Objective To assess prevalence of obesity in adolescents of selected schools of Jalandhar, Punjab, to assess Obesity determinants in adolescents of selected schools of alandhar, Punjab, To find out the association between the findings of the study and the selected demographic variables, and In a view to prepare a pamphlet on prevention of obesity. Methodology A cross sectional pilot study was conducted in corporate school of Jalandhar, Punjab and school children aged between13 years to 15 years of age were recruited by purposive random sampling method. Children with physical limitations, mental disability or children undergoing any form of clinical therapy were not included in this study. Anthropometric assessment was done and data were analyzed models using SPSS P value less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results The WHO BMI chart was used to calculate BMI of adolescents. Among 47 participants the prevalence of obesity was 4.2 and 17.02 were overweight, 60 were under weight and 19 were healthy. Based on the sex 7.40 males were having prevalence of obesity , 22.22 males and 11.11 females were having over weight.. The demographic variables revealed that, 57 of participants were from 15 yrs age group, 26 were of 14 yrs age group and the lowest 17 of them were 13 yrs old. Determinants which contribute prevalence of obesity reveal that, there is a significant association between selected socio demographic variables with sedentary behavior P value at 0.001 level which shows highly significant. There is a highly significant association between level of obesity with selected demographic variables in areas like obesity, mothers qualification and family history of obesity at P 0.001, P 0.05 levels. Prof. M. Chinna Devi ""A Pilot Study on Prevalence of Obesity and its Determinants among Adolescents in Schools of Jalandhar, Punjab"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23825.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/23825/a-pilot-study-on-prevalence-of-obesity-and-its-determinants-among-adolescents-in-schools-of-jalandhar-punjab/prof-m-chinna-devi
An assessment of adolescent eating habits in public schools of chak shahzad, ...Zubia Qureshi
Abstract: Eating patterns influence the nutritional status, health, learning process and academic performance of the school children. This study was conducted to explore the food availability at school canteens and food intake by adolescents in break period. A cross sectional study was conducted on 290 adolescents (145 were girls and 145 boys) of 6th, 7th and 8th grade from public schools of Chak Shahzad, Islamabad. Pre-structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Chi square / fisher exact test was done by using SPSS to check the association. The mean age of adolescents was 12.6 ± 1.33 years. They were reported normal, underweight, overweight and obese as 176 (60.7%), 79 (27.2%), 27 (9.3%) and 9 (2.8%) respectively. Nutritional status was significantly related with gender, age and grade of adolescents with p-value <0.05. Response showed that 199 (68.6%) adolescents prefer canteen food during break time, and 66 (22.8%) give preference to homemade lunch. Few of them 25 (8.6%) take fruits in school break time. About (24.8%) took drink with lunch which were juices 30 (10.3%), milk/milk shake 14 (5.9%), carbonated drinks 6 (2.1%), and tea/coffee 13 (4.5%). Consumption of carbohydrates, protein, fruits, vegetables, and dairy products was found as 64 (22.1%), 26 (0.9%), 32 (11%), 4 (1.4%) and 1 (0.3%) respectively in adolescents who brought their lunch from home. Around 49% of students were not satisfied with food provided on their school canteens. Availability of food items on school canteens and overall eating pattern of adolescents is not satisfactory. There is a need of school canteen guidelines/policy and nutritional education to canteen staff and pupils.
Keywords: School Canteen, Pakistan, Eating Habits, Adolescents
The school age period is nutritionally
significant because this is the prime time to build up body
stores of nutrients in preparation for rapid growth of
adolescence.1 Malnutrition remains the world’s most
serious health problem and the single biggest contributor to
child mortality, nearly one third of the children in the
developing world are either underweight or stunted and
more than 30% of the developing world’s population suffer
from micronutrient deficiencies. However the data available
from urban slums of Hyderabad in this age group is very
sparse and hence an attempt has been made to study the
same.
ABSTRACT- The rising incidence of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents has become a cause of concern for India. Overweight/Obesity is an independent risk factor of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) but it needs to be addressed seriously. Research has shown that modifiable and environmental factors along with genetics triggers the risk of cardiovascular diseases quite early in childhood threatening the health prospects of adults. It is crucial to address the causes of overweight/obesity like physical inactivity, unhealthy eating, lack of knowledge and awareness and impact of media and advertising. Clustering of cardiovascular risk factors like high blood pressure, hyperglycemia, abdominal obesity, high triglycerides in children and adolescents is an alarming sign. In order to dodge this serious public health crisis in near future we need to curb the prevailing risk factors of overweight/obesity. A holistic approach to tackle the obesity epidemic with an array of activities from policy making to program implementation, community education to individual knowledge and skill development is required. We need to promote healthy eating and lifestyle modifications in childhood and adolescents to prevent CVD risk in adulthood. Key-words- Adolescents, Obesity, Overweight, Cardiovascular Diseases
Significance of Health Education among Adolescent GirlsQUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: Adolescence is the period of storm and stress due to rapid changes in various aspects of growth. It is the most challenging phase of development especially in the physiological aspect. Awareness on growth and development among adolescent girls is essential to build a healthy personality. It helps to prevent them from unhealthy lifestyles and teenage pregnancy. The present study focuses on analyzing the level of awareness among adolescent girls about the major physical changes like menstruation and reproduction. The sample consists of 100 adolescent girls from government and aided schools of Kerala. The study found that the awareness related to menstruation is satisfactory. But the awareness related to sex is at below average level. Thus the study highlights the need of health education among adolescents with more focus on sex education.
An assessment of adolescent eating habits in public schools of chak shahzad, ...Zubia Qureshi
Abstract: Eating patterns influence the nutritional status, health, learning process and academic performance of the school children. This study was conducted to explore the food availability at school canteens and food intake by adolescents in break period. A cross sectional study was conducted on 290 adolescents (145 were girls and 145 boys) of 6th, 7th and 8th grade from public schools of Chak Shahzad, Islamabad. Pre-structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Chi square / fisher exact test was done by using SPSS to check the association. The mean age of adolescents was 12.6 ± 1.33 years. They were reported normal, underweight, overweight and obese as 176 (60.7%), 79 (27.2%), 27 (9.3%) and 9 (2.8%) respectively. Nutritional status was significantly related with gender, age and grade of adolescents with p-value <0.05. Response showed that 199 (68.6%) adolescents prefer canteen food during break time, and 66 (22.8%) give preference to homemade lunch. Few of them 25 (8.6%) take fruits in school break time. About (24.8%) took drink with lunch which were juices 30 (10.3%), milk/milk shake 14 (5.9%), carbonated drinks 6 (2.1%), and tea/coffee 13 (4.5%). Consumption of carbohydrates, protein, fruits, vegetables, and dairy products was found as 64 (22.1%), 26 (0.9%), 32 (11%), 4 (1.4%) and 1 (0.3%) respectively in adolescents who brought their lunch from home. Around 49% of students were not satisfied with food provided on their school canteens. Availability of food items on school canteens and overall eating pattern of adolescents is not satisfactory. There is a need of school canteen guidelines/policy and nutritional education to canteen staff and pupils.
Keywords: School Canteen, Pakistan, Eating Habits, Adolescents
The school age period is nutritionally
significant because this is the prime time to build up body
stores of nutrients in preparation for rapid growth of
adolescence.1 Malnutrition remains the world’s most
serious health problem and the single biggest contributor to
child mortality, nearly one third of the children in the
developing world are either underweight or stunted and
more than 30% of the developing world’s population suffer
from micronutrient deficiencies. However the data available
from urban slums of Hyderabad in this age group is very
sparse and hence an attempt has been made to study the
same.
ABSTRACT- The rising incidence of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents has become a cause of concern for India. Overweight/Obesity is an independent risk factor of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) but it needs to be addressed seriously. Research has shown that modifiable and environmental factors along with genetics triggers the risk of cardiovascular diseases quite early in childhood threatening the health prospects of adults. It is crucial to address the causes of overweight/obesity like physical inactivity, unhealthy eating, lack of knowledge and awareness and impact of media and advertising. Clustering of cardiovascular risk factors like high blood pressure, hyperglycemia, abdominal obesity, high triglycerides in children and adolescents is an alarming sign. In order to dodge this serious public health crisis in near future we need to curb the prevailing risk factors of overweight/obesity. A holistic approach to tackle the obesity epidemic with an array of activities from policy making to program implementation, community education to individual knowledge and skill development is required. We need to promote healthy eating and lifestyle modifications in childhood and adolescents to prevent CVD risk in adulthood. Key-words- Adolescents, Obesity, Overweight, Cardiovascular Diseases
Significance of Health Education among Adolescent GirlsQUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: Adolescence is the period of storm and stress due to rapid changes in various aspects of growth. It is the most challenging phase of development especially in the physiological aspect. Awareness on growth and development among adolescent girls is essential to build a healthy personality. It helps to prevent them from unhealthy lifestyles and teenage pregnancy. The present study focuses on analyzing the level of awareness among adolescent girls about the major physical changes like menstruation and reproduction. The sample consists of 100 adolescent girls from government and aided schools of Kerala. The study found that the awareness related to menstruation is satisfactory. But the awareness related to sex is at below average level. Thus the study highlights the need of health education among adolescents with more focus on sex education.
Factors contributing to malnutrition among HIV positive children aged between...iosrjce
The objective of the study was to identify factors contributing to malnutrition among HIV positive
children aged between 6 and 60 months. The study utilized a non experimental descriptive design. It was a
hospital based study conducted at Parirenyatwa Group of Hospital pediatric wards. A total of 30 children and
30 caregivers were recruited through convenience sampling. The children had a confirmed diagnosis of
malnutrition, confirmed HIV positive, aged between 6 and 60 months and had to have a present caregiver
during data collection. There were no dropouts. The main outcome measure were anthropometric measurements
of the children namely; height, weight and mid upper arm circumference and the various stressors contributing
to malnutrition. Twenty-two (73.33%) children were males and 8 (26.66%) were females. Contributing factors
to malnutrition identified were presence other illnesses such as diarrhea, pneumonia, tuberculosis and
kwashiorkor, 19 (63.33%), low socioeconomic status (earned less than USD$100 dollars per month), 16
(53.33%), coming from a family with more than 5 dependants 11 (36.67%), not being on ART 15 (50%), and
birth weight below or equal to 2500g 6 (20%). The major contributing factors to malnutrition were
extrapersonal stressors (54.83) interpersonal stressors (30.28%) and intrapersonal stressors (29.76%).
Abstract—Adolescents are the future resources for any country to progress and prosper. According to Census 2001, in India, adolescent constitute one-fifth of the total population. Adolescent AGs are one of the important segments of the population for they are the future mother whose nutritional status affects that of the newborn baby. Anemia being a major public health problem among adolescent girls, a study was conducted with the objective to determine the socio-demographic correlates of anemia among girls. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 467 adolescent AGs in Ahmadabad city during May 2011 to august 2012 in Adolescent Friendly Health Services clinics. Results: Prevalence of anemia among adolescent girls was 85.9%. Highest prevalence was observed during mid-adolescence phase. As the age of girls increases, Hemoglobin tends to get on the lower side. A statistically significant association was observed between anemia and nutritional status. No association was observed between anemia and religion, birth order, type of -family, education of parents and occupation of parents. Conclusion: Association between anemia and under-nutrition has been reported earlier in numerous studies; however present study highlights the fact that it is not common to have anemia among girls who are over nourished or obese. Hence, special efforts should be made to address this issue among girls by doing dietary modifications.
An Assessment of Birth Control Measures Among Women in Reproductive Age of Ka...ijtsrd
The present study was an attempt to assess the impact of age on attitude of married women regarding family planning and birth control measures and to find the level of adoption and impact of birth control measures adopted by married women of different age groups in Kashmir. The sample was selected through random sampling technique. For the sample, 400 married women were selected from different age groups. The sample was collected with the help of readymade scale namely, "Family planning and birth control scale" constructed by Ramachandrapa (1989) and self constructed questionnaire. The study shows medium level of impact of family planning and birth control measures is mostly on women 41-50 years. A considerable section of women in the age group of 35-40 years have also shown high impact and adoption of family planning and birth control measures. Majority of women in the age group of 18-29 years have shown medium level of adoption of family planning and birth control measures. Suriya Gowhar | Dr. Muzamil Jan"An Assessment of Birth Control Measures Among Women in Reproductive Age of Kashmir" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-5 , August 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd15726.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/home-science/extension-education/15726/an-assessment-of-birth-control-measures-among-women-in-reproductive-age-of-kashmir/suriya-gowhar
Prevalence of iron deficiency anemia among adolescent girls and its risk fact...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
—Reproductive health development depends on the menstrual hygiene in adolescence. Half of all mental health disorders in adulthood start during adolescence. Drug, alcohol and tobacco use is major concern in this group. The present study was conducted to study the reproductive health, mental health and various addictions in urban adolescents. This cross sectional study was conducted among 506 adolescents from standard 9 th and 10 th in a high school in Margao city of South Goa district in year 2015. Study participants were sampled by census method and interviewed by using a pretested, structured questionnaire. The mean age of study participants i.e. in girls it was 16.30 years & in boys it was observed 16.43 years. 85.4% of the study participants experienced one of the feelings of being anxious, sad, irritable or stressed, 74.4% of the study participants experienced feelings suggestive of psychosomatic disorder and 48.4% participants felt they were good for nothing. 58.1% had normal cycles of 21-35 days while 30.7% and 11.2% of the girls had cycles of < 21 days & 36-60 days respectively. 49.2% experienced mild symptoms of dysmenorrhoea, equal percentage experienced moderate symptoms and 1.6% experienced severe dysmenorrhoea. 40.4% had curdy white vaginal discharge, 5.5% had greenish yellow discharge and 19.8% had blood stained vaginal discharge. 5.5% of the adolescents smoked.1.2% of the participants chewed Gutkha. 26.5% had consumed alcohol & 3.8% had tried drugs. The study shows that adolescents face various problems which need to be addressed.
