywords: Adolescents, Reproductive, Health Services, Uganda.
Running head PICOT STATEMENT 1PICOT STATEMENT 5.docxtoltonkendal
Running head: PICOT STATEMENT 1
PICOT STATEMENT 5
PICOT Statement: Childhood Obesity
P-I-C-O-T Statement
P- Patients who suffer from obesity (BMI of more than 30)
I- Undertaking nutritional education, diet, and exercise
C- Comparison to nutritional education, endoscopic bariatric surgical intervention
O- Improved health outcomes in terms of overall weight
T - A year’s time limit
PICOT Statement: Childhood Obesity
Introduction
Childhood obesity poses serious health problems in the US as the number of overweight and obese population increases at a rapid pace every year. The effects of this problem have arrested the attention of policymakers, societal members, and government agencies. This has resulted in ranking childhood obesity as a national health concern. The adverse impacts of this disease go beyond the health realms to include economic burden on both personal and national budgets. While there are numerous risk factors and various evidence-based interventions to address this challenge, no single approach is consistently efficacious in curbing the disease. Consequently, it is imperative that efficacious initiatives and policies be developed to address the never-ending problem of childhood obesity. Multidisciplinary approaches are often broad and cut across all dimensions of personal health problems. Instead of placing emphasis solely on biomedical models, health care professionals should also seek to promote behavior change among obesity patients and their family members. A PICOT statement can be utilized as an effective tool to seek interventions of addressing childhood obesity.
PICOT Statement
Population
In the US, obesity prevalence is highest among children aged from 6 to 11 years (Cheung et al. 2016). The disease has tripled among this age group from 4.2 percent to 15.3 percent from 1963 to 2012. In the last three decades, increased cases of obesity prevalence have been noted among children of all ages, although the differences in obesity prevalence have been recorded in terms of age, race, ethnicity, and gender (Cheung et al. 2016). In this respect, children from socioeconomically disadvantaged families and some racial and ethnic minorities experience the higher median score on obesity than the dominant white population. Higher obesity rates are often recorded among blacks and Hispanics compared to whites. For instance, a survey on girls in the Southwest revealed that the yearly cases of obesity stood at 4.5 percent among Blacks, 2 percent among Hispanics, and 0.7 percent among white girls aged from 13 to 17 years (Cheung et al. 2016). For low-income earners, American Indians rank highest at 6.3 percent, followed closely by Hispanics at 5.5 percent.
Intervention
Evidence-based interventions that seek to reduce childhood obesity incidences in the country should target two major areas: prevention and treatment. High-quality RCT has been proven as one of the most effective preventative ...
Ijsrp p8825 Caregiver factors influencing seeking of Early Infant Diagnosis (...Elizabeth kiilu
Caregiver factors influencing seeking of Early Infant Diagnosis (EID) of HIV services in selected hospitals in Nairobi County, Kenya:A qualitative Study
Submission Ide e223bfb4-049f-4c26-ba24-2ede2b73157041 SI.docxdeanmtaylor1545
Submission Ide: e223bfb4-049f-4c26-ba24-2ede2b731570
41% SIMILARITY SCORE 8 CITATION ITEMS 46 GRAMMAR ISSUES 0 FEEDBACK COMMENT
Internet Source 0%
Institution 41%
Avery Bryan
Benchmark – Capstone Project.docx
Summary
1911 Words
Running head: BENCHMARK – CAPSTONE PROJECT 1
BENCHMARK – CAPSTONE PROJECT 2
Use an m-dash.: – —
Use an m-dash.: – —
Benchmark – Capstone Project
Avery Bryan
Professor Tammy Gray
NRS-490
02/09/20
Benchmark – Capstone Project
Obesity is prevalent among the African American children. Most of the African
American families fall in the low income groups. This results to them not being able to purchase
BENCHMARK – CAPSTONE PROJECT 3
Spelling mistake: junky junk
Passive voice: be considered to be
Unpaired braces, brackets, quotation m...: (
Possible typo: et al et al.
Unpaired braces, brackets, quotation m...: (
Spelling mistake: Chircop Chirp
healthy foods. There is a perception that healthy foods are very expensive to purchase. Their
food consumption to a large extent consists of proteins from genetically modified organisms
(GMOs), larger amounts of refined grains and sugars and high level of fructose corn syrup. They
consume junky foods that are cheaper to buy. These foods contribute a lot to childhood obesity
among the African American children who consume them.
Obesity is not a disease in itself. However, it leads to an increased risk of individuals to
develop other diseases that may be considered to be chronic. These chronic diseases include
some types of cancer, coronary heart disease, stroke, osteoarthritis, type 2 diabetes and other
complicated health conditions. A myriad of social and physical negative consequences are
associated with obesity. The conditions associated with obesity carry both short term and long
term negative outcomes that are extremely expensive to treat both at individual and societal
level. It is less expensive to prevent obesity than to cure it. It is therefore important to address the
problem of obesity by implementing effective preventive measures.
Childhood obesity is a world-wide health problem and development of interventions to
prevent or control it should be a priority (Amini et al, (2014). Obesity is prevalent and on the
increase among many school going African American children in the US. Physical activity and
healthy diet are the key preventive interventions that can be implemented to tackle the challenge
of childhood obesity (Chircop et al., (2015).
Obesity is a major health concern. This is because children who have obesity, compared
to those with normal weight are at .
Epidemiological studies are applicable to communicable and non-com.docxSALU18
Epidemiological studies are applicable to communicable and non-communicable diseases. Childhood obesity is an area that is receiving more attention in public health due to the multiple morbidities that emerge as a result of this condition. Below are links to a cross-sectional study and a case-control study. Imagine that you are interested in conducting a case-control or cross-sectional study proposal of childhood obesity vs. birth weight (prenatal and early life influences). Both articles below address prenatal influences on childhood obesity and birth weight using different approaches.
Article 1 -attached
Article 2-attached
Using the information in the articles, answer the following questions using AMA format.
1. How would you select cases and controls for this study and how would you define exposure and outcome variables for a case-control study design? What other factors would you control for?
2. How would you design a proposal measuring the effect of birthweight on childhood obesity for a cross-sectional study design? What other factors would you control for?
BioMed CentralBMC Public Health
ss
Open AcceStudy protocol
Cross sectional study of childhood obesity and prevalence of risk
factors for cardiovascular disease and diabetes in children aged 11–
13
Anwen Rees*1, Non Thomas1, Sinead Brophy2, Gareth Knox1 and
Rhys Williams2
Address: 1Cardiff School of Sport, University of Wales Institute Cardiff, Wales, UK and 2School of Medicine, Swansea University, Wales, UK
Email: Anwen Rees* - [email protected]; Non Thomas - [email protected]; Sinead Brophy - [email protected];
Gareth Knox - [email protected]; Rhys Williams - [email protected]
* Corresponding author
Abstract
Background: Childhood obesity levels are rising with estimates suggesting that around one in
three children in Western countries are overweight. People from lower socioeconomic status and
ethnic minority backgrounds are at higher risk of obesity and subsequent CVD and diabetes.
Within this study we examine the prevalence of risk factors for CVD and diabetes (obesity,
hypercholesterolemia, hypertension) and examine factors associated with the presence of these
risk factors in school children aged 11–13.
