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This document discusses satellites and provides information about different types of orbits. It begins by defining what a satellite is and provides examples of natural and man-made satellites. It then lists the first 10 countries to launch satellites and the dates of their first launches. The document concludes by describing and comparing the 4 main types of orbits for satellites: geostationary Earth orbit (GEO), low Earth orbit (LEO), medium Earth orbit (MEO), and high Earth orbit (HEO). For each orbit type, it provides details on altitude, period, examples of applications, and distinguishing characteristics.
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i. The document discusses the history and development of artificial satellites from Sputnik 1, the first artificial satellite launched by the Soviet Union in 1957, to modern satellite systems. It describes the key components and subsystems of satellites, including for communications, weather monitoring, navigation, earth observation, and more. It also outlines the basic process of building, launching, operating and deorbiting artificial satellites.
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what is satellite communication
Satellite communication uses artificial satellites placed into orbit around Earth to relay signals for various applications. There are three main types of orbits - low Earth orbit (LEO), medium Earth orbit (MEO), and geostationary Earth orbit (GEO). LEO satellites orbit closer to Earth and are used for weather monitoring, GPS, and reconnaissance. MEO satellites have a wider coverage area than LEO and are used for navigation. GEO satellites orbit at the same rate as Earth's rotation and provide large coverage areas, making them well-suited for television, radio, and military communications. Satellites receive uplink signals from ground stations and retransmit them back to Earth for reception.
Satellites
Satellites are objects built and sent into Earth's orbit that transmit information to ground stations via radio waves. Communication satellites made wireless communication cheaper than telephone lines in the early 20th century by using digital systems. Weather satellites in geosynchronous orbit provide 24-hour monitoring of specific areas, while other satellites not in this orbit can track ships and fires from low Earth orbit. Remote sensing satellites in low orbit take images of the Earth's surface to send data on heat, resources, and urbanization. GPS satellites accurately track locations within a few meters via radio signals.
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Voyager 1 was launched in 1977 to take advantage of a rare alignment of the outer planets. It conducted flybys of Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune, and was designed to last 5 years but is still operating over 35 years later. Voyager 1 carries instruments to study the solar system and a Golden Record with photos and sounds of Earth. It has traveled over 18 billion km from Earth and will be the first human-made object to leave the solar system.
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The document discusses the early development of artificial satellites from the theoretical work of Konstantin Tsiolkovsky and experimental work of Robert Goddard in the early 20th century. It then summarizes the key events in the launch of early satellites including the Soviet Union's launch of Sputnik 1 in 1957, the first artificial satellite, and the United States' launch of Explorer 1 in 1958. The document concludes that satellites have become an integral part of everyday life and have greatly impacted fields such as communications, navigation, weather monitoring, and more since those early launchings.
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Satellites are objects built and sent into Earth's orbit that transmit information to ground stations via radio waves. Communication satellites made wireless communication cheaper than telephone lines in the early 20th century by using digital systems. Weather satellites in geosynchronous orbit provide 24-hour monitoring of specific areas, while other satellites not in this orbit can track ships and fires from low Earth orbit. Remote sensing satellites in low orbit take images of the Earth's surface to send data on heat, resources, and urbanization. GPS satellites accurately track locations within a few meters via radio signals.
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Voyager 1 was launched in 1977 to take advantage of a rare alignment of the outer planets. It conducted flybys of Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune, and was designed to last 5 years but is still operating over 35 years later. Voyager 1 carries instruments to study the solar system and a Golden Record with photos and sounds of Earth. It has traveled over 18 billion km from Earth and will be the first human-made object to leave the solar system.
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The theory of satellites was simple enough - shoot something out into space at the right speed and on the correct trajectory and it will stay up there, orbiting Earth, for years - if not forever. If the orbit is the right distance in space the satellite will keep pace with the rotation of the Earth.
Early in October 1957 communications stations started picking up a regular beeping noise coming from space.