The negative impacts of adolescent sexuality problems among secondary school ...lukeman Joseph Ade shittu
This study was conducted to focus on the negative health outcomes related to sexual behaviour in adolescents and young adults attending public school in the Oworonshoki region of Lagos, Nigeria, Africa. Since, there is a relative dearth of knowledge on adolescents who face unique and challenging economics, health and education problems in our society. Data on the socio-demographic characteristics, prevalence and knowledge towards STD including HIV/AIDS, prevalence of sexual abuse practice/sexual behaviour, family planning awareness and acceptance including abortion practice were sorted out using self structured questionnaires and administered to 60% of student’s population using a stratified random sampling technique. 55.8% lived with both parents. While, 50.3% of the mothers had basic secondary school qualifications, 72.4% of them are traders. 61.5% had sex education were from misinformed friends/peers while 51% had no basic knowledge about sexual behavioral practice and attitude towards STDs/AIDS (HIV). STD has a prevalence of 34 and 41% of boys used condoms for preventing STI/HIV transmission and unwanted pregnancies. One out of every five sexually active teenagers has experienced forced sex, especially among the circumcised girls who were more sexually active than the uncircumcised girls. 60% of girls between ages of 12 and 18 years had more than one unsafe abortion with severe vaginal bleeding (haemorrhage) as the chief complication. However, 65% of the girls did abortion for fear of leaving school and financial hardship as the reasons.
ABSTRACT- Background: Malnutrition constitutes a major public health concern worldwide and serves as an indicator
of hospitalized patient’s prognosis. Nutritional support is an essential aspect of the clinical management of children
admitted to hospital. Malnutrition has been long associated with poor quality, poor diet and inadequate access to health
care, and it remains a key global health issue that both stems from and contributes to weakness, with 50% of childhood
deaths due to principal under nutrition.
Methods: The present hospital based cross sectional study was conducted in April to Dec 2015 among 300 rural
adolescents of 9-18 years age (146 boys and 154 girls) attending the outpatient department at Patna Medical College and
Hospital, Bihar, India, belonging to the all caste communities. The nutritional status was assessed in terms of under
nutrition (weight-for-age below 3rd percentile), stunting (Height-for-age below 3rd percentile) and thinness (BMI-for-age
below 5th percentile). Diseases were accepted as such as diagnosed by pediatrician, skin specialist and medical officer.
Results: The prevalence of underweight, stunting and thinness were found to be 31%, 22.3% and 30.7% respectively. The
maximum prevalence of malnutrition was observed among early adolescents (23% - 54%) and the most common
morbidities were diarrhoea (16.7%), carbuncle / furuncle (16.7%) and scabies (12%).
Conclusion: Malnutrition among hospitalized under five children and around suffers moderately high rates of
malnutrition. Present nutrition programs attention on education for at risk children and referral to regional hospitals for
malnourished children. Screening tools to classify children at risk of developing malnutrition might be helpful.
Key-words- Malnutrition, Hospitalized children, Morbidities, Prevalence, Stunting
Abstract—Obesity is the major global nutrition concern. Modernisation and urbanisation have led to changes in dietary and lifestyle factors which are contributing to the increased prevalence of overweight and obesity.
Objective: To find out various life style risk factors for obesity among school children of affluent families aged 10-18 years in Jaipur city.
Methods: A cross-sectional study in ten randomly selected schools of Jaipur city with tuition fee > 18000 ₹/year was conducted from July 2012 to April 2013. 1610 students of class V to XII were included and their detailed life style history with anthropometric measurements was recorded after their informed written consent. Indian Academy of Pediatrics' growth Monitoring Guidelines for children from birth to 18 years was followed for defining and classifying obesity.
Result: 364 (22.61%) participants were found obese/overweight. Watching television during meals, frequency of main meals outside home per month, frequency of snacks outside home per week and duration of television/ computer watching per day were found significant predictors of overweight/ obesity on binary multivariate logistic regression method.
Conclusion: The present study highlights childhood overweight/obesity is an emerging health problem (22.61%) and lifestyle factors are important risk for it.
Eating habits and nutritional status among adolescent school girls: an experi...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
The purpose of this research was to investigate the students' attitude and consciousness degree regarding the pregnancy health in 2013 in Eastern-Azerbaijan Province. So, 300 students in different semesters have been taken up as accidentally from Tabriz, Marand, Bonab, Maragheh and Ahar have been taken up in this study. The WHO illustrative questionnaire for interview-questionnaire designed by John Cleland surveys with young people has been applied in this study. The statistical data has been completed by the help of SPSS software and descriptive and t-test statistical cases. The results showed the attitude score from the family adjustment is significantly higher than the determined degree positively. The results showed the sexual diseases are significantly higher than the fixed determined degree positively. Also it showed there is no observed any significant difference between the degree of the conscious and the students' attitude based on their marital status The results did not show any significant difference regarding the degree of the attitude among students.
School health guidelines to promote healthy eating and Physical ActivityAdonisGoldenRatioSystems
This report describes school health guidelines for promoting healthy eating and physical activity, including coordination of school policies and practices.
supportive environments; school nutrition services. physical education and physical activity programs; health education; health, mental health, and social services; family and community involvement; school employee wellness; and professional development for school staff members.
These guidelines, developed in collaboration with specialists from universities and from national, federal, state, local, and voluntary agencies and organizations, are based on an in-depth review of research, theory, and best practices in healthy eating and physical activity promotion in school health, public health, and education. Because every guideline might not be appropriate or feasible for every school to implement, individual schools should determine which guidelines have the highest priority based on the needs of the school and available resources.
A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on Knowl...ijtsrd
Statement of problem “A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on Knowledge Regarding Prevention and Prevalence of Anemia among Adolescent Girls in A Selected areas.â€Material and Methods In the present study one group pre test and post test experimental descriptive research design is used to collect the sample from selected areas of Mohali of 100 adolescent girls. The sample is collected through purposive sampling technique. The data is collected by socio demographic questionnaire and self instructional module.Result Majority 58 58 of the adolescent girls had inadequate knowledge, 40 40 had moderate knowledge and 02 2 had adequate knowledge in pre test before administering structured teaching program. After getting structured teaching program, 15 15 of adolescent girls had moderate knowledge and 85 85 of adolescent girls had reported adequate knowledge. It is significantly shows that there is association between knowledge levels of adolescent girls regarding prevention and prevalence of anemia and demographic variables.Conclusion It was concluded that there is gain in knowledge after teaching program and there is significant association between level of knowledge and demographic variables. Ms. Deepti | Dr. Priyanka Chaudhary | Ms. Ramanpreet Kaur | Ms. P. Chitra "A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on Knowledge Regarding Prevention and Prevalence of Anemia among Adolescent Girls in Selected Areas" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-1 , December 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49097.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/49097/a-study-to-assess-the-effectiveness-of-structured-teaching-programme-on-knowledge-regarding-prevention-and-prevalence-of-anemia-among-adolescent-girls-in-selected-areas/ms-deepti
Running head PICOT STATEMENT 1PICOT STATEMENT 5.docxtoltonkendal
Running head: PICOT STATEMENT 1
PICOT STATEMENT 5
PICOT Statement: Childhood Obesity
P-I-C-O-T Statement
P- Patients who suffer from obesity (BMI of more than 30)
I- Undertaking nutritional education, diet, and exercise
C- Comparison to nutritional education, endoscopic bariatric surgical intervention
O- Improved health outcomes in terms of overall weight
T - A year’s time limit
PICOT Statement: Childhood Obesity
Introduction
Childhood obesity poses serious health problems in the US as the number of overweight and obese population increases at a rapid pace every year. The effects of this problem have arrested the attention of policymakers, societal members, and government agencies. This has resulted in ranking childhood obesity as a national health concern. The adverse impacts of this disease go beyond the health realms to include economic burden on both personal and national budgets. While there are numerous risk factors and various evidence-based interventions to address this challenge, no single approach is consistently efficacious in curbing the disease. Consequently, it is imperative that efficacious initiatives and policies be developed to address the never-ending problem of childhood obesity. Multidisciplinary approaches are often broad and cut across all dimensions of personal health problems. Instead of placing emphasis solely on biomedical models, health care professionals should also seek to promote behavior change among obesity patients and their family members. A PICOT statement can be utilized as an effective tool to seek interventions of addressing childhood obesity.
PICOT Statement
Population
In the US, obesity prevalence is highest among children aged from 6 to 11 years (Cheung et al. 2016). The disease has tripled among this age group from 4.2 percent to 15.3 percent from 1963 to 2012. In the last three decades, increased cases of obesity prevalence have been noted among children of all ages, although the differences in obesity prevalence have been recorded in terms of age, race, ethnicity, and gender (Cheung et al. 2016). In this respect, children from socioeconomically disadvantaged families and some racial and ethnic minorities experience the higher median score on obesity than the dominant white population. Higher obesity rates are often recorded among blacks and Hispanics compared to whites. For instance, a survey on girls in the Southwest revealed that the yearly cases of obesity stood at 4.5 percent among Blacks, 2 percent among Hispanics, and 0.7 percent among white girls aged from 13 to 17 years (Cheung et al. 2016). For low-income earners, American Indians rank highest at 6.3 percent, followed closely by Hispanics at 5.5 percent.
Intervention
Evidence-based interventions that seek to reduce childhood obesity incidences in the country should target two major areas: prevention and treatment. High-quality RCT has been proven as one of the most effective preventative ...
People in the age group of 24 to 39 years, who have been living in big metros or booming small towns, are at the risk of being obese, a recent study has suggested.The study puts an alarming 70 per cent of Indias urban population in the obese or overweight category. And, at risk is the generation that Facebooks rather than go over to meet friends, bonds over gaming sessions on Playstations or X boxes rather than play cricket or badminton, the study warns.The national capital faces the ignominy of being the obesity capital of the country, while Chandigarh shares the top spot with Delhi.While declining sex ratio has been a concern in the country for years, there is now a new worrying trend emerging in the cities. The number of obese women in urban areas has been on the rise. Every second member of the fairer sex falls into this category.And, for long, Indias young population has been touted as Indias USP in the globalised economy. However, it also seems to be hit by the severe problem of obesity. For, it is the 24 39 age group that is the worst affected.Why urban India Experts suggest obesity has to do with the lifestyle of the majority of the population in urban India. The urban populace has easy access to high calorie packaged foods such as burgers, chips and colas. Dr. Renu Durgapal "Obesity in Indian Youth" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-3 , April 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49756.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/49756/obesity-in-indian-youth/dr-renu-durgapal
Factors contributing to malnutrition among HIV positive children aged between...iosrjce
The objective of the study was to identify factors contributing to malnutrition among HIV positive
children aged between 6 and 60 months. The study utilized a non experimental descriptive design. It was a
hospital based study conducted at Parirenyatwa Group of Hospital pediatric wards. A total of 30 children and
30 caregivers were recruited through convenience sampling. The children had a confirmed diagnosis of
malnutrition, confirmed HIV positive, aged between 6 and 60 months and had to have a present caregiver
during data collection. There were no dropouts. The main outcome measure were anthropometric measurements
of the children namely; height, weight and mid upper arm circumference and the various stressors contributing
to malnutrition. Twenty-two (73.33%) children were males and 8 (26.66%) were females. Contributing factors
to malnutrition identified were presence other illnesses such as diarrhea, pneumonia, tuberculosis and
kwashiorkor, 19 (63.33%), low socioeconomic status (earned less than USD$100 dollars per month), 16
(53.33%), coming from a family with more than 5 dependants 11 (36.67%), not being on ART 15 (50%), and
birth weight below or equal to 2500g 6 (20%). The major contributing factors to malnutrition were
extrapersonal stressors (54.83) interpersonal stressors (30.28%) and intrapersonal stressors (29.76%).
Abstract—Adolescents are the future resources for any country to progress and prosper. According to Census 2001, in India, adolescent constitute one-fifth of the total population. Adolescent AGs are one of the important segments of the population for they are the future mother whose nutritional status affects that of the newborn baby. Anemia being a major public health problem among adolescent girls, a study was conducted with the objective to determine the socio-demographic correlates of anemia among girls. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 467 adolescent AGs in Ahmadabad city during May 2011 to august 2012 in Adolescent Friendly Health Services clinics. Results: Prevalence of anemia among adolescent girls was 85.9%. Highest prevalence was observed during mid-adolescence phase. As the age of girls increases, Hemoglobin tends to get on the lower side. A statistically significant association was observed between anemia and nutritional status. No association was observed between anemia and religion, birth order, type of -family, education of parents and occupation of parents. Conclusion: Association between anemia and under-nutrition has been reported earlier in numerous studies; however present study highlights the fact that it is not common to have anemia among girls who are over nourished or obese. Hence, special efforts should be made to address this issue among girls by doing dietary modifications.