Methods and design: Participants will be recruited from schools across South Wales. Schools
will be selected based on catchment area, recruiting those with high ethnic minority or deprived
catchment areas. Data collection will take place during the PE lessons and on school premises. Data
will include: anthropometrical variables (height, weight, waist, hip and neck circumferences, skinfold
thickness at 4 sites), physiological variables (blood pressure and aerobic fitness (20 metre multi
stage fitness test (20 MSFT)), diet (self-reported seven-day food diary), physical activity (Physical
Activity Questionnire for Adolescents (PAQ-A), accelerometery) and blood tests (fasting glucose,
insulin, lipids, fibrinogen (Fg), adiponectin (high molecular weight), C-react ...
CAUSE AND RISK FACTORS OF CHILHOOD OBESITY14CAUSE AND RIMaximaSheffield592
CAUSE AND RISK FACTORS OF CHILHOOD OBESITY
1
4
CAUSE AND RISK FACTORS OF CHILDHOOD OBESITY
Cause and Risk Factors of Childhood Obesity
Lesly M. Ponce Gonzales
Mountain View College
ENGL 1302 - TR -11:00
Abstract
Childhood obesity is a global public health concern and its increasing over the years and it is defined as an increase in body fat and this is related to an abnormal weight gain for their age and height. The obese child is more predisposed to being an obese adult and tends to increase his probability of early mortality. Causes or risk factors are closely related to genetic inheritance, lifestyle, and environmental factors, such as school diet, socioeconomic problems, and technology. It can also cause diseases such as type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, sleep disorders, among others. The causes and risk factors of childhood obesity because it helps to understand the increasing growth of obese children and adults in the world. Knowing the causes or risk factors allows specialists to find or propose solutions for its prevention.
Cause and Risk Factors of Childhood Obesity
Did you know that overweight and obesity in children and adolescents is one of the faster-growing epidemics in the world, that it is not only related to excessive consumption of calories? Although childhood obesity is caused by eating more energy than it is burning, and it is associated with a dietary factor and sedentary lifestyle, exists others less known causes associated with genetic, psychological, family, sociocultural, socioeconomic and environmental factors that develop and increase the risk of the childhood obesity.
As a global health concern, World Health Organization (WHO), classifies if a child is overweight or obese using body mass index (BMI) “systematic reviews have shown that the BMI (…) provides the best simple means of defining obesity in children and adolescents” (Really). BMI is a simple indicator of the relationship between weight and height that it is used to identify obesity in children and adults. It is calculating by dividing children’s weight in kilos by the square of their height in meters BMI = (kg) / Height² (m²). For instance, the WHO uses the BMI-for-age chart for boys for screening for overweight or obesity in the child. As it has shown in figure 1 and 2 respectively, the line labeled 0 on the growth chart is the median or the average. A child whose BMI-for-age is above line 3 is obese, above 2 is overweight and above 1shows the possible risk of overweight. Obesity is interpreted “as an excess of body fat” (Sahoo) because it is understood that the excess of weight is due to the growth of fat cells or the born of the new ones. According to the researchers the prevalence of pediatric obesity in the world has increased at an alarmed rate s from “2% to 6.7% in 2010” (Al-Agha), turning it as the most serious public health challenge of this time.
Fig. 1. Child Growth Standards BMI-for-age BOYS 2 to 5 years old
Fig. 2. Ch ...
A health promoting school (HPS) is a school that constantly seeks to strengthen its capacity to promote healthy living, learning and working conditions (WHO). It aims to provide a multifaceted response to the health needs of students.
A Pilot Study on Prevalence of Obesity and its Determinants among Adolescents...ijtsrd
Objective To assess prevalence of obesity in adolescents of selected schools of Jalandhar, Punjab, to assess Obesity determinants in adolescents of selected schools of alandhar, Punjab, To find out the association between the findings of the study and the selected demographic variables, and In a view to prepare a pamphlet on prevention of obesity. Methodology A cross sectional pilot study was conducted in corporate school of Jalandhar, Punjab and school children aged between13 years to 15 years of age were recruited by purposive random sampling method. Children with physical limitations, mental disability or children undergoing any form of clinical therapy were not included in this study. Anthropometric assessment was done and data were analyzed models using SPSS P value less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results The WHO BMI chart was used to calculate BMI of adolescents. Among 47 participants the prevalence of obesity was 4.2 and 17.02 were overweight, 60 were under weight and 19 were healthy. Based on the sex 7.40 males were having prevalence of obesity , 22.22 males and 11.11 females were having over weight.. The demographic variables revealed that, 57 of participants were from 15 yrs age group, 26 were of 14 yrs age group and the lowest 17 of them were 13 yrs old. Determinants which contribute prevalence of obesity reveal that, there is a significant association between selected socio demographic variables with sedentary behavior P value at 0.001 level which shows highly significant. There is a highly significant association between level of obesity with selected demographic variables in areas like obesity, mothers qualification and family history of obesity at P 0.001, P 0.05 levels. Prof. M. Chinna Devi ""A Pilot Study on Prevalence of Obesity and its Determinants among Adolescents in Schools of Jalandhar, Punjab"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23825.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/23825/a-pilot-study-on-prevalence-of-obesity-and-its-determinants-among-adolescents-in-schools-of-jalandhar-punjab/prof-m-chinna-devi
Nutritional assessment status of adult patients with multiple sclerosis: A na...Innspub Net
No previous research has assessed the nongenetic factors, especially the nutrition status of MS patients in Arab countries. Hence, this study aims to assess the nutritional status of MS patients among Arab adults. This study is a nationally representative cross-sectional study using a structured, online self-administered, validated quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) from 13 Arab countries. All data analyses were performed using STATA 16.0 and R for statistical computing version 4.0.4. A total of 813 participants were surveyed, most of the MS participants were female (68.4%), married (58.5%), non-smoker (72.6%) and 53.3% were diagnosed with MS for up to five years. MS participants did not consume the DRI of both the macro and the micronutrients including the energy requirements, except the dietary intake of the sodium which was insignificantly different from the DRI. Results also showed that most participants rarely consumed the main food items including bread, cereals, and most types of meat. While, more than 50% of the participants consumed fruit, vegetables, all types of chicken, fish, fresh soup, rice, and egg up to 3 times per month. On the other hand, milk and milkshake were consumed rarely; while, tea and herbal teas were the most common beverages. Nutrient deficiencies are very common among MS Arab patients. The finding of this study can establish a base for the development of a nutritional program for MS patients in accordance with the recommended DRI.
A Study of Propensity Score on Influencing Factors of Length of Stay in Hospi...Scientific Review SR
Background: Burns are a global public health problem, which are universal and can happen to anyone. Because the physical functions in children and adults are different, the confounding factors are easy to affect the results of study. Objective: In this study, we aimed to explore influencing factors of the length of hospital stay (LOS) when the confounding factors were excluded by Propensity Score (PS) in children and adults. Methods: Patients hospitalized for burn from 2014 to 2016 were retrieved from the medical record system of a general biggest hospital in Zunyi. A database was established to analyze the influencing factors of LOS between children and adults by the PS. Results A total of 465 children (61.7% males) and 327 (69.7% males) adults were recruited. The average age was 3.61±3.57 years and 42.48±14.76 years in children and adults with burns respectively. Before PS matching, low age and skin grafting were the protective factors for LOS (Hazard Ratio [HR]=0.993 and 0.339). The risk factors of LOS were male (HR=1.234), the burn depth and total body surface area (TBSA), and burn etiology (HR=1.497). After PS matching, only skin grafting (HR=0.080) and treatment within 24 hours (HR=1.865) were the common influencing factors of LOS. Conclusion the confounding factors were excluded by the PS method, and skin grafting was still a protective factor of LOS for both children and adults. The results provide a reference for the promotion of skin grafting to reduce LOS in burn patients.