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Satellites have evolutionized communication. Satellite communication has served mankind in many ways for instance its is used to predict weather and broadcast storm warnings and also provides a wide range of communication services in the fields of relaying television programs, digital data for a multitude of business services. It might not surprise us if, in near future satellite links are used for voice and fax transmission to aircraft on international routes. Communications satellite systems have entered a period of transition from point-to-point high-capacity trunk communications between large, costly ground terminals to multipoint-to-multipoint communications between small, low-cost stations. As any invention develops with the passage of time, satellite communication has also moved a step ahead from what it was in the past with the use of several techniques such as frequency reuse, interconnecting many ground stations spread over the world, concept of multiple spot beam communications, these days lasers are effectively used for transmission through satellites. The latest development in satellites is the use of networks of small satellites in low earth orbits.
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1) The protoplanet hypothesis explains the formation of solar systems with three steps - a cloud of dust and gas begins swirling, most material accumulates to form the sun, and remaining material forms smaller clumps that become planets.
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As parts of the Earth were colonized there success sometimes depended on the raw materials that were available to support the colony.
This could be same for Mars. Materials could be mined from Mars to support the colony or to send back to Earth. Its close location to the asteroid belt could also allow mining of iron nickel meteorites which are abundantly found throughout the asteroid belt.
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Earth observation satellites monitor Earth from orbit and are used for environmental monitoring, meteorology, and terrain mapping. The ASTER satellite collects visible, near infrared, and thermal infrared imagery at 15-90m resolution for monitoring clouds, glaciers, land, temperature, sea ice, and snow cover. Landsat-8 collects operational land imagery and thermal data at 30-90m resolution for uses including oceanography, vegetation, and biomass mapping. SPOT-5 collects high resolution geometric data at 5-20m for environmental assessment, agriculture, and marine studies.
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1) ExoplanetSat is a CubeSat mission that aims to detect Earth-sized exoplanets transiting nearby bright stars using ultra-precise photometry.
2) It will monitor individual target stars to detect the characteristic dip in light level caused by a transiting exoplanet. Any planets detected could then be studied by larger telescopes to characterize their atmospheres.
3) ExoplanetSat's design incorporates a 6cm telescope combined with a fine image stabilization system to achieve near shot-noise limited photometry, allowing detection of Earth-sized planets transiting stars as bright as magnitude 6.
Satellite
This document provides an overview of satellite communication systems. It discusses the history of satellites beginning in 1945 and describes various satellite types including GEO, LEO, MEO and HEO. Applications of satellite systems include weather forecasting, radio/TV broadcasting, navigation, telephone networks, and providing remote/rural connectivity. The document also outlines characteristics of satellite systems such as orbital heights, footprints, and specialized antennas.
Satellite detail Asim khan GNSS-7 IST
This document provides an overview of satellite systems. It discusses the main types of satellites including natural satellites like moons and artificial satellites launched by humans. The history of satellite development is summarized starting with Galileo's discovery of Jupiter's moons in 1610 and the first artificial satellites Sputnik 1 and satellites carrying animals. The document also briefly summarizes the typical sizes, masses and orbit types of different classes of satellites and provides some examples. Finally, it describes the basic mathematical principles governing satellite motion and orbits, and provides a high-level overview of the typical subsystems and structure of a satellite bus and payload.
My slides on satellite
The document provides details about satellite communication history and technology. It discusses key events like the launch of Sputnik 1 in 1957 as the first artificial satellite and describes various satellite systems including low Earth orbit (LEO), medium Earth orbit (MEO), and geostationary orbit (GEO). It also covers topics like how satellites are launched, orbital velocities, satellite costs, and components of a basic satellite system.
Satellite Applications
Satellite applications can be categorized into four main types: communication satellites, navigation satellites, observation satellites, and weather satellites. Communication satellites allow for radio, television, and telephone transmissions globally. Navigation satellites like GPS use timing signals from satellites to precisely determine location. Observation satellites are used for non-military purposes like environmental monitoring and map making. Weather satellites scan Earth with instruments to form images of cloud cover, temperatures, and weather systems.