An Assessment of Birth Control Measures Among Women in Reproductive Age of Ka...ijtsrd
The present study was an attempt to assess the impact of age on attitude of married women regarding family planning and birth control measures and to find the level of adoption and impact of birth control measures adopted by married women of different age groups in Kashmir. The sample was selected through random sampling technique. For the sample, 400 married women were selected from different age groups. The sample was collected with the help of readymade scale namely, "Family planning and birth control scale" constructed by Ramachandrapa (1989) and self constructed questionnaire. The study shows medium level of impact of family planning and birth control measures is mostly on women 41-50 years. A considerable section of women in the age group of 35-40 years have also shown high impact and adoption of family planning and birth control measures. Majority of women in the age group of 18-29 years have shown medium level of adoption of family planning and birth control measures. Suriya Gowhar | Dr. Muzamil Jan"An Assessment of Birth Control Measures Among Women in Reproductive Age of Kashmir" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-5 , August 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd15726.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/home-science/extension-education/15726/an-assessment-of-birth-control-measures-among-women-in-reproductive-age-of-kashmir/suriya-gowhar
Prevalence of iron deficiency anemia among adolescent girls and its risk fact...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
—Reproductive health development depends on the menstrual hygiene in adolescence. Half of all mental health disorders in adulthood start during adolescence. Drug, alcohol and tobacco use is major concern in this group. The present study was conducted to study the reproductive health, mental health and various addictions in urban adolescents. This cross sectional study was conducted among 506 adolescents from standard 9 th and 10 th in a high school in Margao city of South Goa district in year 2015. Study participants were sampled by census method and interviewed by using a pretested, structured questionnaire. The mean age of study participants i.e. in girls it was 16.30 years & in boys it was observed 16.43 years. 85.4% of the study participants experienced one of the feelings of being anxious, sad, irritable or stressed, 74.4% of the study participants experienced feelings suggestive of psychosomatic disorder and 48.4% participants felt they were good for nothing. 58.1% had normal cycles of 21-35 days while 30.7% and 11.2% of the girls had cycles of < 21 days & 36-60 days respectively. 49.2% experienced mild symptoms of dysmenorrhoea, equal percentage experienced moderate symptoms and 1.6% experienced severe dysmenorrhoea. 40.4% had curdy white vaginal discharge, 5.5% had greenish yellow discharge and 19.8% had blood stained vaginal discharge. 5.5% of the adolescents smoked.1.2% of the participants chewed Gutkha. 26.5% had consumed alcohol & 3.8% had tried drugs. The study shows that adolescents face various problems which need to be addressed.
The negative impacts of adolescent sexuality problems among secondary school ...lukeman Joseph Ade shittu
This study was conducted to focus on the negative health outcomes related to sexual behaviour in adolescents and young adults attending public school in the Oworonshoki region of Lagos, Nigeria, Africa. Since, there is a relative dearth of knowledge on adolescents who face unique and challenging economics, health and education problems in our society. Data on the socio-demographic characteristics, prevalence and knowledge towards STD including HIV/AIDS, prevalence of sexual abuse practice/sexual behaviour, family planning awareness and acceptance including abortion practice were sorted out using self structured questionnaires and administered to 60% of student’s population using a stratified random sampling technique. 55.8% lived with both parents. While, 50.3% of the mothers had basic secondary school qualifications, 72.4% of them are traders. 61.5% had sex education were from misinformed friends/peers while 51% had no basic knowledge about sexual behavioral practice and attitude towards STDs/AIDS (HIV). STD has a prevalence of 34 and 41% of boys used condoms for preventing STI/HIV transmission and unwanted pregnancies. One out of every five sexually active teenagers has experienced forced sex, especially among the circumcised girls who were more sexually active than the uncircumcised girls. 60% of girls between ages of 12 and 18 years had more than one unsafe abortion with severe vaginal bleeding (haemorrhage) as the chief complication. However, 65% of the girls did abortion for fear of leaving school and financial hardship as the reasons.
ABSTRACT- Background: Malnutrition constitutes a major public health concern worldwide and serves as an indicator
of hospitalized patient’s prognosis. Nutritional support is an essential aspect of the clinical management of children
admitted to hospital. Malnutrition has been long associated with poor quality, poor diet and inadequate access to health
care, and it remains a key global health issue that both stems from and contributes to weakness, with 50% of childhood
deaths due to principal under nutrition.
Methods: The present hospital based cross sectional study was conducted in April to Dec 2015 among 300 rural
adolescents of 9-18 years age (146 boys and 154 girls) attending the outpatient department at Patna Medical College and
Hospital, Bihar, India, belonging to the all caste communities. The nutritional status was assessed in terms of under
nutrition (weight-for-age below 3rd percentile), stunting (Height-for-age below 3rd percentile) and thinness (BMI-for-age
below 5th percentile). Diseases were accepted as such as diagnosed by pediatrician, skin specialist and medical officer.
Results: The prevalence of underweight, stunting and thinness were found to be 31%, 22.3% and 30.7% respectively. The
maximum prevalence of malnutrition was observed among early adolescents (23% - 54%) and the most common
morbidities were diarrhoea (16.7%), carbuncle / furuncle (16.7%) and scabies (12%).
Conclusion: Malnutrition among hospitalized under five children and around suffers moderately high rates of
malnutrition. Present nutrition programs attention on education for at risk children and referral to regional hospitals for
malnourished children. Screening tools to classify children at risk of developing malnutrition might be helpful.
Key-words- Malnutrition, Hospitalized children, Morbidities, Prevalence, Stunting
Abstract—Obesity is the major global nutrition concern. Modernisation and urbanisation have led to changes in dietary and lifestyle factors which are contributing to the increased prevalence of overweight and obesity.
Objective: To find out various life style risk factors for obesity among school children of affluent families aged 10-18 years in Jaipur city.
Methods: A cross-sectional study in ten randomly selected schools of Jaipur city with tuition fee > 18000 ₹/year was conducted from July 2012 to April 2013. 1610 students of class V to XII were included and their detailed life style history with anthropometric measurements was recorded after their informed written consent. Indian Academy of Pediatrics' growth Monitoring Guidelines for children from birth to 18 years was followed for defining and classifying obesity.
Result: 364 (22.61%) participants were found obese/overweight. Watching television during meals, frequency of main meals outside home per month, frequency of snacks outside home per week and duration of television/ computer watching per day were found significant predictors of overweight/ obesity on binary multivariate logistic regression method.
Conclusion: The present study highlights childhood overweight/obesity is an emerging health problem (22.61%) and lifestyle factors are important risk for it.
Eating habits and nutritional status among adolescent school girls: an experi...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
The purpose of this research was to investigate the students' attitude and consciousness degree regarding the pregnancy health in 2013 in Eastern-Azerbaijan Province. So, 300 students in different semesters have been taken up as accidentally from Tabriz, Marand, Bonab, Maragheh and Ahar have been taken up in this study. The WHO illustrative questionnaire for interview-questionnaire designed by John Cleland surveys with young people has been applied in this study. The statistical data has been completed by the help of SPSS software and descriptive and t-test statistical cases. The results showed the attitude score from the family adjustment is significantly higher than the determined degree positively. The results showed the sexual diseases are significantly higher than the fixed determined degree positively. Also it showed there is no observed any significant difference between the degree of the conscious and the students' attitude based on their marital status The results did not show any significant difference regarding the degree of the attitude among students.
School health guidelines to promote healthy eating and Physical ActivityAdonisGoldenRatioSystems
This report describes school health guidelines for promoting healthy eating and physical activity, including coordination of school policies and practices.
supportive environments; school nutrition services. physical education and physical activity programs; health education; health, mental health, and social services; family and community involvement; school employee wellness; and professional development for school staff members.
These guidelines, developed in collaboration with specialists from universities and from national, federal, state, local, and voluntary agencies and organizations, are based on an in-depth review of research, theory, and best practices in healthy eating and physical activity promotion in school health, public health, and education. Because every guideline might not be appropriate or feasible for every school to implement, individual schools should determine which guidelines have the highest priority based on the needs of the school and available resources.
A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on Knowl...ijtsrd
Statement of problem “A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on Knowledge Regarding Prevention and Prevalence of Anemia among Adolescent Girls in A Selected areas.â€Material and Methods In the present study one group pre test and post test experimental descriptive research design is used to collect the sample from selected areas of Mohali of 100 adolescent girls. The sample is collected through purposive sampling technique. The data is collected by socio demographic questionnaire and self instructional module.Result Majority 58 58 of the adolescent girls had inadequate knowledge, 40 40 had moderate knowledge and 02 2 had adequate knowledge in pre test before administering structured teaching program. After getting structured teaching program, 15 15 of adolescent girls had moderate knowledge and 85 85 of adolescent girls had reported adequate knowledge. It is significantly shows that there is association between knowledge levels of adolescent girls regarding prevention and prevalence of anemia and demographic variables.Conclusion It was concluded that there is gain in knowledge after teaching program and there is significant association between level of knowledge and demographic variables. Ms. Deepti | Dr. Priyanka Chaudhary | Ms. Ramanpreet Kaur | Ms. P. Chitra "A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on Knowledge Regarding Prevention and Prevalence of Anemia among Adolescent Girls in Selected Areas" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-1 , December 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49097.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/49097/a-study-to-assess-the-effectiveness-of-structured-teaching-programme-on-knowledge-regarding-prevention-and-prevalence-of-anemia-among-adolescent-girls-in-selected-areas/ms-deepti
Running head PICOT STATEMENT 1PICOT STATEMENT 5.docxtoltonkendal
Running head: PICOT STATEMENT 1
PICOT STATEMENT 5
PICOT Statement: Childhood Obesity
P-I-C-O-T Statement
P- Patients who suffer from obesity (BMI of more than 30)
I- Undertaking nutritional education, diet, and exercise
C- Comparison to nutritional education, endoscopic bariatric surgical intervention
O- Improved health outcomes in terms of overall weight
T - A year’s time limit
PICOT Statement: Childhood Obesity
Introduction
Childhood obesity poses serious health problems in the US as the number of overweight and obese population increases at a rapid pace every year. The effects of this problem have arrested the attention of policymakers, societal members, and government agencies. This has resulted in ranking childhood obesity as a national health concern. The adverse impacts of this disease go beyond the health realms to include economic burden on both personal and national budgets. While there are numerous risk factors and various evidence-based interventions to address this challenge, no single approach is consistently efficacious in curbing the disease. Consequently, it is imperative that efficacious initiatives and policies be developed to address the never-ending problem of childhood obesity. Multidisciplinary approaches are often broad and cut across all dimensions of personal health problems. Instead of placing emphasis solely on biomedical models, health care professionals should also seek to promote behavior change among obesity patients and their family members. A PICOT statement can be utilized as an effective tool to seek interventions of addressing childhood obesity.
PICOT Statement
Population
In the US, obesity prevalence is highest among children aged from 6 to 11 years (Cheung et al. 2016). The disease has tripled among this age group from 4.2 percent to 15.3 percent from 1963 to 2012. In the last three decades, increased cases of obesity prevalence have been noted among children of all ages, although the differences in obesity prevalence have been recorded in terms of age, race, ethnicity, and gender (Cheung et al. 2016). In this respect, children from socioeconomically disadvantaged families and some racial and ethnic minorities experience the higher median score on obesity than the dominant white population. Higher obesity rates are often recorded among blacks and Hispanics compared to whites. For instance, a survey on girls in the Southwest revealed that the yearly cases of obesity stood at 4.5 percent among Blacks, 2 percent among Hispanics, and 0.7 percent among white girls aged from 13 to 17 years (Cheung et al. 2016). For low-income earners, American Indians rank highest at 6.3 percent, followed closely by Hispanics at 5.5 percent.
Intervention
Evidence-based interventions that seek to reduce childhood obesity incidences in the country should target two major areas: prevention and treatment. High-quality RCT has been proven as one of the most effective preventative ...