Health Behavior of Senior High School Teachers of the University of Saint Lou...ijtsrd
The COVID 19 pandemic has raised the rate of health related internet use, particularly among teachers. Loads of various information about Covid 19 symptoms are available that teachers can easily access, some of which come from unreliable and unverified sources that can worsen their perception of their symptoms and affect their health behavior. Thus, this study aimed to investigate and assess the senior high school teachers health behavior due to compulsive health related internet use amidst the pandemic. The researchers used a descriptive quantitative research design to in depth analyze the acquired data and information. They also used purposive sampling to select the Senior High School teachers of the University of Saint Louis Tuguegarao and gathered the needed data using a survey questionnaire. This study made used descriptive statistics to describe the health behavior of the respondents and an Independent Sample T test to test the significant difference in their health behavior based on their profile. The results revealed that due to the compulsiveness of searching online health information Senior High School teachers were having no significant differences in terms of their demographic profile of age and highest educational attainment. While on the other hand, in terms of the profile variable of sex, the null hypothesis was rejected implying a significant difference among the male and female Senior High School Teachers. The researchers have concluded that the health behavior of the respondents having different means of effects of compulsive health related internet use to the health behavior of male and female. Furthermore, the study highlighted the need for more research, specifically a qualitative one, regarding the effects of compulsive health related internet use with a wider range of sample and respondents to validate the results of the study. Agcaoili, Maria Jorumy Jo B. | Danga, Louisse Noecli Q. | Duran, Micaela C. | Liban, Kate G. | Taguba, Earlbert John S. "Health Behavior of Senior High School Teachers of the University of Saint Louis Tuguegarao Due to Compulsive Health-Related Internet Use Amidst Covid-19 Pandemic" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-4 , June 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50091.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/50091/health-behavior-of-senior-high-school-teachers-of-the-university-of-saint-louis-tuguegarao-due-to-compulsive-healthrelated-internet-use-amidst-covid19-pandemic/agcaoili-maria-jorumy-jo-b
Factors Hindering Adolescents from Utilizing Reproductive Health Services in ...PUBLISHERJOURNAL
Factors Hindering Adolescents from Utilizing Reproductive Health Services in Kampala International University Teaching Hospital
Emannuel Gutaka 1, Martin Odoki 2, Francis Okedi 3 and *Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu4
1Kampala International University Teaching Hospital and Research (KIU-THR), P.O Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda.
2Department of Microbiology, Kampala International University Western Campus (KIU-WC), P.O Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda.
3Department of Surgery, Kampala International University Teaching Hospital and research (KIU-THR) , P.O Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda.
4Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Kampala International University, Uganda.
________________________________________
ABSTRACT
In Uganda, only 19% of adolescents utilize adolescents’ reproductive health services yet complications of pregnancy, abortions, and childbirth are the leading cause of disability and death among the same age group. The purpose of this study was to assess factors that were contributing to the low utilization of adolescents’ reproductive health services. A quantitative cross-sectional study employed simple random sampling among 85 adolescents that were attending Kampala international university outpatient clinic. Results found out that majority 46(53.4) of adolescents were aged from 15-16 years, 46(53.4%) were male, 28(32.5%) were Catholics most 81(94.1%) were single. 18(36%) had got the information from their friends, 28(56%) of adolescents said that the information about adolescents' reproductive health services was not freely shared in their communities and 33(66%) said that their communities did not accept adolescents sexual reproductive health services where 7(50%) gave a reason they expected to be young to have sexual intercourse. 43(86%) of adolescents were from within 1-5km, 28(73.8%) mentioned lack of privacy at the facility, and 30(79%) said that health workers segregated adolescents that needed similar reproductive health services. In conclusion, factors that were contributing to the low hindering utilization of adolescents’ reproductive health services were both demographic, socio-economic, and facility related.
Keywords: Adolescents, Reproductive, Health Services, Uganda.
Running head PICOT STATEMENT 1PICOT STATEMENT 5.docxtoltonkendal
Running head: PICOT STATEMENT 1
PICOT STATEMENT 5
PICOT Statement: Childhood Obesity
P-I-C-O-T Statement
P- Patients who suffer from obesity (BMI of more than 30)
I- Undertaking nutritional education, diet, and exercise
C- Comparison to nutritional education, endoscopic bariatric surgical intervention
O- Improved health outcomes in terms of overall weight
T - A year’s time limit
PICOT Statement: Childhood Obesity
Introduction
Childhood obesity poses serious health problems in the US as the number of overweight and obese population increases at a rapid pace every year. The effects of this problem have arrested the attention of policymakers, societal members, and government agencies. This has resulted in ranking childhood obesity as a national health concern. The adverse impacts of this disease go beyond the health realms to include economic burden on both personal and national budgets. While there are numerous risk factors and various evidence-based interventions to address this challenge, no single approach is consistently efficacious in curbing the disease. Consequently, it is imperative that efficacious initiatives and policies be developed to address the never-ending problem of childhood obesity. Multidisciplinary approaches are often broad and cut across all dimensions of personal health problems. Instead of placing emphasis solely on biomedical models, health care professionals should also seek to promote behavior change among obesity patients and their family members. A PICOT statement can be utilized as an effective tool to seek interventions of addressing childhood obesity.
PICOT Statement
Population
In the US, obesity prevalence is highest among children aged from 6 to 11 years (Cheung et al. 2016). The disease has tripled among this age group from 4.2 percent to 15.3 percent from 1963 to 2012. In the last three decades, increased cases of obesity prevalence have been noted among children of all ages, although the differences in obesity prevalence have been recorded in terms of age, race, ethnicity, and gender (Cheung et al. 2016). In this respect, children from socioeconomically disadvantaged families and some racial and ethnic minorities experience the higher median score on obesity than the dominant white population. Higher obesity rates are often recorded among blacks and Hispanics compared to whites. For instance, a survey on girls in the Southwest revealed that the yearly cases of obesity stood at 4.5 percent among Blacks, 2 percent among Hispanics, and 0.7 percent among white girls aged from 13 to 17 years (Cheung et al. 2016). For low-income earners, American Indians rank highest at 6.3 percent, followed closely by Hispanics at 5.5 percent.
Intervention
Evidence-based interventions that seek to reduce childhood obesity incidences in the country should target two major areas: prevention and treatment. High-quality RCT has been proven as one of the most effective preventative ...