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Assignment4
- 1. CITY UNIVERSITY Faculty of Science and Engineering Department of Computer Science and Engineering Spring 2021 Assignment On Computer Network Submitted to: Pranab Bandhu Nath Lecturer Department of CSE Submitted by: Mahabuba Alam Mitu 1834902625
- 2. 2 SATELLITE What Is a Satellite? NASA has more than a dozen Earth science satellites in orbit. They help NASA study the oceans, land and atmosphere. Credits: NASA The Jason-2 satellite orbits Earth. It carries tools and sensors to help scientists study the oceans. Credits: NASA
- 3. 3 The Sputnik satellite was about the size of a basketball and weighed 183 pounds. Credits: NASA This article is part of the NASA Knows! (Grades 5-8) series. A satellite is a moon, planet or machine that orbits a planet or star. For example, Earth is a satellite because it orbits the sun. Likewise, the moon is a satellite because it orbits Earth. Usually, the word "satellite" refers to a machine that is launched into space and moves around Earth or another body in space. First launch by country Order Country Date of first launch Rocket Satellite(s) 1 Soviet Union 4 October 1957 Sputnik-PS Sputnik 1 2 United States 1 February 1958 Juno I Explorer 1 3 France 26 November 1965 Diamant-A Astérix 4 Japan 11 February 1970 Lambda-4S Ohsumi 5 China 24 April 1970 Long March 1 Dong Fang Hong I 6 United Kingdom 28 October 1971 Black Arrow Prospero
- 4. 4 First launch by country Order Country Date of first launch Rocket Satellite(s) 7 India 18 July 1980 SLV Rohini D1 8 Israel 19 September 1988 Shavit Ofeq 1 – [1] Russia 21 January 1992 Soyuz-U Kosmos 2175 – [1] Ukraine 13 July 1992 Tsyklon-3 Strela 9 Iran 2 February 2009 Safir-1 Omid 10 North Korea 12 December 2012 Unha-3 Kwangmyŏngsŏng-3 Unit 2 11 South Korea 30 January 2013 Naro-1 STSAT-2C 12 New Zealand 12 November 2018 Electron CubeSat TYPES OF SATELLITE 1. GEO (Geostationary Earth Orbit) 2. LEO (Low Earth Orbit) 3. MEO (Medium Earth Orbit) 4. HEO (High Earth Orbit)
- 5. 5 1. GEO (Geostationary Earth Orbit) o If a satellite should appear in fixed in the sky, it requires a period of 24 hours. Using the equation of distance earth and satellite, r = (g.r2 /2.r.f)2 )1/3 and the period of 24 hours f = 1/24 h. the resulting distance is 35,786 km. the orbit must have an inclination of 0 degree. o Geostationary satellites have a distance of almost 36,000 km to the earth. Examples are almost all TV and radio broadcast satellites, any weather satellites and satellites operating as backbones for the telephone network. 2. LEO (Low Earth Orbit) o As LEOs circulate on a lower orbit, it is obvious that they exhibit a much shorter period (the typical duration of LEO periods are 95 to 120 minutes). Additionally, LEO systems try to ensure a high elevation for every spot on earth to provide a high quality communication link. o Each LEO satellite will only be visible from the earth for about ten minutes. 3. MEO (Medium Earth Orbit) o A MEO satellite situates in orbit somewhere between 6,000 km to 20,000 km above the earth's surface. o MEO satellites are similar to LEO satellites in the context of functionality. o MEO satellites are similar to LEO satellite in functionality. 4. HEO (High Earth Orbit) o The High Earth orbit satellite is the only non-circular orbit of the four types. o HEO satellite operates with an elliptical orbit, with a maximum altitude (apogee) similar to GEO, and a minimum altitude (perigee) similar to the LEO.