People in the age group of 24 to 39 years, who have been living in big metros or booming small towns, are at the risk of being obese, a recent study has suggested.The study puts an alarming 70 per cent of Indias urban population in the obese or overweight category. And, at risk is the generation that Facebooks rather than go over to meet friends, bonds over gaming sessions on Playstations or X boxes rather than play cricket or badminton, the study warns.The national capital faces the ignominy of being the obesity capital of the country, while Chandigarh shares the top spot with Delhi.While declining sex ratio has been a concern in the country for years, there is now a new worrying trend emerging in the cities. The number of obese women in urban areas has been on the rise. Every second member of the fairer sex falls into this category.And, for long, Indias young population has been touted as Indias USP in the globalised economy. However, it also seems to be hit by the severe problem of obesity. For, it is the 24 39 age group that is the worst affected.Why urban India Experts suggest obesity has to do with the lifestyle of the majority of the population in urban India. The urban populace has easy access to high calorie packaged foods such as burgers, chips and colas. Dr. Renu Durgapal "Obesity in Indian Youth" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-3 , April 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49756.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/49756/obesity-in-indian-youth/dr-renu-durgapal
To Assess Knowledge Regarding Obesity and its Prevention among Adolescentsijtsrd
Obesity is a serious medical condition that affects children and adolescents. It occurs when a child well above the normal weight for his or her age and height. Obesity is particularly troubling because of extra pounds often start children on the path to health problems that were once confined to others such as diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol. Obesity can also lead to poor self esteem and depression. The present research project is ”œA descriptive study to assess knowledge regarding obesity and its prevention among adolescents at selected community area of Patel Nagar, Dehradun with a view to develop an informational booklet.” The objectives of the present study are 1. To assess the knowledge regarding obesity and its prevention among adolescents. 2. To find out the association between the level of knowledge of the adolescents regarding obesity at selected demographic variables. 3. To prepare and develop informational booklet on obesity and its prevention. 60 samples were selected by convenient sampling technique and data were collected using self structured knowledge questionnaires. Result In study level of knowledge based on percentage regarding obesity score depicts that 80 adolescents had moderate knowledge, 7 had adequate knowledge and 13 had inadequate level of knowledge regarding obesity and its prevention. Conclusion The conclusion of the study was 80 of adolescents were having moderate knowledge, 7 having adequate knowledge and 13 were having inadequate knowledge. Kanchan | Rashmi Joshi "To Assess Knowledge Regarding Obesity and its Prevention among Adolescents" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-2 , April 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/papers/ijtsrd53991.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/medicine/nursing/53991/to-assess-knowledge-regarding-obesity-and-its-prevention-among-adolescents/kanchan
A Study on Prevalence of Obesity and Overweight among Adolescent GirlsAI Publications
The unabated rise in the prevalence of overweight in adolescents is one of the most alarming public health issues facing the world. The prevalence of obesity and overweight was determined among 732 affluent adolescent girls of Bengaluru. The results indicated that 21.17% of the girls were overweight and 13.38% were obese. Information regarding knowledge, attitude and dietary & lifestyle practices of 98 obese and 155 overweight adolescent girls was collected using a structured questionnaire. It was seen that although 49% of the adolescent girls had fair knowledge, and all the subjects had positive attitudes towards nutrition and healthy lifestyle, a negative correlation was seen between Knowledge and Practice; and Attitude and Practice. Faulty dietary practices such as irregular meal pattern, frequent consumption of energy dense, high calorie food and drinks and physical inactivity were seen to be the main causes of obesity and overweight in the girls. It was also seen that the intake of protein and fat was significantly higher (p<0.05) than the RDA for obese and overweight adolescents.
Childhood obesity has been described as the main health-related problem in developed countries, due to its link with physical, social and psychological consequences with an increased risk for developing metabolic and cardiovascular diseases in adulthood.
All the pupils of both sexes attending the second year of all the primary schools in Pavia, Northern Italy, were recruited (n=470) for this study. Measurements of weight, height and waist circumference (WC) were taken under standard conditions. Body Mass Index (BMI) and waist-to-height-ratio (W/HtR) were computed and sex specific percentile values for BMI, WC and W/HtR were calculated and compared with the same percentiles available for different countries.
The results show that according to Cole’s cut-off point reference standards, 12.5% and 9.0% of boys and girls respectively are overweight, 4.7% and 5.2% respectively are obese. The WC mean value is equal to 60.0 ± 6.0 cm in boys and 59.0 ± 6.7 cm in girls. Using different 90th reference worldwide standard percentiles for WC as a comparison, the prevalence of our children with WC > 90th percentile is very different. The W/HtR mean value of the total sample is 0.46 ± 0.03. Assuming a cutoff of 0.5, 87.6% of the pupils have a W/HtR value ≤ 0.5, while 12.4% of the subjects have a value > 0.5, showing abdominal obesity among 55 children at an early age.
Our results point out the need for specific preventive and treatment interventions by identifying and implementing effective strategies, policies, and nutritional education programs in order to decrease the prevalence rate of obesity as well as the risk of metabolic disorders.
Malnutrition among under Five Children in Uttarakhandijtsrd
BACKGROUND Globally more than one third of child deaths are attributable to under nutrition. Eighty percent of the world’s undernourished children live in 20 countries, with India being home to nearly 60 million children who are underweight. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess malnutrition among under five children in a selected hospital of Dehradun, Uttarakhand. METHODOLOGY A quantitative research approach was used with descriptive cross sectional research design. Non probability convenient sampling technique was used to select 70 under five children who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The data collection tools included Socio demographic profile and Anthropometric assessment of the children. The data was analyzed based on objectives by using descriptive and inferential statistics. Data was analyzed using WHO anthroplus software and SPSS 21.0. RESULT The result showed that out of 70 children 17.14 showed mild wasting, 18.57 showed moderate wasting and 21.43 showed severe wasting. 11.43 children showed mild stunting, moderate stunting was present in 15.71 children and severe stunting was present in 27.14 children. 31.43 children were moderately underweight and 30 were severely underweight. CONCLUSION The study concluded that majority of the children were malnourished. Nitanshu Negi | Anjali Negi | Priyanka Semwal | Sakshi Chauhan | Ankita | Manjeet Singh | Ankit Rawat | Namrata Pundir | Naveen Singh "Malnutrition among under Five Children in Uttarakhand" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-3 , April 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49286.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/pediatrics/49286/malnutrition-among-under-five-children-in-uttarakhand/nitanshu-negi
Children tend to think of the last decades of life—when they think of such things at all—as a time of physical limitations rather than a time of active, vibrant and full participation in life. Yet as average longevity increases worldwide and medical progress enables longer healthy lives, a shift in that view is in order.
With this as background, The Economist Intelligence Unit, sponsored by Merck, undertook a study of five nations—representing both wealthy and middle-income countries—to determine the degree to which good health practices are being taught in schools and fostered in the home and in the community.
Where relevant, the research also considers whether health education is being provided in the context of the long-term benefits—that is, with the aim of achieving longer healthy life years. The five countries surveyed are Germany, South Africa, India, Brazil and Saudi Arabia.
Aene project a medium city public students obesity studyCIRINEU COSTA
Identifying undernutrition and obesity on students and propose public policies of health are urgent issues. This paper presents a study with weight and stature from students collected by physical education teachers (PEF) in schools of a city near São Paulo. The PEF collected the data and they were inserted in a program especially developed for each school Department (AENE Project). The datas were analyzed by software and evaluation done based on a World Health Organization (WHO_2007) table, that develops health programs worldwide. The results evaluations were used to raise the students and family, teachers and responsibles for treatment search (when required).
A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Text Message Intervention on Preventio...ijtsrd
Background Obesity is perhaps the most prevalent form of malnutrition. As a chronic disease, prevalent in both developed and developing countries, and affecting the children as well as adults, it is now so common that is replacing the more traditional public health concerns including malnutrition. It is one of the most significant contributors to ill health. For industrialized countries, it has been suggested that such increase in body weight have been caused primarily by reduced levels of physical activity, rather than by changes in food intake or by other factors. Methods A quantitative experimental research was conducted among 60 obese adults. Clients meeting these inclusion criteria were divided into two groups of 30 members in each group. Out of 60 sample, 30 sample in experimental group and 30 sample in control group. A purposive sampling technique was used to select the samples. The purpose of the study was explained to the samples and written informed consent was obtained from them. The demographic graphic variables and clinical variables were collected by multiple choice questionnaire. Body Mass Index BMI for Pre test assessment was assessed in the 1st day of data collection both in the experimental group and control group. The Body Mass Index BMI level was assessed by measuring as the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in metres kg m2 . The text message intervention with motivational messages, exercise, foods to be taken and foods to be avoided was sent to the experimental group twice daily, for 14 days. The control group followed regular routine. The post test was conducted in control group and experimental group on the 14th day after text message intervention. Collected data were analysed by descriptive and inferential statistics. Result The result in the post test between the experimental and control group was found to be statistically significant at p 0.001 level, this clearly infers that text message intervention for prevention and management of obesity among adolescents in the experimental group was found to be effective than the adolescents with obesity in control group who follow regular activities and lifestyle habits. Beautily. V | Thilagavathi N | Astheetha S "A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Text Message Intervention on Prevention and Management of Obesity among Adolescents" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-7 , December 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd52567.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/52567/a-study-to-assess-the-effectiveness-of-text-message-intervention-on-prevention-and-management-of-obesity-among-adolescents/beautily-v
Role of Daily life style and Medication in Prevention and treatment of obesityPriyankaKilaniya
The rising prevalence of overweight and obesity underscores the need for enhanced intervention strategies to tackle this significant public health issue. Increases in energy expenditure through exercise and other physical activity may be a crucial component of effective interventions to enhance initial weight loss and prevent weight regain. achieve these outcomes, it is recommended to engage in appropriate levels of exercise and physical activity, with 60 to 90 minutes per day being the recommended duration. Epidemiological surveys in England reveal that obesity is prevalent, defined as a body mass index (BMI) of greater than 30 kg/m2. This study is the first to report the prevalence of general obesity and abdominal obesity in the adult population of Spain, based on weight, height, and waist circumference measurements. Diet, smoking, and physical activity are significant lifestyle factors that can significantly impact body weight and fat accumulation. The PREDIMED study, a randomized dietary primary prevention trial conducted in Spain, assessed the relationship between lifestyle and obesity risk. A study assessed 7,000 high-cardiovascular risk subjects, determining a healthy lifestyle pattern (HLP) based on Mediterranean diet adherence, moderate alcohol consumption, daily physical activity of 200kcal/day, and non-smoking.
A Study on Knowledge, Attitude and Practice KAP on Anemia and Socio Economic ...YogeshIJTSRD
Anemia is a critical public health problem in India that affects women and children throughout the lifecycle. The Govt. of India took an effort by launching the programme called “12 by 12 initiatives- addressing the problem of anemia in adolescents. Under Rajiv Gandhi Scheme for Adolescent Girls SABALA programme initiated in 2011, adolescent girls are being received weekly supplementation of iron folic acid tablets and biannual de worming tablets. Age at menarche, family type, mother’s educational status, personal hygiene and sanitation facilities and the gain score of knowledge, attitude and practice. There is a significant difference between the family income and the gain score of the knowledge, attitude and practice of anemia at the 0.05 level of significance. Thus, it is concluded that the demographic variables would have influence over the knowledge, attitude, and practice on anemia. Dr. Sandhya Rani Mohanty "A Study on Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) on Anemia and Socio Economic Characteristics of Rural Adolescent Girls in Odisha" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45033.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/home-science/food-and-nutrition/45033/a-study-on-knowledge-attitude-and-practice-kap-on-anemia-and-socio-economic-characteristics-of-rural-adolescent-girls-in-odisha/dr-sandhya-rani-mohanty
Evaluation of the impacts of care givers on malnourished children in Ishaka A...PUBLISHERJOURNAL
This study was done to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practices of care givers of malnourished children less than five years in Ishaka Adventist Hospital, Uganda. This was a cross-sectional descriptive study that targeted care givers of malnourished children below five years. Forty two care givers (using fishers’ method) were sampled using simple random technique and basing on the inclusion and exclusion criteria stated therein. Data was collected using semi structured questionnaires and data was analyzed using SPSS version 22.1 and was also assisted by excel in drawing charts and figures. During data collection, absolute ethical considerations were followed. 100% response rate was achieved, and the results showed that the majority of participants 20 (48%) were aged 18-24 years and 83% were females and majority of care takers were peasants 37(88%) and surprisingly 30(74%) had never completed primary level. 71% of respondents defined malnutrition as when the child is having a big head and a swollen stomach and a majority 26(62%) mentioned poor hygiene, un safe water, diseases and infection were the causes of malnutrition, good enough majority of them had knowledge on signs of malnutrition, care takers had a mixed attitude about malnutrition and some attributed it to bad lack in the family and majority of the mothers were breast feeding their children. In conclusion, participants had good knowledge and the care takers also had good attitude towards different feeding habits and it was recommended that outreach programs targeting care takers should be emphasized.
Keywords: malnutrition, feeding habits, care takers, infection
Prevalence of malnutrition among under five children of RukaminiNagar, BelgaumSawan Kumar
synopsis of prevalence of malnutrition among under five years children in Rukmini Nagar, Belgaum
Reaserche:- Mr. Sawan Kumar Yadav
Guide:- Dr. Mubashir Angolkar,
Coordinator and Assistant Professor
Department of Public Health,
J.N. Medical college, Belgaum, Karnataka, India
A Study on Assessment of Knowledge of Reproductive Health Education among the...AnuragSingh1049
Adolescence is a life’s essential transition phase starting around 10, 11 or 12 years and concludes between the age of 18-21 years. Deficiency of reproductive health information and sexual experimentations in this stage of storm and stress expose adolescents to grave health pressure. Adolescents must have access to logical Reproductive Health information to increase healthy attitude towards Reproductive Health issues. The aim of writing this paper was to assess the the knowledge of adolescent students studying in Jammu region of Jammu and Kashmir state towards Reproductive Health Education and to be familiar with reproductive health issues among adolescents. The present study was carried out on 400 Adolescent Higher Secondary School students of Jammu region using a well designed pre-tested questionnaire. The results of our study showed that students had constructive attitude towards Reproductive Health Education as majority (boys = 86.0%, girls=84.5%) of respondents recommended Reproductive Health Education in school curriculum. Further, 40.0% boys and 35.5% girl respondents were of the opinion that lecture by expert is a preferred method of imparting Reproductive Health Education, 32.0% boys and 28.5% girl students under study favored to communicate with Doctors/Health Workers followed by parents brothers/sisters (23.0%) in case of girls and friends (23.5%) in case of boys concerning Reproductive Health issues. Further, the study revealed that girl students (51.5%) favored to get married under 24 years as they were of the belief that it is the prime of life, and can give birth without much troubles whereas majority of boys understudy (65.5%) told that they prefer to get married above 24 years as they desire to complete education first and find a appropriate job in order to feed family unit. Majority of the respondents (58.5%) believed that youth living in urban areas possesses more knowledge about reproductive health than youth living in rural areas. Further, majority of the students possesses good knowledge about HIV/AIDS and STDs. It is concluded from our study that there is a requirement of providing proper scientific information to teenagers concerning reproductive health by incorporating Reproductive Health Education in school syllabus and lectures by experts in order to advance their awareness and consequently reproductive health condition.