Ijsrp p8825 Caregiver factors influencing seeking of Early Infant Diagnosis (...Elizabeth kiilu
Caregiver factors influencing seeking of Early Infant Diagnosis (EID) of HIV services in selected hospitals in Nairobi County, Kenya:A qualitative Study
Submission Ide e223bfb4-049f-4c26-ba24-2ede2b73157041 SI.docxdeanmtaylor1545
Submission Ide: e223bfb4-049f-4c26-ba24-2ede2b731570
41% SIMILARITY SCORE 8 CITATION ITEMS 46 GRAMMAR ISSUES 0 FEEDBACK COMMENT
Internet Source 0%
Institution 41%
Avery Bryan
Benchmark – Capstone Project.docx
Summary
1911 Words
Running head: BENCHMARK – CAPSTONE PROJECT 1
BENCHMARK – CAPSTONE PROJECT 2
Use an m-dash.: – —
Use an m-dash.: – —
Benchmark – Capstone Project
Avery Bryan
Professor Tammy Gray
NRS-490
02/09/20
Benchmark – Capstone Project
Obesity is prevalent among the African American children. Most of the African
American families fall in the low income groups. This results to them not being able to purchase
BENCHMARK – CAPSTONE PROJECT 3
Spelling mistake: junky junk
Passive voice: be considered to be
Unpaired braces, brackets, quotation m...: (
Possible typo: et al et al.
Unpaired braces, brackets, quotation m...: (
Spelling mistake: Chircop Chirp
healthy foods. There is a perception that healthy foods are very expensive to purchase. Their
food consumption to a large extent consists of proteins from genetically modified organisms
(GMOs), larger amounts of refined grains and sugars and high level of fructose corn syrup. They
consume junky foods that are cheaper to buy. These foods contribute a lot to childhood obesity
among the African American children who consume them.
Obesity is not a disease in itself. However, it leads to an increased risk of individuals to
develop other diseases that may be considered to be chronic. These chronic diseases include
some types of cancer, coronary heart disease, stroke, osteoarthritis, type 2 diabetes and other
complicated health conditions. A myriad of social and physical negative consequences are
associated with obesity. The conditions associated with obesity carry both short term and long
term negative outcomes that are extremely expensive to treat both at individual and societal
level. It is less expensive to prevent obesity than to cure it. It is therefore important to address the
problem of obesity by implementing effective preventive measures.
Childhood obesity is a world-wide health problem and development of interventions to
prevent or control it should be a priority (Amini et al, (2014). Obesity is prevalent and on the
increase among many school going African American children in the US. Physical activity and
healthy diet are the key preventive interventions that can be implemented to tackle the challenge
of childhood obesity (Chircop et al., (2015).
Obesity is a major health concern. This is because children who have obesity, compared
to those with normal weight are at .
Epidemiological studies are applicable to communicable and non-com.docxSALU18
Epidemiological studies are applicable to communicable and non-communicable diseases. Childhood obesity is an area that is receiving more attention in public health due to the multiple morbidities that emerge as a result of this condition. Below are links to a cross-sectional study and a case-control study. Imagine that you are interested in conducting a case-control or cross-sectional study proposal of childhood obesity vs. birth weight (prenatal and early life influences). Both articles below address prenatal influences on childhood obesity and birth weight using different approaches.
Article 1 -attached
Article 2-attached
Using the information in the articles, answer the following questions using AMA format.
1. How would you select cases and controls for this study and how would you define exposure and outcome variables for a case-control study design? What other factors would you control for?
2. How would you design a proposal measuring the effect of birthweight on childhood obesity for a cross-sectional study design? What other factors would you control for?
BioMed CentralBMC Public Health
ss
Open AcceStudy protocol
Cross sectional study of childhood obesity and prevalence of risk
factors for cardiovascular disease and diabetes in children aged 11–
13
Anwen Rees*1, Non Thomas1, Sinead Brophy2, Gareth Knox1 and
Rhys Williams2
Address: 1Cardiff School of Sport, University of Wales Institute Cardiff, Wales, UK and 2School of Medicine, Swansea University, Wales, UK
Email: Anwen Rees* - [email protected]; Non Thomas - [email protected]; Sinead Brophy - [email protected];
Gareth Knox - [email protected]; Rhys Williams - [email protected]
* Corresponding author
Abstract
Background: Childhood obesity levels are rising with estimates suggesting that around one in
three children in Western countries are overweight. People from lower socioeconomic status and
ethnic minority backgrounds are at higher risk of obesity and subsequent CVD and diabetes.
Within this study we examine the prevalence of risk factors for CVD and diabetes (obesity,
hypercholesterolemia, hypertension) and examine factors associated with the presence of these
risk factors in school children aged 11–13.
Methods and design: Participants will be recruited from schools across South Wales. Schools
will be selected based on catchment area, recruiting those with high ethnic minority or deprived
catchment areas. Data collection will take place during the PE lessons and on school premises. Data
will include: anthropometrical variables (height, weight, waist, hip and neck circumferences, skinfold
thickness at 4 sites), physiological variables (blood pressure and aerobic fitness (20 metre multi
stage fitness test (20 MSFT)), diet (self-reported seven-day food diary), physical activity (Physical
Activity Questionnire for Adolescents (PAQ-A), accelerometery) and blood tests (fasting glucose,
insulin, lipids, fibrinogen (Fg), adiponectin (high molecular weight), C-react ...
CAUSE AND RISK FACTORS OF CHILHOOD OBESITY14CAUSE AND RIMaximaSheffield592
CAUSE AND RISK FACTORS OF CHILHOOD OBESITY
1
4
CAUSE AND RISK FACTORS OF CHILDHOOD OBESITY
Cause and Risk Factors of Childhood Obesity
Lesly M. Ponce Gonzales
Mountain View College
ENGL 1302 - TR -11:00
Abstract
Childhood obesity is a global public health concern and its increasing over the years and it is defined as an increase in body fat and this is related to an abnormal weight gain for their age and height. The obese child is more predisposed to being an obese adult and tends to increase his probability of early mortality. Causes or risk factors are closely related to genetic inheritance, lifestyle, and environmental factors, such as school diet, socioeconomic problems, and technology. It can also cause diseases such as type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, sleep disorders, among others. The causes and risk factors of childhood obesity because it helps to understand the increasing growth of obese children and adults in the world. Knowing the causes or risk factors allows specialists to find or propose solutions for its prevention.
Cause and Risk Factors of Childhood Obesity
Did you know that overweight and obesity in children and adolescents is one of the faster-growing epidemics in the world, that it is not only related to excessive consumption of calories? Although childhood obesity is caused by eating more energy than it is burning, and it is associated with a dietary factor and sedentary lifestyle, exists others less known causes associated with genetic, psychological, family, sociocultural, socioeconomic and environmental factors that develop and increase the risk of the childhood obesity.
As a global health concern, World Health Organization (WHO), classifies if a child is overweight or obese using body mass index (BMI) “systematic reviews have shown that the BMI (…) provides the best simple means of defining obesity in children and adolescents” (Really). BMI is a simple indicator of the relationship between weight and height that it is used to identify obesity in children and adults. It is calculating by dividing children’s weight in kilos by the square of their height in meters BMI = (kg) / Height² (m²). For instance, the WHO uses the BMI-for-age chart for boys for screening for overweight or obesity in the child. As it has shown in figure 1 and 2 respectively, the line labeled 0 on the growth chart is the median or the average. A child whose BMI-for-age is above line 3 is obese, above 2 is overweight and above 1shows the possible risk of overweight. Obesity is interpreted “as an excess of body fat” (Sahoo) because it is understood that the excess of weight is due to the growth of fat cells or the born of the new ones. According to the researchers the prevalence of pediatric obesity in the world has increased at an alarmed rate s from “2% to 6.7% in 2010” (Al-Agha), turning it as the most serious public health challenge of this time.
Fig. 1. Child Growth Standards BMI-for-age BOYS 2 to 5 years old
Fig. 2. Ch ...
A health promoting school (HPS) is a school that constantly seeks to strengthen its capacity to promote healthy living, learning and working conditions (WHO). It aims to provide a multifaceted response to the health needs of students.
A Pilot Study on Prevalence of Obesity and its Determinants among Adolescents...ijtsrd
Objective To assess prevalence of obesity in adolescents of selected schools of Jalandhar, Punjab, to assess Obesity determinants in adolescents of selected schools of alandhar, Punjab, To find out the association between the findings of the study and the selected demographic variables, and In a view to prepare a pamphlet on prevention of obesity. Methodology A cross sectional pilot study was conducted in corporate school of Jalandhar, Punjab and school children aged between13 years to 15 years of age were recruited by purposive random sampling method. Children with physical limitations, mental disability or children undergoing any form of clinical therapy were not included in this study. Anthropometric assessment was done and data were analyzed models using SPSS P value less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results The WHO BMI chart was used to calculate BMI of adolescents. Among 47 participants the prevalence of obesity was 4.2 and 17.02 were overweight, 60 were under weight and 19 were healthy. Based on the sex 7.40 males were having prevalence of obesity , 22.22 males and 11.11 females were having over weight.. The demographic variables revealed that, 57 of participants were from 15 yrs age group, 26 were of 14 yrs age group and the lowest 17 of them were 13 yrs old. Determinants which contribute prevalence of obesity reveal that, there is a significant association between selected socio demographic variables with sedentary behavior P value at 0.001 level which shows highly significant. There is a highly significant association between level of obesity with selected demographic variables in areas like obesity, mothers qualification and family history of obesity at P 0.001, P 0.05 levels. Prof. M. Chinna Devi ""A Pilot Study on Prevalence of Obesity and its Determinants among Adolescents in Schools of Jalandhar, Punjab"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23825.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/23825/a-pilot-study-on-prevalence-of-obesity-and-its-determinants-among-adolescents-in-schools-of-jalandhar-punjab/prof-m-chinna-devi
Nutritional assessment status of adult patients with multiple sclerosis: A na...Innspub Net
No previous research has assessed the nongenetic factors, especially the nutrition status of MS patients in Arab countries. Hence, this study aims to assess the nutritional status of MS patients among Arab adults. This study is a nationally representative cross-sectional study using a structured, online self-administered, validated quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) from 13 Arab countries. All data analyses were performed using STATA 16.0 and R for statistical computing version 4.0.4. A total of 813 participants were surveyed, most of the MS participants were female (68.4%), married (58.5%), non-smoker (72.6%) and 53.3% were diagnosed with MS for up to five years. MS participants did not consume the DRI of both the macro and the micronutrients including the energy requirements, except the dietary intake of the sodium which was insignificantly different from the DRI. Results also showed that most participants rarely consumed the main food items including bread, cereals, and most types of meat. While, more than 50% of the participants consumed fruit, vegetables, all types of chicken, fish, fresh soup, rice, and egg up to 3 times per month. On the other hand, milk and milkshake were consumed rarely; while, tea and herbal teas were the most common beverages. Nutrient deficiencies are very common among MS Arab patients. The finding of this study can establish a base for the development of a nutritional program for MS patients in accordance with the recommended DRI.
A Study of Propensity Score on Influencing Factors of Length of Stay in Hospi...Scientific Review SR
Background: Burns are a global public health problem, which are universal and can happen to anyone. Because the physical functions in children and adults are different, the confounding factors are easy to affect the results of study. Objective: In this study, we aimed to explore influencing factors of the length of hospital stay (LOS) when the confounding factors were excluded by Propensity Score (PS) in children and adults. Methods: Patients hospitalized for burn from 2014 to 2016 were retrieved from the medical record system of a general biggest hospital in Zunyi. A database was established to analyze the influencing factors of LOS between children and adults by the PS. Results A total of 465 children (61.7% males) and 327 (69.7% males) adults were recruited. The average age was 3.61±3.57 years and 42.48±14.76 years in children and adults with burns respectively. Before PS matching, low age and skin grafting were the protective factors for LOS (Hazard Ratio [HR]=0.993 and 0.339). The risk factors of LOS were male (HR=1.234), the burn depth and total body surface area (TBSA), and burn etiology (HR=1.497). After PS matching, only skin grafting (HR=0.080) and treatment within 24 hours (HR=1.865) were the common influencing factors of LOS. Conclusion the confounding factors were excluded by the PS method, and skin grafting was still a protective factor of LOS for both children and adults. The results provide a reference for the promotion of skin grafting to reduce LOS in burn patients.
Health Behavior of Senior High School Teachers of the University of Saint Lou...ijtsrd
The COVID 19 pandemic has raised the rate of health related internet use, particularly among teachers. Loads of various information about Covid 19 symptoms are available that teachers can easily access, some of which come from unreliable and unverified sources that can worsen their perception of their symptoms and affect their health behavior. Thus, this study aimed to investigate and assess the senior high school teachers health behavior due to compulsive health related internet use amidst the pandemic. The researchers used a descriptive quantitative research design to in depth analyze the acquired data and information. They also used purposive sampling to select the Senior High School teachers of the University of Saint Louis Tuguegarao and gathered the needed data using a survey questionnaire. This study made used descriptive statistics to describe the health behavior of the respondents and an Independent Sample T test to test the significant difference in their health behavior based on their profile. The results revealed that due to the compulsiveness of searching online health information Senior High School teachers were having no significant differences in terms of their demographic profile of age and highest educational attainment. While on the other hand, in terms of the profile variable of sex, the null hypothesis was rejected implying a significant difference among the male and female Senior High School Teachers. The researchers have concluded that the health behavior of the respondents having different means of effects of compulsive health related internet use to the health behavior of male and female. Furthermore, the study highlighted the need for more research, specifically a qualitative one, regarding the effects of compulsive health related internet use with a wider range of sample and respondents to validate the results of the study. Agcaoili, Maria Jorumy Jo B. | Danga, Louisse Noecli Q. | Duran, Micaela C. | Liban, Kate G. | Taguba, Earlbert John S. "Health Behavior of Senior High School Teachers of the University of Saint Louis Tuguegarao Due to Compulsive Health-Related Internet Use Amidst Covid-19 Pandemic" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-4 , June 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50091.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/50091/health-behavior-of-senior-high-school-teachers-of-the-university-of-saint-louis-tuguegarao-due-to-compulsive-healthrelated-internet-use-amidst-covid19-pandemic/agcaoili-maria-jorumy-jo-b
Similar to ASSOCIATION BETWEEN SCREEN TIME AND OBESITY IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS Narrative Review (Atena Editora) (20)
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
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June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
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Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN SCREEN TIME AND OBESITY IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS Narrative Review (Atena Editora)
1. 1
International Journal of Health Science ISSN 2764-0159 DOI 10.22533/at.ed.1593462328065
International
Journal of
Health
Science
v. 3, n. 46, 2023
All content in this magazine is
licensed under a Creative Com-
mons Attribution License. Attri-
bution-Non-Commercial-Non-
Derivatives 4.0 International (CC
BY-NC-ND 4.0).