Assess the Knowledge on Hazards of Junk Foods among Adolescentsijtsrd
INTRODUCTIONFood is important for survival. It provides necessary nutrition for the body of the human being. Fast food, which is available readymade and easy to eat is now a day’s an important item of food. It often termed as food away from home FAFH Jahan, et al., 2020 . Junk food was first popularized in 1950s in the United States. The first Junk food restaurants were established in the United States with White Castle in 1916. Now a days McDonald’s, KFC and Pizza Hut are multinational corporations with outlets across the globe. At present fast food restaurants are one of the largest segments of the food industry with over 200,000 restaurants and 120 billion in sales in the U.S. alone10. International chains including McDonald’s and Yum Brands have 65 percent and 50 percent of their sales overseas respectively which indicates that fast food has a great demand all over the worldSTATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMA study to assess the knowledge on hazards of junk food among adolescents.OBJECTIVESTo assess the level of knowledge regarding hazards of junk food among adolescents.To associate the level of knowledge regarding hazards of junk food among adolescents with their selected demographic variables.RESEARCH METHODOLOGYA descriptive design with simple random research design was used to assess the assess the knowledge on hazards of junk food among adolescents at rural areas After obtaining permission from the Department of Community Heath Nursing, the investigator selected 30 samples by using purposive sampling technique. The samples who met the inclusion criteria were selected by convenience sampling technique. The purposes of the study to the samples and obtained the written informed consent. The nature and purpose of the study was explained to the women. Questionnaire was used to collect the demographic variables of adolescents.MAJOR FINDING OF THE STUDY The study shows that 15 50 had moderate level of knowledge, 8 26.67 had inadequate knowledge and 7 23.33 had adequate knowledge regarding health hazards of the fast food consumption among adolescents. The mean score of knowledge score was 8.50±2.86. The median score was 9.0 with minimum score of 4.0 and maximum score 13.0The demographic variable pocket money per month 2=10.243, p=0.037 had shown statistically significant association with level of knowledge regarding health hazards of the fast food consumption among adolescents at p 0.05 level and the other demographic variables had not shown statistically significant association with level of knowledge regarding health hazards of the fast food consumption among adolescents.CONCLUSIONThe findings of the study conclude that the adolescents had moderate to inadequate level of knowledge on health hazards of the junk food consumption. The study suggest that health education on consumption of fast food should be imparted to the adolescents at the community and school level. Meena. P | Francis Nath | F. J. David "Assess the Knowledge on Hazards of Junk Foods am
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India Challenges and Prospectsijtsrd
Communal politics in India has evolved through centuries, weaving a complex tapestry shaped by historical legacies, colonial influences, and contemporary socio political transformations. This research comprehensively examines the dynamics of communal politics in 21st century India, emphasizing its historical roots, socio political dynamics, economic implications, challenges, and prospects for mitigation. The historical perspective unravels the intricate interplay of religious identities and power dynamics from ancient civilizations to the impact of colonial rule, providing insights into the evolution of communalism. The socio political dynamics section delves into the contemporary manifestations, exploring the roles of identity politics, socio economic disparities, and globalization. The economic implications section highlights how communal politics intersects with economic issues, perpetuating disparities and influencing resource allocation. Challenges posed by communal politics are scrutinized, revealing multifaceted issues ranging from social fragmentation to threats against democratic values. The prospects for mitigation present a multifaceted approach, incorporating policy interventions, community engagement, and educational initiatives. The paper conducts a comparative analysis with international examples, identifying common patterns such as identity politics and economic disparities. It also examines unique challenges, emphasizing Indias diverse religious landscape, historical legacy, and secular framework. Lessons for effective strategies are drawn from international experiences, offering insights into inclusive policies, interfaith dialogue, media regulation, and global cooperation. By scrutinizing historical epochs, contemporary dynamics, economic implications, and international comparisons, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of communal politics in India. The proposed strategies for mitigation underscore the importance of a holistic approach to foster social harmony, inclusivity, and democratic values. Rose Hossain "Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India: Challenges and Prospects" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64528.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/history/64528/dynamics-of-communal-politics-in-21st-century-india-challenges-and-prospects/rose-hossain
Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in...ijtsrd
Background and Objective Telehealth has become a well known tool for the delivery of health care in Saudi Arabia, and the perspective and knowledge of healthcare providers are influential in the implementation, adoption and advancement of the method. This systematic review was conducted to examine the current literature base regarding telehealth and the related healthcare professional perspective and knowledge in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods This systematic review was conducted by searching 7 databases including, MEDLINE, CINHAL, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Central. Studies on healthcare practitioners telehealth knowledge and perspectives published in English in Saudi Arabia from 2000 to 2023 were included. Boland directed this comprehensive review. The researchers examined each connected study using the AXIS tool, which evaluates cross sectional systematic reviews. Narrative synthesis was used to summarise and convey the data. Results Out of 1840 search results, 10 studies were included. Positive outlook and limited knowledge among providers were seen across trials. Healthcare professionals like telehealth for its ability to improve quality, access, and delivery, save time and money, and be successful. Age, gender, occupation, and work experience also affect health workers knowledge. In Saudi Arabia, healthcare professionals face inadequate expert assistance, patient privacy, internet connection concerns, lack of training courses, lack of telehealth understanding, and high costs while performing telemedicine. Conclusions Healthcare practitioners telehealth perceptions and knowledge were examined in this systematic study. Its collection of concerned experts different personal attitudes and expertise would help enhance telehealths implementation in Saudi Arabia, develop its healthcare delivery alternative, and eliminate frequent problems. Badriah Mousa I Mulayhi | Dr. Jomin George | Judy Jenkins "Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64535.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/64535/assess-perspective-and-knowledge-of-healthcare-providers-towards-elehealth-in-saudi-arabia-a-systematic-review/badriah-mousa-i-mulayhi
The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion ...ijtsrd
The impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has gained considerable attention in recent years. The adoption of digital technologies and the internet has resulted in declining influence and power for traditional gatekeepers such as publishing houses and news organizations. Simultaneously, digital media has facilitated the emergence of new voices and players in the media industry. Digital medias impact on power decentralization and gatekeeper erosion is visible in several ways. One significant aspect is the democratization of information, which enables anyone with an internet connection to publish and share content globally, leading to citizen journalism and bypassing traditional gatekeepers. Another aspect is the disruption of conventional media industry business models, as traditional organizations struggle to adjust to the decrease in advertising revenue and the rise of digital platforms. Alternative business models, such as subscription models and crowdfunding, have become more prevalent, leading to the emergence of new players. Overall, the impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has brought about significant changes in the media landscape and the way information is shared. Further research is required to fully comprehend the implications of these changes and their impact on society. Dr. Kusum Lata "The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion of Traditional Gatekeepers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64544.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64544/the-impact-of-digital-media-on-the-decentralization-of-power-and-the-erosion-of-traditional-gatekeepers/dr-kusum-lata
Online Voices, Offline Impact Ambedkars Ideals and Socio Political Inclusion ...ijtsrd
This research investigates the nexus between online discussions on Dr. B.R. Ambedkars ideals and their impact on social inclusion among college students in Gurugram, Haryana. Surveying 240 students from 12 government colleges, findings indicate that 65 actively engage in online discussions, with 80 demonstrating moderate to high awareness of Ambedkars ideals. Statistically significant correlations reveal that higher online engagement correlates with increased awareness p 0.05 and perceived social inclusion. Variations across colleges and a notable effect of college type on perceived social inclusion highlight the influence of contextual factors. Furthermore, the intersectional analysis underscores nuanced differences based on gender, caste, and socio economic status. Dr. Kusum Lata "Online Voices, Offline Impact: Ambedkar's Ideals and Socio-Political Inclusion - A Study of Gurugram District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64543.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64543/online-voices-offline-impact-ambedkars-ideals-and-sociopolitical-inclusion--a-study-of-gurugram-district/dr-kusum-lata
Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship A Studyijtsrd
Noting calls for contextualizing Agro entrepreneurs problems and challenges of the agro entrepreneurs and for greater attention to the Role of entrepreneurs in agro entrepreneurship research, we conduct a systematic literature review of extent research in agriculture entrepreneurship to overcome the study objectives of complications of agro entrepreneurs through various factors, Development of agriculture products is a key factor for the overall economic growth of agro entrepreneurs Agro Entrepreneurs produces firsthand large scale employment, utilizes the labor and natural resources, This research outlines the problems of Weather and Soil Erosions, Market price fluctuation, stimulates labor cost problems, reduces concentration of Price volatility, Dependency on Intermediaries, induces Limited Bargaining Power, and Storage and Transportation Costs. This paper mainly devoted to highlight Problems and challenges faced for the sustainable of Agro Entrepreneurs in India. Vinay Prasad B "Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship - A Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64540.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64540/problems-and-challenges-of-agro-entreprenurship--a-study/vinay-prasad-b
Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies o...ijtsrd
Disclosure is a process through which a business enterprise communicates with external parties. A corporate disclosure is communication of financial and non financial information of the activities of a business enterprise to the interested entities. Corporate disclosure is done through publishing annual reports. So corporate disclosure through annual reports plays a vital role in the life of all the companies and provides valuable information to investors. The basic objectives of corporate disclosure is to give a true and fair view of companies to the parties related either directly or indirectly like owner, government, creditors, shareholders etc. in the companies act, provisions have been made about mandatory and voluntary disclosure. The IT sector in India is rapidly growing, the trend to invest in the IT sector is rising and employment opportunities in IT sectors are also increasing. Therefore the IT sector is expected to have fair, full and adequate disclosure of all information. Unfair and incomplete disclosure may adversely affect the entire economy. A research study on disclosure practices of IT companies could play an important role in this regard. Hence, the present research study has been done to study and review comparative analysis of total corporate disclosure of selected IT companies of India and to put forward overall findings and suggestions with a view to increase disclosure score of these companies. The researcher hopes that the present research study will be helpful to all selected Companies for improving level of corporate disclosure through annual reports as well as the government, creditors, investors, all business organizations and upcoming researcher for comparative analyses of level of corporate disclosure with special reference to selected IT companies. Dr. Vaibhavi D. Thaker "Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies of India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64539.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64539/comparative-analysis-of-total-corporate-disclosure-of-selected-it-companies-of-india/dr-vaibhavi-d-thaker
The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Right...ijtsrd
This study investigated the impact of educational background and professional training on human rights awareness among secondary school teachers in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India. The key findings reveal that higher levels of education, particularly a master’s degree, and fields of study related to education, humanities, or social sciences are associated with greater human rights awareness among teachers. Additionally, both pre service teacher training and in service professional development programs focused on human rights education significantly enhance teacher’s knowledge, skills, and competencies in promoting human rights principles in their classrooms. Baig Ameer Bee Mirza Abdul Aziz | Dr. Syed Azaz Ali Amjad Ali "The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Rights Awareness among Secondary School Teachers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64529.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64529/the-impact-of-educational-background-and-professional-training-on-human-rights-awareness-among-secondary-school-teachers/baig-ameer-bee-mirza-abdul-aziz
A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at t...ijtsrd
“One Language sets you in a corridor for life. Two languages open every door along the way” Frank Smith English as a foreign language or as a second language has been ruling in India since the period of Lord Macaulay. But the question is how much we teach or learn English properly in our culture. Is there any scope to use English as a language rather than a subject How much we learn or teach English without any interference of mother language specially in the classroom teaching learning scenario in West Bengal By considering all these issues the researcher has attempted in this article to focus on the effective teaching learning process comparing to other traditional strategies in the field of English curriculum at the secondary level to investigate whether they fulfill the present teaching learning requirements or not by examining the validity of the present curriculum of English. The purpose of this study is to focus on the effectiveness of the systematic, scientific, sequential and logical transaction of the course between the teachers and the learners in the perspective of the 5Es programme that is engage, explore, explain, extend and evaluate. Sanchali Mondal | Santinath Sarkar "A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at the Secondary Level of West Bengal" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd62412.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/62412/a-study-on-the-effective-teaching-learning-process-in-english-curriculum-at-the-secondary-level-of-west-bengal/sanchali-mondal
The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching ...ijtsrd
This paper reports on a study which was conducted to investigate the role of mentoring and its influence on the effectiveness of the teaching of Physics in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. The study adopted the convergent parallel mixed methods design, focusing on respondents in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected, analysed separately, and the results were compared to see if the findings confirm or disconfirm each other. The quantitative analysis found that majority of the respondents 72 of Physics teachers affirmed that they had more experienced colleagues as mentors to help build their confidence, improve their teaching, and help them improve their effectiveness and efficiency in guiding learners’ achievements. Only 28 of the respondents disagreed with these statements. With majority respondents 72 agreeing with the statements, it implies that in most secondary schools, experienced Physics teachers act as mentors to build teachers’ confidence in teaching and improving students’ learning. The interview qualitative data analysis summarized how secondary school Principals use meetings with mentors and mentees to promote mentorship in the school milieu. This has helped strengthen teachers’ classroom practices in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. With the results confirming each other, the study recommends that mentoring should focus on helping teachers employ social interactions and instructional practices feedback and clarity in teaching that have direct measurable impact on students’ learning achievements. Andrew Ngeim Sumba | Frederick Ebot Ashu | Peter Agborbechem Tambi "The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching of Physics in Secondary Schools in the South West Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64524.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/64524/the-role-of-mentoring-and-its-influence-on-the-effectiveness-of-the-teaching-of-physics-in-secondary-schools-in-the-south-west-region-of-cameroon/andrew-ngeim-sumba
Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino Microcontroller Bas...ijtsrd
This study primarily focuses on the design of a high side buck converter using an Arduino microcontroller. The converter is specifically intended for use in DC DC applications, particularly in standalone solar PV systems where the PV output voltage exceeds the load or battery voltage. To evaluate the performance of the converter, simulation experiments are conducted using Proteus Software. These simulations provide insights into the input and output voltages, currents, powers, and efficiency under different state of charge SoC conditions of a 12V,70Ah rechargeable lead acid battery. Additionally, the hardware design of the converter is implemented, and practical data is collected through operation, monitoring, and recording. By comparing the simulation results with the practical results, the efficiency and performance of the designed converter are assessed. The findings indicate that while the buck converter is suitable for practical use in standalone PV systems, its efficiency is compromised due to a lower output current. Chan Myae Aung | Dr. Ei Mon "Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino-Microcontroller Based DC-DC High-Side Buck Converter for Standalone PV System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64518.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/64518/design-simulation-and-hardware-construction-of-an-arduinomicrocontroller-based-dcdc-highside-buck-converter-for-standalone-pv-system/chan-myae-aung
Sustainable Energy by Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadikuijtsrd
Energy becomes sustainable if it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Some of the definitions of sustainable energy include the considerations of environmental aspects such as greenhouse gas emissions, social, and economic aspects such as energy poverty. Generally far more sustainable than fossil fuel are renewable energy sources such as wind, hydroelectric power, solar, and geothermal energy sources. Worthy of note is that some renewable energy projects, like the clearing of forests to produce biofuels, can cause severe environmental damage. The sustainability of nuclear power which is a low carbon source is highly debated because of concerns about radioactive waste, nuclear proliferation, and accidents. The switching from coal to natural gas has environmental benefits, including a lower climate impact, but could lead to delay in switching to more sustainable options. “Carbon capture and storage” can be built into power plants to remove the carbon dioxide CO2 emissions, but this technology is expensive and has rarely been implemented. Leading non renewable energy sources around the world is fossil fuels, coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Nuclear energy is usually considered another non renewable energy source, although nuclear energy itself is a renewable energy source, but the material used in nuclear power plants is not. The paper addresses the issue of sustainable energy, its attendant benefits to the future generation, and humanity in general. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Sustainable Energy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64534.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/64534/sustainable-energy/paul-a-adekunte
Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations Executive Regulations and Stand...ijtsrd
This paper aims to outline the executive regulations, survey standards, and specifications required for the implementation of the Sudan Survey Act, and for regulating and organizing all surveying work activities in Sudan. The act has been discussed for more than 5 years. The Land Survey Act was initiated by the Sudan Survey Authority and all official legislations were headed by the Sudan Ministry of Justice till it was issued in 2022. The paper presents conceptual guidelines to be used for the Survey Act implementation and to regulate the survey work practice, standardizing the field surveys, processing, quality control, procedures, and the processes related to survey work carried out by the stakeholders and relevant authorities in Sudan. The conceptual guidelines are meant to improve the quality and harmonization of geospatial data and to aid decision making processes as well as geospatial information systems. The established comprehensive executive regulations will govern and regulate the implementation of the Sudan Survey Geomatics Act in all surveying and mapping practices undertaken by the Sudan Survey Authority SSA and state local survey departments for public or private sector organizations. The targeted standards and specifications include the reference frame, projection, coordinate systems, and the guidelines and specifications that must be followed in the field of survey work, processes, and mapping products. In the last few decades, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of geomatics activities and measurements on the Earths surface in space and time, together with observing and mapping the changes. In such cases, data must be captured promptly, standardized, and obtained with more accuracy and specified in much detail. The paper will also highlight the current situation in Sudan, the degree to which survey standards are used, the problems encountered, and the errors that arise from not using the standards and survey specifications. Kamal A. A. Sami "Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations - Executive Regulations and Standards" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63484.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63484/concepts-for-sudan-survey-act-implementations--executive-regulations-and-standards/kamal-a-a-sami
Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model Khartoum Sta...ijtsrd
The discussions between ellipsoid and geoid have invoked many researchers during the recent decades, especially during the GNSS technology era, which had witnessed a great deal of development but still geoid undulation requires more investigations. To figure out a solution for Sudans local geoid, this research has tried to intake the possibility of determining the geoid model by following two approaches, gravimetric and geometrical geoid model determination, by making use of GNSS leveling benchmarks at Khartoum state. The Benchmarks are well distributed in the study area, in which, the horizontal coordinates and the height above the ellipsoid have been observed by GNSS while orthometric heights were carried out using precise leveling. The Global Geopotential Model GGM represented in EGM2008 has been exploited to figure out the geoid undulation at the benchmarks in the study area. This is followed by a fitting process, that has been done to suit the geoid undulation data which has been computed using GNSS leveling data and geoid undulation inspired by the EGM2008. Two geoid surfaces were created after the fitting process to ensure that they are identical and both of them could be counted for getting the same geoid undulation with an acceptable accuracy. In this respect, statistical operation played an important role in ensuring the consistency and integrity of the model by applying cross validation techniques splitting the data into training and testing datasets for building the geoid model and testing its eligibility. The geometrical solution for geoid undulation computation has been utilized by applying straightforward equations that facilitate the calculation of the geoid undulation directly through applying statistical techniques for the GNSS leveling data of the study area to get the common equation parameters values that could be utilized to calculate geoid undulation of any position in the study area within the claimed accuracy. Both systems were checked and proved eligible to be used within the study area with acceptable accuracy which may contribute to solving the geoid undulation problem in the Khartoum area, and be further generalized to determine the geoid model over the entire country, and this could be considered in the future, for regional and continental geoid model. Ahmed M. A. Mohammed. | Kamal A. A. Sami "Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model (Khartoum State Case Study)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63483.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63483/towards-the-implementation-of-the-sudan-interpolated-geoid-model-khartoum-state-case-study/ahmed-m-a-mohammed
Activating Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment Mapijtsrd
Sudan is witnessing an acceleration in the processes of development and transformation in the performance of government institutions to raise the productivity and investment efficiency of the government sector. The development plans and investment opportunities have focused on achieving national goals in various sectors. This paper aims to illuminate the path to the future and provide geospatial data and information to develop the investment climate and environment for all sized businesses, and to bridge the development gap between the Sudan states. The Sudan Survey Authority SSA is the main advisor to the Sudan Government in conducting surveying, mappings, designing, and developing systems related to geospatial data and information. In recent years, SSA made a strategic partnership with the Ministry of Investment to activate Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment and in particular, for the preparation and implementation of the Sudan investment map, based on the directives and objectives of the Ministry of Investment MI in Sudan. This paper comes within the framework of activating the efforts of the Ministry of Investment to develop technical investment services by applying techniques adopted by the Ministry and its strategic partners for advancing investment processes in the country. Kamal A. A. Sami "Activating Geospatial Information for Sudan's Sustainable Investment Map" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63482.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/information-technology/63482/activating-geospatial-information-for-sudans-sustainable-investment-map/kamal-a-a-sami
Educational Unity Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Societyijtsrd
In a rapidly changing global landscape, the importance of education as a unifying force cannot be overstated. This paper explores the crucial role of educational unity in fostering a stronger and more inclusive society through the embrace of diversity. By examining the benefits of diverse learning environments, the paper aims to highlight the positive impact on societal strength. The discussion encompasses various dimensions, from curriculum design to classroom dynamics, and emphasizes the need for educational institutions to become catalysts for unity in diversity. It highlights the need for a paradigm shift in educational policies, curricula, and pedagogical approaches to ensure that they are reflective of the diverse fabric of society. This paper also addresses the challenges associated with implementing inclusive educational practices and offers practical strategies for overcoming barriers. It advocates for collaborative efforts between educational institutions, policymakers, and communities to create a supportive ecosystem that promotes diversity and unity. Mr. Amit Adhikari | Madhumita Teli | Gopal Adhikari "Educational Unity: Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Society" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64525.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64525/educational-unity-embracing-diversity-for-a-stronger-society/mr-amit-adhikari
Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management Prospects and...ijtsrd
The diversity of indigenous knowledge systems in India is vast and can vary significantly between different communities and regions. Preserving and respecting these knowledge systems is crucial for maintaining cultural heritage, promoting sustainable practices, and fostering cross cultural understanding. In this paper, an overview of the prospects and challenges associated with incorporating Indian indigenous knowledge into management is explored. It is found that IIKS helps in management in many areas like sustainable development, tourism, food security, natural resource management, cultural preservation and innovation, etc. However, IIKS integration with management faces some challenges in the form of a lack of documentation, cultural sensitivity, language barriers legal framework, etc. Savita Lathwal "Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management: Prospects and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63500.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/63500/integration-of-indian-indigenous-knowledge-system-in-management-prospects-and-challenges/savita-lathwal
DeepMask Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in...ijtsrd
The COVID 19 pandemic has highlighted the crucial need of preventive measures, with widespread use of face masks being a key method for slowing the viruss spread. This research investigates face mask identification using deep learning as a technological solution to be reducing the risk of coronavirus transmission. The proposed method uses state of the art convolutional neural networks CNNs and transfer learning to automatically recognize persons who are not wearing masks in a variety of circumstances. We discuss how this strategy improves public health and safety by providing an efficient manner of enforcing mask wearing standards. The report also discusses the obstacles, ethical concerns, and prospective applications of face mask detection systems in the ongoing fight against the pandemic. Dilip Kumar Sharma | Aaditya Yadav "DeepMask: Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in the COVID-19 Era" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64522.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/64522/deepmask-transforming-face-mask-identification-for-better-pandemic-control-in-the-covid19-era/dilip-kumar-sharma
Streamlining Data Collection eCRF Design and Machine Learningijtsrd
Efficient and accurate data collection is paramount in clinical trials, and the design of Electronic Case Report Forms eCRFs plays a pivotal role in streamlining this process. This paper explores the integration of machine learning techniques in the design and implementation of eCRFs to enhance data collection efficiency. We delve into the synergies between eCRF design principles and machine learning algorithms, aiming to optimize data quality, reduce errors, and expedite the overall data collection process. The application of machine learning in eCRF design brings forth innovative approaches to data validation, anomaly detection, and real time adaptability. This paper discusses the benefits, challenges, and future prospects of leveraging machine learning in eCRF design for streamlined and advanced data collection in clinical trials. Dhanalakshmi D | Vijaya Lakshmi Kannareddy "Streamlining Data Collection: eCRF Design and Machine Learning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63515.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/63515/streamlining-data-collection-ecrf-design-and-machine-learning/dhanalakshmi-d
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
2. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD23825 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 4 | May-Jun 2019 Page: 819
CI 8.48-16.80%) and that of obesity to be 3.39% (95% CI
2.58-4.21%).
Nicolle Fernandes reported that India is now being
considered a fast weight gaining nation. The current
prevalence of childhood overweight in India could range
from 4% to 22%.
Akwinder Kaur has done a Survey on obesity among various
age group girls of Punjab. The observationsrevealedthatthe
overall prevalence of underweight, healthy weight,
overweight and obesity was 6.45%, 64.94%, 14.8% and
13.81% respectively.
If current trends continue the number of overweight or
obese infants and young children globally will increaseto70
million by 2025.
Childhood period is the most crucial period where the
growth and development process take place. During this
period it is important to concentrate about their food habits
and food patterns, especially the distribution of adequate
intake of carbohydrate, proteins and fats, vitamins and
minerals however, the prevalence of obesityincrease among
the school children.
The negative impact of being underweight, overweight, or
obese on the health and development of children and
adolescents can also extend into adulthood, increasing the
risk of chronicnon-communicablediseasesanddisability.An
enormous epidemic of lifestyle diseases, including obesity,
are now among the biggest problemsof modern medicine.In
the development of obesity, particular attention is directed
to the periods of pre-school and adolescence regarded as
times of risk for the development and maintenance of
obesity that can lead to consequences in adulthood.
The high prevalence of overweight and obesity has serious
health consequences. Raised body mass index (BMI) is a
major risk factor for diseases such ascardiovasculardisease,
type 2 diabetes and many cancers (including, for example,
colorectal cancer, kidney cancer and oesophageal
cancer).These diseases – often referred to as non-
communicable diseases (NCDs) – not only cause premature
mortality, but also long-term morbidity. In addition,
overweight and obesity in children are associated with
significant reductions in quality of life and a greater risk of
teasing, bullying and social isolation.
Obesity affects both the mental and physical health. The
potential medical complications like hypertension, coronary
artery disease, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemia and
psychological issues of depression, poor self-image, and
difficulties in both the home and social environment
(including school) add to the woes. Obesity also contributes
to global warming as overweight peoplerequiremorefuel to
transport them and eat more food.
Due to the rapid increases in obesity prevalence and the
serious public health consequences, obesity is commonly
considered one of the most serious public health challenges
of the early 21st century.
Methodology:
A cross – sectional pilot study was conducted in corporate
school of Jalandhar, Punjab and school children aged
between13 years to 15 years of age were recruited by
purposive random samplingmethod.Thestudyprotocol was
reviewed and approved by the ethics committee of NIMS
University, Jaipur, Rajastan. The objectivesof thestudywere
explained in detail to the teachersof thechildren and written
consents were obtained. A pre validated self structured
questionnaire was explained in detail to all the children and
administered questionnaire to school going adolescents
between the age group of 13-15 years. With physical
limitations, adolescents who were not meeting the age
criteria were not included in this study. Pilot study was
conducted in one corporate school of Jalandhar, Punjab .The
classes selected were 8th, 9th and 10th 13-15yrsadolescentswillbein
these classes. Out of 87 participants’ 47 participants were
eligible who have met the study criterialike agebetween13-
15 yrs and class 8th -10th. Another 40 adolescents were
excluded from the study and a total of 47 consenting
children aged between 13 -15 years adolescents were
included. Out of 47 participants of boys were 29 and girls
were 18.
Results:
The WHO BMI chart was used to calculate BMI of
adolescents. Based on this out of 47 participants2 boyswere
obese, and 6 boys were having over weight. Among girls out
of 18 participants 2 were having over weight. Out of 37
participants 28 were under weight(60%)and 9(19%) were
healthy 17% were overweight and 4% were obese
respectively. The demographic variables revealed that,57%
of participants were from 15 yrs age group, 26% were of 14
yrs age group and the lowest 17% of them were 13 yrs old.
Determinants which contribute prevalence of obesityreveal
that, there is no significant association between selected
socio demographic variables with sedentary behavior P
value at 0.001 levels which shows highlysignificant.Thereis
a highly significant association between levelof obesity with
selected demographic variables in areas like obesity,
mothers qualification and family history of obesity at P
<0.001, P < 0.05 levels. The children were instructed to
answer the self-administered questionnaire that contained
19 multiple choice questions. Thequestionnaire wasdivided
in to Dietary pattern having 11 questions,Physical exercise6
questions, and related tosedentarybehavior 2questionsand
demographic variables of 13 questions. Questionnaire was
administered to those participants who were meeting the
inclusion criteria. Previous day studentswereasked to come
in light clothing’s. Next day height and weightwererecorded
with light weight cloths and shoes were removed. The
weight of each participant was recorded in kilograms (kg)
using a calibrated electronic weighing machine. The height
was recorded in centimeters (cm) using a stadiometer fixed
to the wall. The BMI was calculated by dividing weight (in
kg) with height in meter squared (m2) and expressed as
kg/m2. The data obtained were coded and statistically
analyzed using SPSS . Statistical significance was inferred as
P value less than or equal to 0.05.
The data obtained were entered in a master data sheet for
tabulation and data processing. The analysis of data was
organized and presented under the following sections.
Section A: Socio demographic Variables of the School
going Adolescents
Section B: Obesity Determinants in adolescents
Section C: Association of the study findings with the socio
demographic variables
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The age of participants 57% of them were 15 years old,26%
were 14 yrs and the lowest 17% of them were 13 yrs old.
Regarding gender the highest 62% of them were males and
38% were females. All the samples 100% were from
corporate school. About class38%werefrom10th class,32%
from 8th class and rest 30% from 9th class respectively.
Regarding height majority0fthesamples30%from 155-164
cms, 28% from 145-154 cms, another 28% from 165-174
cms and the least 14% were from the range of 175-184 cms.
Regarding weight 54% werefrom30-49kgs, 36%werefrom
50-69 kgs, 6% were from 70-89 kgs and 4% were above 90
kgs. Based on BMI majority 60% of samples were of
underweight, 19% were healthy, 17% were overweight and
4% were obese. In type of family 45% were from joint
family, 43% belong to nuclear family and 12% were from
extended family. Related to mother’squalification most49%
were having Sr. Sec.Schooleducation,43%werehavingHigh
school education and 8% from Degree and above
qualification. Regarding father’s Qualification 51% from
Sr.Sec. School qualification, 36% High School, and13 %
Degree and above respectively.
Section A: Demographic Variables of the Adolescents
Table 1: Frequency and percentage distribution of
Socio demographic variables of adolescents n=47
Demographic data N %
1.Age (in years):
13 years
14 years
15 years
8
12
27
17
26
57
2.Gneder :
Male
Female
29
18
62
38
3. Type of school :
Government
Corporate
0
47
0
100
4.Class :
8th
9th
10th
15
14
18
32
30
38
5. Height (in Cms):
125-144
145-154
155-164
165-174
175-184
0
13
14
13
7
0
28
30
28
14
6.Weight (in Kg) :
30-49
50-69
70-89
>90
25
17
3
2
54
36
6
4
7.BMI :
<18.5(under weight)
18.5-24.9(Healthy)
25-29.9(Over weight)
>=30(Obese)
28
9
8
2
60
19
17
4
8.Type of family :
Nuclear
Joint
Extended
20
21
6
43
45
12
9.Mother’s Qualification:
Illiterate
Primary school
High school
Secondary school
Degree and above
0
0
20
23
4
0
0
43
49
8
10.Father’s Qualification:
Illiterate
Primary school
High school
Secondary school
Degree and above
0
0
17
24
6
0
0
36
51
13
11.Family Income :
<Rs.5000
Rs.5001-10000
Rs.10001-15000
Rs.15001-20000
Rs.>20000
5
10
4
3
25
11
21
9
6
53
12.physical activity participation:
Mother
Father
Sibling
Others
14
3
14
16
30
6
30
34
13.Family History of obesity :
Mother
Father
Grand parents
None
11
9
2
25
23
19
4
53
Regarding family income per month majority 53% were
from above Rs 20,000 / , 21% from Rs 5001 – 10000, 11%
from above Rs 5000, 9% from Rs10001 – 15000 and 6%
from Rs 15001 – 20000 income. Participation of family
members in Physical activity: Highest 34% of them were
participated with others,30%withmother,30%withsibling
and 6% of them were participating in physical activity with
father. Obesity in family members: In 53% of them were not
found obesity in the family members, 23% of the samples
mothers were obese, 19% obesity was found in Father and
4% was found in grandparents respectively.
4. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
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Section B: Obesity Determinants
Table 2: Frequency and percentage distribution of dietary pattern of adolescents
n=47
Questions related to dietary pattern N %
1. your food habits:
Vegetarian
Non-vegetarian
Eggitarian
Mixed
21
3
1
22
45
6
2
47
2.Intake of carbonated beverages :
Daily
Once a week
Thrice a week
Occasional
3
22
3
19
6
47
6
40
3.How many litres of carbonated drink you consume :
<=1/2 a lt
1 lt
1.5 lt
≥2 lt
23
14
7
3
49
30
15
6
4.how often eat junk food :
Daily
Once in a week
Trice in a week
Never
0
35
4
8
0
74
9
17
5.How many pieces of sweets you consume per day :
1 piece
2 pieces
>2 pieces
Never
29
14
4
0
62
30
8
0
6.How often you eat outside the home:
Every day
Once in a week
Once in a month
Never
3
20
10
4
6
43
21
30
7. Munching /Nibbling of food in-between the meals:
One time
Two times
More than three times
Never
12
11
1
23
26
23
2
49
8. Skip off breakfast :
Once a week
Twice a week
Thrice a week
Never
4
1
5
37
9
2
11
79
9. How many servings of fruits you eat per day:
One serving
Two servings
Three servings
Never
25
11
3
8
53
23
6
17
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10. How many total servings of vegetables you eat each day:
One serving
2 servings
3 servings
Never
6
14
27
0
13
30
57
0
11.type of food you like :
Packed food
Street food
Homemade food
All the above
0
4
40
3
0
9
85
6
Related to food habits 47% of the samples were having the habit of taking mixed diet, 45% werehavingvegetarianfoodhabits,
65 and 25 were having non vegetarian and vegetarian respectively. Intake of carbonated beverages 47% of them were
consuming once in a week, 40% occasional, 6% and 6% were consuming daily and thrice in a week.Quantityofthecarbonated
beverages 49% were taking ½ liter, 30% were taking one liter, 15 and 6% were taking 1.5 liters and more and equal to two
liters respectively. Related to junk food: 74% were taking once in a week, 17% were never tasted, 9% were taken thrice in a
week and none were in the option daily. Consumption of sweets per day: 62% were taken one piece per day, 30% were taken
two pieces per day, 8% were taken more than two pieces per day and none were in optionnever.Consumptionof outsidefood:
majority 43% had once in a week, 30% never had from out side, 21% once in a month and 6% every day. Related to munching
in between the meals: 49% never had food in between the meals, 26% one time, 23%twotimesand 2%morethan threetimes.
Servings of fruits per day: 53% had one serving, 235 had two, 17% had never taken and 6%had three serving. Servings of
vegetables per day: 57% three servings, 30% two servings, 13% one serving and none of the samples under the option never.
Majority 85% liked homemade food, 9% street food, 6% were liked street food, homemade packed food and none of them
under the option packed food.
Table 3: Frequency and percentage distribution of physical exercise of adolescents
n=47
Questionnaire Related to Physical exercise n %
12. Which are the sports you play:
Cricket
Table tennis
Carom
chess
12
6
21
8
26
13
45
17
13.How many hours you play :
≤1 hour
2 hours
3 hours
More than 3 hours
22
12
10
3
47
26
21
6
14. How many hours you exercise per day :
≥30 minutes
1 hours
1 and half an hours
>= 2 hours
37
7
2
1
79
15
4
2
15. What is the mode of Transport to school by :
Walk
Cycle/two wheeler
School vehicle
Private vehicle
0
17
14
16
0
36
30
34
16.How many hours sleep in a day :
7-8 hours
8-9 hours
9-10 hours
More than 10 hours
36
9
2
0
77
19
4
0
17.How many hours you participate in house hold work after school:
≤ 1 hours
2 hours
More than 2 hours
Never
23
9
2
13
49
19
4
28
The above table is related to physical exercise questionnaire Related to sports played by the samples: majority of the samples
45% of them played foot ball, 26% played cricket, 17% played chess and 13% played caroms. Hours played :47% of them
played for less than or equal to one hour, 26% played for two hours, 21%played forthreehoursand 6%played for morethan3
hours. Related to exercise per day: 79% of them exercised for less thanorequaltothirtyminutes,15%foronehour, 4%forone
hour thirty minutes and 2% for more than or equal to 2hours. About transport to school: 36% of samples were going by cycle,
34% by personal vehicle means father was leaving, 30% by school bus and none of them were going by walk. Hours of sleepin
6. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
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a day: 77% were slept for 7-8 hrs, 19% for 9-10 hrs, 4% for 9-10 hrs and none of them were under the option of more than 10
hrs of sleep. Participation in house hold work after school: 49% were participated less than or equal to one hour, 28% were
never participated in house hold work after school.
Table 4: Frequency and percentage distribution of sedentary behavior of adolescents
n=47
Questionnaire Related to Sedentary behavior n %
18. How many hours you watch electronic media ( TV, computer, mobile, ) per day:
≤1 hour
2 hours
3 hours
> 3 hours
21
18
8
0
45
38
17
0
19. How many hours you watch electronic media ( mobile, TV, Computer) while eating food:
≥30 minutes
40 minutes
1 hr
>1 hr
33
2
7
5
70
4
15
11
Number of total hours watching electronic media (TV, Mobile, Computer):Majority45%of them watched forlessthanorequal
to 1 hour, 38% for two hours, 17% for three hours and none of them were under theoption of morethan threehours. Watching
electronic media while eating food: 70% of them were watching less than orequaltothirtyminutes, 15%foronehour,11%for
more than one hour, and 4% were for 40 minutes.
Table 5: Mean and Standard deviation (SD ) of the obesity determinants of adolescents
Determinants of obesity Max Score Range
Score
Mean SD Mean %
Dietary pattern 44 42-25 33 3.65 75
Physical exercise 24 18-10 13.38 1.95 56
Sedentary behavior 8 8-2 5.46 1.74 68
Overall 76 64-40 51.85 4.58 68
The above table 5 deals with mean, and standard deviation (Sd) of obesity determinants of school going adolescents. This
shows that adolescents got maximum mean percentage 75 (SD 3.65) in dietary pattern aspect and minimummeanpercentage
score of 56 with standard deviation 1.95 was found in physical exercise aspect.
The overall obesity determinants mean percentage score of the adolescents was 68 with standard deviation of 4.58.
Table 6: Frequency and percentage distribution of level of obesity in adolescents
Level of obesity
Score
f %
Low (58-76) 4 8.51
Moderate (39-57) 43 91.49
High (19-38) - -
Total 47 100
The above table shows level of obesity. The level of obesity reveals that most of the participants 91.49% of them were in
moderate level of obesity and the lowest percentage 8.51% of them were in low level of obesity. Hence it can be interpreted
that most of them were in moderate level of obesity.