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN
SCREEN TIME AND
OBESITY IN CHILDREN
AND ADOLESCENTS:
NARRATIVE REVIEW
Brenda Alves Barnabé
Faculdade da Saúde e Ecologia Humana
Lagoa Santa - Minas Gerais
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2609498706013605
Bruna Melissa Duarte Miranda
Faculdade da Saúde e Ecologia Humana
Belo Horizonte - Minas Gerais
https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1444-4716
Izabela Bárbara Dâmaso Ferraz Gontijo
Faculdade da Saúde e Ecologia Humana
Belo Horizonte - Minas Gerais
http://lattes.cnpq.br/0818104918330288
Jacqueline de Castro Laranjo
Faculdade da Saúde e Ecologia Humana
Oliveira - Minas Gerais
http://lattes.cnpq.br/7349478619277574
Paula Marina Costa Cruz
Faculdade da Saúde e Ecologia Humana
Belo Horizonte - MG
http://lattes.cnpq.br/5088836515735181
Viviane Louise Lima Brasil
Faculdade da Saúde e Ecologia Humana
Belo Horizonte - Minas Gerais
http://lattes.cnpq.br/0955221408332734
2. 2
International Journal of Health Science ISSN 2764-0159 DOI 10.22533/at.ed.1593462328065
Abstract: Obesity is a chronic disease that has
increased its prevalence among children and
adolescents. An important factor linked to
this epidemiological picture is the sedentary
behavior in this age group. This scenario is
often a consequence of increasing exposure
to screens (television, cell phone, tablet, video
game). The aim of this study was to identify
the influence of these electronic devices on
sedentary behavior and, consequently, on
obesityinchildrenandadolescents.Anarrative
review was performed using the PubMed
database. The analyzed variables were screen
time, sedentary behavior and obesity, with 34
eligible studies published between 2012 and
2022, involving 164,108 individuals between
05 and 19 years old. Among the revised
data, the Body Mass Index (BMI) was the
main adopted parameter for overweight and
obesity. It was observed that most children
and adolescents are exposed to screens for a
much longer time than recommended by the
Brazilian Society of Pediatrics (2019) and that
the prevalence of overweight and obesity in
the evaluated samples ranged from 5.7% to
64%. Thus, screen time, alone or in association
with inadequate eating habits and reduced
physical activity, was, in different degrees of
strength of evidence, an important factor for
the occurrence of obesity among children and
adolescents.
Keywords: Sedentary Behavior. Screen Time.
Obesity. Child. Adolescent.
INTRODUCCTION
Childhood obesity has increased
considerablyworldwide,becomingaworrying
epidemic in recent years. Due to the high
rates of cases of this pathology, several studies
focused on the risk factors and the complexity
of the complications of this disease are
being developed. Among the causal factors
of obesity, sedentary behavior has a great
impact on unhealthy lifestyle in childhood
and adolescence (SANTOS; RABINOVICH,
2011).
The use of electronic devices and access
to the media have been important topics of
discussion in the health area in recent years.
In the current context, the total number of
hours spent per day by an individual in front
of an electronic screen, such as watching
television (TV) and using a cell phone, has
had a considerable impact on the adoption
of sedentary behaviors (JINGJIE et al., 2022).
Thus, screen time can be considered an
important indicator of sedentary activities,
mainly due to the replacement of time spent
on physical activities (PA) with time spent
using electronic devices and the internet.
The premise is that the longer the screen
time, the lower the practice of activities that
employ caloric consumption by the individual
(SCHMID; RICCI; LEITZMANN, 2015). In
addition, sedentary behavior in young people,
especially inactivity related to time watching
TV, is also associated with the adoption of a
less healthy diet, with lower consumption of
fruits and vegetables and greater consumption
of high-calorie snacks and drinks (HAMRIK
et al. al., 2014; HOBBS et al., 2014).
Faced with the proliferation of technology
use in the daily lives of families for different
purposes, such as work, entertainment,
communication and personal organization,
children grow up familiar with computers, the
internet, video games, tablets and cell phones,
using them to play, learn and communicate.
Furthermore,thenewteachingmethodologies
that largely involve the use of electronic
and virtual technologies corroborate for the
digital language to be part of these children’s
lives, and may even change their thinking and
behavior patterns. This is because the stimuli
to explore a real three-dimensional world
that used to drive development are currently
being replaced by electronic/virtual stimuli
(PRENSKY, 2001).
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International Journal of Health Science ISSN 2764-0159 DOI 10.22533/at.ed.1593462328065
Consequently, many adverse effects of
screen exposure, in addition to sedentary
lifestyle and obesity, have been documented,
suchasincreasedcardiovascularrisk(JINGJIE
et al., 2022), neurodevelopmental disorders,
such as in language and cognitive capacity,
behavioral disorders ( ZIMMERMAN;
CHRISTAKIS, 2007), sleep disorders
(JOHNSON et al., 2004), and electronics
and internet addiction disorder (BRAND;
YOUNG; LAIER, 2014). In addition, the
increased use of screens promotes a reduction
in interaction between children/adolescents
and their caregivers, which favors poorer
family functioning.
Considering these aspects, the present
study aimed to investigate the influence
of screen time on the body composition
of children and adolescents. A greater
understanding of these variables is necessary
to define the long-term repercussions of
excessive screen time on the development and
growth of children and adolescents, since this
knowledge is fundamental for the elaboration
of efficient health promotion measures. of
these individuals.
MATERIALS AND METHOD
A narrative review was performed,
adopting the norms of the PRISMA protocol
(MOHER et al., 2015), as a methodological
basis to attribute quality to this study. The
PubMed electronic database was used. The
descriptors searched on the DeCS platform
were: “Sedentary Behavior”, “Obesity”, “Screen
Time”, “Child” and “Adolescent”. The filter that
selected only studies published from 2012
onwards was used in the search.
Articles written in English and Portuguese
published in the last 10 years, which analyzed
the association between screen time (TV,
cell phone, tablet, video game), sedentary
behavior and obesity in children and
adolescents (between 5 and 19 years old) were
included. Studies with individuals under 5
years of age (preschoolers) and over 19 years
of age (adults) were excluded; studies not
available in full; duplicate articles; scientific
notes and abstracts; representative samples
of the indigenous population and of only one
of the sexes; sample containing subjects with
other diseases in addition to obesity; studies
that have not been written in English or
Portuguese.
RESULTS
SEARCH DESCRIPTION
Initially, 543 studies were found in
PubMed. After excluding duplicates, 388
studies were analyzed, according to their titles
and abstracts, eliminating those that did not
meet the previously established exclusion
criteria. Finally, after reading in full and
subsequent evaluation of the 168 remaining
studies, 34 articles were selected as eligible to
compose the sample of this review. The flow of
information and reasons for deleting articles
are summarized in figure 1.
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE
SAMPLES
The 34 articles include mostly cross-
sectional studies (28), five longitudinal cohort
studiesandonerandomizedcontrolledclinical
trial, all published from 2012 to 2021. A total
sample of 162,967 individuals between 05 and
19 years of age from 25 different nations were
studied.