Table No 7: Association between levels of obesity with obesity determinants
n=47
Obesity Determinants( Dietary Habits)
Under
weight <18.5
Healthy
>18.5-24.9
Over
Weight
25-29.5
Obese
>30
χ2 p-value
f % F % f % f %
1. your food habits:
Vegetarian
Non-vegetarian
Eggitarian
Mixed
14
2
1
11
29.8
4.3
2.1
23.4
4
1
0
4
8.5
2.1
0
8.5
3
0
0
5
6.3
0
0
10.6
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
4.3
4.79
(df=9)
0.851
NS
7. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD23825 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 4 | May-Jun 2019 Page: 824
2.Intake of carbonated beverages :
Daily
Once a week
Thrice a week
Occasional
3
14
2
9
6.3
29.8
4.3
19.2
0
5
0
4
0
10.6
0
8.5
0
3
1
4
0
6.3
2.1
8.5
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
4.3
6.97
(df=9)
0.640
NS
3.How many litre drink of
carbonated drink :
<=1/2 a lt
1 lt
1.5 lt
≥2 lt
14
8
4
2
29.7
17.0
8.5
4.3
5
2
2
0
10.6
4.3
4.3
0
3
4
1
0
6.4
8.5
2.1
0
1
0
0
1
2.1
0
0
2.1
9.91
(df=9)
P=0.358
NS
4.often eat junk food :
Daily
Once in a week
Trice in a week
Never
0
21
2
5
0
44.7
4.3
10.6
0
7
1
1
0
14.9
2.1
2.1
0
5
1
2
0
10.6
2.1
4.3
0
2
0
0
0
4.3
0
0
1.63
(df=6)
0.950
NS
5.How many pieces of sweets you
consume per day :
1 piece
2 pieces
>2 pieces
Never
17
10
1
0
36.17
21.28
2.13
0
5
3
1
0
10.6
6.4
2.1
0
5
1
2
0
10.6
2.13
4.3
0
2
0
0
0
4.3
0
0
0
5.90
(df=6)
0.434
NS
6.How often you eat outside the home:
Every day
Once in a week
Once in a month
Never
2
13
5
8
4.3
27.6
10.6
17.02
1
4
0
4
2.13
8.51
0
8.51
0
1
5
2
0
2.13
10.64
4.26
0
2
0
0
0
4.3
0
0
14.54
(df=9)
0.104
NS
7. Munching /Nibbling of food
in-between the meals:
One time
Two times
More than three times
Never
5
8
0
15
10.6
17.0
0
31.9
4
2
1
2
8.5
4.3
2.1
4.3
2
1
0
5
4.3
2.1
0
10.6
1
0
0
1
2.1
0
0
2.1
9.53
(df=9)
0.389
NS
8. Skip off breakfast :
Once a week
Twice a week
Thrice a week
Never
2
1
1
24
4.3
2.1
2.1
51.1
2
0
2
5
4.3
0
4.3
10.6
0
0
2
6
0
0
4.3
12.8
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
4.3
8.71
(df=9)
0.465
NS
9. How many servings of fruits
you eat per day:
One serving
Two servings
Three servings
Never
16
5
2
5
34
10.6
4.3
10.6
4
4
0
1
8.5
8.5
0
2.1
4
2
1
1
8.5
4.3
2.1
2.1
1
0
0
1
2.1
0
0
2.1
5.54
(df=9)
0.784
NS
10. How many total servings of
vegetables you eat each day:
One serving
2 servings
3 servings
Never
3
7
18
0
6.4
14.8
38.3
0
1
4
4
0
2.1
8.5
8.5
0
2
3
3
0
4.3
6.4
6.4
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
4.3
0
4.60
(df=6)
0.596
NS
11.type of food you like :
Packed food
Street food
Homemade food
All the above
0
1
25
2
0
2.1
53.19
4.2
0
2
7
0
0
4.3
14.9
0
0
1
6
1
0
2.1
12.7
2.1
0
0
2
0
0
0
4.3
0
4.56
(df=6)
0.600
NS
*P<0.05 -significant and **P<0.01 & ***P<0.001 - Highly significant and NS-Not Significant & S-Significant
The above table shows that there is no significant association (at P level 0.05) between the prevalence of obesitywithselected
dietary pattern
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@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD23825 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 4 | May-Jun 2019 Page: 825
Table No 8: Association between levels of obesity with obesity determinants
n=47
Obesity determinants (Physical exercise)
Under
weight
Healthy
Over
Weight
Obese
χ2 p-value
f % F % f % f %
12. Which are the sports you play:
Cricket
Foot Ball
Carom
Chess
8
4
13
3
17.0
8.5
27.6
6.4
2
1
4
2
4.3
2.1
8.5
4.3
2
1
3
2
4.3
2.1
6.4
4.3
0
0
1
1
0
0
2.1
2.1
3.48
(df=9)
0.942
NS
13.How many hours you play :
≤1 hour
2 hours
3 hours
More than 3 hours
15
7
5
1
31.9
14.9
10.6
2.1
3
3
2
1
6.4
6.4
4.3
2.1
3
2
3
0
6.3
4.3
6.3
0
1
0
0
1
2.1
0
0
2.1
10.21
(df=9)
0.334
NS
14. How many hours you exercise per day :
≥30 minutes
1 hours
1 and half an hours
>= 2 hours
25
3
0
0
53.1
6.4
0
0
7
1
1
0
14.9
2.1
2.1
0
4
2
1
1
8.5
4.3
2.1
2.1
1
1
0
0
2.1
2.1
0
0
12.49
(df=9)
0.187
NS
15.Transport to school by :
Walk
Cycle
School vehicle
Private vehicle
0
12
5
11
0
25.5
10.6
23.4
0
2
4
3
0
4.3
8.5
6.4
0
3
4
1
0
6.4
8.5
2.1
0
0
1
1
0
0
2.1
2.1
6.38
(df=6)
P=0.382
NS
16.How many hours sleep in a day
7-8 hours
8-9 hours
9-10 hours
More than 10 hours
21
5
2
0
44.7
10.6
4.3
0
7
2
0
0
14.9
4.3
0
0
6
2
0
0
12.7
4.3
0
0
2
0
0
0
4.3
0
0
0
2.11
(df=6)
0.909
NS
17.How many hours you participate in
house hold work after school:
≤ 1 hours
2 hours
More than 2 hours
Never
12
7
1
8
25.5
14.8
2.1
17.0
5
0
0
4
10.6
0
0
8.5
5
1
1
1
10.6
2.1
2.1
2.1
1
1
0
0
2.1
2.1
0
0
7.91
(df=9)
0.542
NS
*P<0.05 -significant and **P<0.01 & ***P<0.001 - Highly significant and NS-Not Significant & S-Significant
The above table shows that there is no association between selected obesity determinants with level of obesity
Table No 9: Association between levels of obesity and obesity determinants
n=47
Demographic variables (sedentary Behavior)
Under
weight
Healthy
Over
Weight
Obese
χ2 p-value
f % F % f % f %
18. How many hours you watch electronic
media ( TV, computer, mobile, ) per day:
≤1 hour
2 hours
3 hours
> 3 hours
12
10
6
0
25.5
21.2
12.77
0
3
6
0
0
6.4
12.8
0
0
5
1
2
0
10.6
2.1
4.3
0
1
1
0
0
2.13
2.13
0
0
6.75
(df=6)
0.344
NS
19. How many hours you watch electronic Media
( mobile, TV, Computer) while eating food:
≥30 minutes
40 minutes
1 hr
>1 hr
20
0
6
2
42.5
0
12.8
4.3
6
2
0
1
12.7
4.3
0
2.1
7
0
1
0
14.8
0
2.1
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
4.3
28.87
(df=8)
0.001**
HS
*P<0.05 -significant and **P<0.01 & ***P<0.001 - Highly significant and NS-Not Significant & S-Significant
There is no significant association between selected obesity determinants with level of obesity
Section C: Association of levels of obesity with selected socio demographic variables
10. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD23825 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 4 | May-Jun 2019 Page: 827
The above table deals with the association of adolescents
demographic variables with the level of obesity.
It showed that there is a significant association between the
level of obesity and weight , mothers qualification , and
family history of obesity of the adolescents at p<0.001
(df=9), p<0.044 (df6), p<0.021 (df9) level of significance
respectively.
The other socio demographic variables like age,gender,type
of school, class, height, type of family, father’s qualification,
family monthly income, and family participation in exercise
are not having any significant association with the level of
obesity.
DISCUSSION:
The present study has been conducted to find out, the
prevalence of obesity in school going adolescents between
the age group of 13-15 years and to identify the factors
influencing childhood obesity. The overall prevalence of
obesity was 4 % and 17% were overweight. Out of 47
participants 2 boys were obese, and 6 boyswerehavingover
weight. Among girls out of 18 participants 2 were having
over weight.
Ramesh K Goyal et al (2010) was conducted a study on
Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in Indian Adolescent
School Going Children between theagegroupof 12-18 years.
Prevalence of overweight was found to be 14.3% among
boys and 9.2% among girls whereas the prevalence of
obesity was 2.9% in boys and 1.5% in girls. Prevalence of
obesity in this study is less and over weight is more when
compared to the above mentioned study.
Tesfalem Teshome et al (2013) conducted a study on
Prevalence and Associated Factors of Overweight and
Obesity Among High School Adolescents in Urban
Communities of Hawassa, Southern Ethiopia. The results
showed that the prevalence of overweight in the study
participants was 12.9% and the prevalence of obesity was
2.7% based on age and sex specific BMI classification while
based on TSFT, the prevalence of overweight and obesity
was 11.0% and 3.8% respectively. This study shows that
obesity and over weight is more compare to the present
study. The study also found that there were a statistically
significant association between sex, total physical activity,
socio economic index, consumption frequency of meat,fruit,
fast food and time spent watching TV/using computer with
overweight and obesity prevalence (p<0.05).The present
study also found that there were a statistically significant
association between sex, total physical activity, socio
economic index, consumption frequency of meat, fruit, fast
food and time spent watching TV/using computer with
overweight and obesity prevalence (p<0.05). The present
study also found statistically significant watching TV while
eating.
Mannapur et al (2015)conducted a study on prevalence of
obesity and its influencing factors among school children of
bagalkot city, Karnataka. A total of 750 students from
standard V to X, aged between 10-15 years had been
enrolled in the study. The result was 22.53% of the children
had family history of obesity. The total prevalence of obesity
was 2.80%. The Prevalence of obesity among male was
2.01% and in female it was 0.79%. The association between
obesity in children and family H/O obesity, Diabetes,
frequency of outdoor games, number of high energy food
intake and education of mother is found to be statistically
significant. The present study has got 23% of the children
had family history of obesity and also mothers qualification
is found statistically significant.
Anil P Kumar et al (2015) Studied on prevalence and
determinants of overweight and obesity among affluent 12-
15 yrs adolescents in Vijayawada city, Andhra Pradesh.
Results were overall prevalence of overweight and obesity
was 26.9% and 8.7%. Among the study participants, 50.6%
were boys of which 15.7% were overweight and 5.4% were
obese, and 49.38% were girls of which 11.2% were
overweight and 3.4% were obese. The major risk factors
include eating outside home, eating while watching TV,
increased frequency of snacking outside, lack of outdoor
sports, going to school onvehicles,prolongedschooltimings,
long periods of watching TV/using computer, no daily
exercise, both parents working, less hours of physical
training at school, and absence of playground in the school.
In the present study over weight and obesity was less
compare to the above study. Whereas among boys over
weight was more i.e 22.22% and 4.2% were obese out of
57.44%, and 6 males (22.22%) out of 57.44% plus 2 females
(11.11%) out of 38.29% were having over weight and the
overall prevalence of overweight was (17%) andprevalence
of obesity was 4%.
The observations of the pilot study need to be extended to a
larger cohort to derive significant implicationsLongitudinal,
cross sectional studies between several institutions are
required to estimate the prevalence of obesity and
determinants in children and adolescents of Jalandhar
Conclusion
The overall prevalence of overweight and obesity wasfound
to be 17% and 4%. The major risk factors were eating
outside home, eating while watching TV, frequency of
snacking outside, not playing outdoor games, mode of
transport to school, more hours of watching TV/using
computer, not exercising daily, less hours participating at
house hold work after the school hours and ofteneatingjunk
food. Frequency of carbonated drinks and frequency of
snacking were found not to influence the prevalence of
overweight and obesity. The parents need to be more
cautious about their child’s dietary habits. They should be
counseled by the pediatricianabouttheeffectsparentingcan
have on the child’s BMI and also on his/her future. Children
should be provided with physical training for at least 2 h per
week ,all state boards should implement recording of body
weight, height, BMI. Children of today consume food more
often in commercial food centers without an understanding
of the nutritional imbalance that energy dense food can
impose. The role of parental motivation and participation in
physical activity programs assumes paramountsignificance.
Curriculum should include chapters on healthylivinghabits.
Children should be encouraged to play outdoor games
instead of computer games. Incentivesshouldbeprovided to
children to maintain a healthy lifestyle. Obesity and
overweight are major burdens to the society. Parents and
children need to be constantlyeducatedinmakingnutritious
food choices and the health burden that India faces due to
Type 2 diabetes. Effective public health programs need tobe
advocated in each school. With previously mentioned easy
measures, we can control overweight and obesity in
children, which in turn will reduce the number of obese
11. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD23825 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 4 | May-Jun 2019 Page: 828
adolescents. This will reduce the costs incurred on chronic
diseases and also make citizens efficient and healthy.
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