EVALUATED PARAMETERS
The reviewed studies evaluated the
association between screen time and body
composition. In turn, the synthesis of peer-
reviewedevidencewascarriedoutbygrouping
these studies according to parameters that
gave them similarities.
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International Journal of Health Science ISSN 2764-0159 DOI 10.22533/at.ed.1593462328065
Figure 1: Flowchart of the study selection process
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International Journal of Health Science ISSN 2764-0159 DOI 10.22533/at.ed.1593462328065
Body composition
The Body Mass Index (BMI) was the
main measure used in the reviewed studies,
which is a tool to classify adiposity outcomes
(overweight/obesity) in 32 studies. In addition
to BMI, six (06) studies used Abdominal
Circumference to calculate the Waist-to-
Height Ratio (WHR), adopted as a measure
of central obesity. The Fat Percentage, in turn,
was adopted in seven (07) studies. Castro,
Nunes and Silva (2016) exclusively used the
abdominal perimeter as a way to measure
Abdominal Obesity, while Xue et al. (2016)
used only the Percentage of Fat.
Sedentary Behavior
Sedentary behavior was objectively
measured using accelerometers or pedometers
in 12 studies analyzed. In other studies,
sedentary lifestyle was measured subjectively
through self-report questionnaires or
answered by parents/guardians and interviews
with participants. The main types of sedentary
behavior subjectively computed were screen
time (time spent watching TV, using the
computer and video games) and time without
screen, such as time devoted to reading,
homework and other forms of physical
inactivity. The data collected demonstrate
that a significant number of children and
adolescents are exposed to screens for a much
longer time than that recommended by the
Brazilian Society of Pediatrics (2019) and
other health bodies.
Most of the data found showed that longer
durations of screen time were significantly
associated with overweight and obesity, while
the reduction of this sedentary behavior
was significantly associated with favorable
body composition. In five (05) studies,
significant associations between screen time
and body composition were not observed
in all age groups, sex groups, ethnic groups
and geographic locations. In the findings by
Tanaka et al. (2018), greater screen time was
associatedwithincreasedrelativebodyweight,
however changes in screen time were not
associated with changes in body weight. Lee
et al. (2014) showed significant associations
between screen time and BMI z-score for age,
however such association was not observed in
relation to BMI and fat percentage. Six (06)
studies reported null associations between
these variables.
Among the observational studies, 17
evaluated the interference of adherence to the
recommendation of the 24-hour Movement
Guidelines regarding the performance of
physical activities of moderate to vigorous
intensity for at least 60 minutes a day under
the other variables (TREMBLAY et al., 2016).
Of these studies, 13 showed that regardless of
adherence to the PA recommendation, screen
time has a positive effect on unfavorable body
composition. Herman et al. (2015) and Cureau
et al. (2018) did not study screen time and PA
separately. Gornicka et al. (2020) showed that
adolescents with an inactive pattern (high
screentimeassociatedwithphysicalinactivity)
were four times more likely to be generally
overweight, but not after adjusting for fitness
for physical activity. Zhu et al. (2020), in
turn, demonstrated that adherence to the
recommendation of the 24-hour Movement
Guidelines on screen time (limit of two hours
per day) alone does not reduce the chances of
being overweight. Finally, the clinical study
Maddison et al. (2014) demonstrated that
the home intervention to reduce screen time
in overweight and obese adolescents had
no significant effect on physical activity of
moderate to vigorous intensity and BMI.
Fourteen (14) studies measured the
amount of time harmful to body composition,
so that greater exposure to electronic devices
was significantly associated with unfavorable
body composition when this time exceeds one
hour (1/14), two hours (8/14), three hours
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International Journal of Health Science ISSN 2764-0159 DOI 10.22533/at.ed.1593462328065
(2/14) and four hours (3/14) per day.
Food Standard
In 12 analyzed studies, the use of electronic
devices and media was also evaluated in
terms of their influence on the adoption
of an unhealthy eating pattern as a causal
factor for inadequate body composition
in children and adolescents. Most of the
methods adopted did not use eating habits as
a dependent variable in their research, but as
a potential correlation factor between screen
time and body composition and, in general,
the outcome of these studies demonstrated
that the particularly relevant relationship
between longer screen time and screen and
adoption of bad eating habits. Cameron et
al. (2016) examined the possibility that the
relationship between screen time and BMI in
overweight individuals was mediated by total
energy intake (calories) and macronutrient
consumption. It was then observed that
higher levels of carbohydrate intake, but not
fat or protein, significantly mediated the
relationship between screen time and z-BMI
and that reducing screen time can reduce
food intake and help to promote adherence
to the diet necessary for weight control. In
turn, Nuutinen et al. (2017) did not assess
screen time alone, only in conjunction with
the proportion of fast food and fruit and
vegetable intake. In this case, consuming an
excessive amount of processed foods and a
reduced amount of natural foods was used as
a parameter of an unhealthy lifestyle, which,
associated with screen time, demonstrated
a positive relationship with the risk of
overweight/obesity in girls. Finally, Cureau
et al. (2018) jointly analyzed screen time,
moderate-to-vigorous PA, low fiber intake
in the diet, and alcohol consumption in
adolescents. The combination of more screen
time and low fiber intake was associated
with overweight and general obesity and
abdominal obesity.
Other parameters
In addition to sedentary behavior,
some studies have evaluated other health
parameters that, in association with screen
time, could lead to overweight. Nine studies
evaluated quality and sleep time as covariates,
however, they did not aim to observe a causal
relationship between screen time and sleep
characteristics. In this sense, Dumuid et al.
(2018), Jakubec et al. (2020) and Zhu et al.
(2020) examined the association between
the adoption of the “24-hours Movement
Guideline” recommendations on time
and sleep quality. The recommendation
establishes as healthy an uninterrupted sleep
of 9 to 11 hours a day for children and 8 to
10 hours a day for adolescents. These studies
were consistent in showing better indicators
of body composition in participants who met
both screen time and sleep recommendations,
compared to those who did not meet either
recommendation.
Kristiansen et al. (2013) and Castro,
Nunes and Silva (2016) evaluated schooling
of mothers of adolescents, screen time and
overweight/obesity. The first study showed
that the higher education of the parents/
guardians, the less screen time, the greater the
practice of sports, the greater the consumption
of more fruits and vegetables, the lower intake
of sweets, soft drinks and fast food, and the
greater regularity of children’s meals and
evaluated adolescents. In Castro, Nunes and
Silva (2016), Brazilian adolescents whose
mothers had less than eight years of schooling
were less likely to have abdominal obesity.
Graff, North and Richardson (2013)
evaluated screen time and the risk of
unfavorablebodycompositioninpatientswith
a genetic predisposition to overweight and
obesity established through the presentation
of 41 genes related to these conditions. For
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International Journal of Health Science ISSN 2764-0159 DOI 10.22533/at.ed.1593462328065
only two established obesity loci, evidence
was found that high levels of screen time
influence BMI. Herman et al. (2014), Herman
et al. (2015) and LeBlanc et al. (2015) took this
heredity into account by assessing the body
composition of the biological parents of the
individuals studied.
DISCUSSION
The increasing technological quality
of digital media devices offers its users an
increasingly vivid digital environment. Above
all, children and adolescents find it very easy
to adapt to these new technologies, which
makes them become tools that are strongly
present in their routines. In this context, there
is a growing volume of content in the literature
that associates excessive screen time with
adverse consequences for physical health.
However, the effect of increased access
to mobile devices and social networks is
apparently still not well understood, possibly
due to the fact that this is a new context,
which in turn is constantly changing, both
in pace and content. By critically evaluating
and synthesizing evidence from individual
studies, this narrative review updates the
current literature and aims to fill knowledge
gaps regarding the impact of excessive screen
time on overweight and obesity in children
and adolescents. For this purpose, a variety
of health indicators on body composition,
sedentary behavior and the dietary pattern
of the participants were evaluated. BMI was
the most used adiposity parameter in the
reviewed studies.
Most of the reviewed studies found some
significant effect of positive association
between longer durations of exposure to
screens and inappropriate body composition.
Concomitantly,thereductionofthissedentary
behavior was associated with the prevention
of overweight and obesity. However, the
methodologies used by these studies do not
make it possible to establish a cause and effect
relationship between these variables. In part
of the studies, the association in question
was observed only in part of the groups of
samples studied. It was noted by Górnicka et
al. (2020) that female adolescents, living in the
urban region and with a lower socioeconomic
standard were more inactive and had a higher
probability of obesity. On the other hand, for
Vasconcellos, Anjos and Vasconcellos (2013),
boys were more influenced by screen time on
this condition.
The systematic review by Biddle,
Bengoechea and Wiesner (2017) also gathered
mixed evidence on the association studied
here. In disagreement with the results found
in the studies analyzed in this review, small
associations were reported for screen time
and adiposity. These same authors also found
that studies using objective accelerometer
measurements to quantify sedentary behavior
produced null associations. Finally, as we
verified, they concluded that there is no
evidence of a causal association between
sedentary behavior and adiposity in children
and adolescents, although there is a small
dose-response association.
In this sense, 14 studies observed in their
results the number of screen hours that would
be necessary to produce an unfavorable
adiposity outcome. For Vasconcelos, Anjos
and Vasconcellos (2013) and Górnicka et al.
(2020), screen time must exceed four (04)
hours daily for the presentation of the same
outcome, while for Mwaikambo et al. (2015)
the use of computers and video games for
more than six (06) hours per week was enough
to increase the risk of overweight and obesity.
According to Wilkie et al. (2016), children
who met the screen time guidelines for less
than or equal to two hours a day had a mean
BMI z-score approximately 0.30 units lower
than those who did not respect this guideline.
As for Noonan et al. (2019), children had an
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unfavorable body composition outcome when
screen time was greater than 3 hours a day.
The interference of other parameters in
the studied association was widely adopted by
the studied literature. The practice of physical
activities and dietary patterns were the two
possible mediators observed. In 13 of the 17
studies in which it was used as a variable,
adherence to the MVPA recommendation did
not influence the positive effect that screen
time has on inadequate body composition.
Inactive children or active children who
accumulate more than four daily hours of
screen time are equally likely to develop
overweight/obesity,accordingtoHermanetal.
(2015). On the other hand, in Górnicka et al.
(2020), after beginning the practice of MVPA,
this pattern was no longer observed. Despite
this, this last study noted that adolescents
with an inactive/sedentary pattern were about
four times more likely to be overweight than
active/non-sedentary ones. Furthermore, the
use of electronic devices and media has an
important influence on the adoption of an
unhealthy eating pattern as a causal factor
for overweight and obesity in children and
adolescents, as demonstrated by Christofaro
et al. (2015) and Wijnhoven et al. (2015).
For Cameron et al. (2016), reducing screen
time can decrease food intake and increase
adherence to a more adequate diet.
The opposition of the results of the pair of
articles that studied the influence of maternal
education as a covariate was interpreted as
a possible reflection of the disparity in the
Human Development Index (HDI) of the
countries in which each of them was carried
out. This development parameter is based
on three indicators: health, education and
per capita income. The Norwegian study
Kristiansen et al. (2013) was held in the second
most developed country in the world in 2022,
while Castro, Nunes e Silva (2016) took place
in Brazil, a nation that occupies the 87th place
in the HDI ranking of 2022 (PROGRAM
UNITED NATIONS FOR DEVELOPMENT,
2022). According to data available at The Word
Bank, in addition to the fact that Norwegian
per capita income is considerably higher than
that of Brazil, social disparities in Norway
are significantly smaller according to the
Gini Coefficient. Thus, although Norwegian
families have wide access to electronic devices
and the internet, the quality of the education
andhealthservicestheyhaveaccesstoprovides
them with the necessary knowledge about the
harmful effects of exposure to screens, which
translates into greater adherence to health
recommendations on the use of screens. On
the other hand, the level of education among
Brazilians is associated, in an important way,
with their purchasing power. In a country
with significant socioeconomic inequality and
important gaps in health and education, such
as Brazil, high purchasing power guarantees
access to screens, but does not guarantee
awareness of the harm caused by their
indiscriminate use. This analysis is possibly
reflected in the fact that higher maternal
education is associated with an unfavorable
outcome between screen time and adiposity
in Brazil, and on the contrary in Norway.
Other covariates used were sleep quality and
time and genetic predispositions, which the
understanding of their mediations on the
association between them and the dependent
variables was imprecise.
All reviewed studies had their data
collected prior to the declaration of the World
Health Organization (2020) on the pandemic
status of COVID-19 and the recommendation
of social isolation. However, it is considered
pertinent to reflect on the impact of this event
on the screen time of children and adolescents
around the world. Only Hadianfard et al. 2021
raised, in its discussion, the impact of changes
in sedentary behaviors resulting from social
isolation during this pandemic. The data
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collected by studies involving the prevalence
of excessive screen time and its consequences
during and after this important health event
will be extremely important, especially due to
the increased adherence to unhealthy lifestyles
by children and adolescents and the need to of
health interventions in this sense.
In this narrative review, the exclusion and
inclusion criteria for articles were explicitly
specified with the aim of minimizing study
selection bias. However, the heterogeneity of
the studies, as well as the methodologies used,
the covariates studied and the sample size,
prevented the use of systematic and explicit
methods for evaluating the results, leading to
the subjectivity of their interpretations. Most
of the reviewed studies were cross-sectional,
which makes it more difficult to establish
causal interference between variables.
Another limitation was the use of only one
database (PubMed), which reduced the scope
of the selected studies.
Collectively, the findings of the present
review, in different strengths of scientific
evidence, indicate an association between
excessive screen time and inadequate
composition in the age group studied.
However, the effect of screen time on adiposity
remains undetermined due to contradictory
findings and the small number of studies on
the subject. Although the present work cannot
be strictly reproducible, we understand the
importance of encouraging an increase in
scientific production on the subject and,
subsequently, enabling the use of greater
scientific rigor in the interpretation of these
data.
CONCLUSION
Through this study, it was possible to
observe that prolonged exposure to screens
by children and adolescents significantly
influences the reduction of time devoted
to physical activity and the development of
unhealthy eating habits. However, the strength
of the association between screen time and
overweight/obesity is still poorly understood.
However, the search for improving the
information collected here is of paramount
importance in the basis of decisions about
combating sedentary behavior related to
prolonged use of screens, in order to promote
the prevention of overweight and obesity in
children and adolescents.
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