Weather satellites period 3
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Weather satellites can be either geostationary or polar orbiting. Geostationary satellites orbit above the equator at high altitudes and rotate with the Earth, while polar orbiting satellites circle the poles at lower altitudes. Weather satellites detect data using visible and infrared spectrums to measure cloud cover, temperatures, and weather systems to aid forecasting. Some of the first experimental satellites included Vanguard-2 and TIROS-1, though TIROS-1 was the first successful weather satellite launched by NASA.
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Weather satellites period 2
Weather satellites were invented by NASA scientists to scan images of Earth using radiometers, which measure temperature and cloud cover. The satellites orbit Earth, completing a full rotation every 24 hours to monitor global weather patterns and conditions. They provide data on cloud cover, storm locations, atmospheric temperature and heat balance.
Weather satellites
The weather satellite was invented by a group of scientists and engineers working for NASA, not a single person. On April 1, 2000, NOAA launched the first weather satellite, which was composed of GOES and POES satellites that provided full Earth coverage and processed collected data. Weather satellites use radiometers to scan the Earth and detect radiation to monitor weather, transmitting data to ground stations within a minute for meteorologists to track patterns and make forecasts. They can operate for 3 to 7 years in either geostationary or polar orbits.
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The first weather satellite was TIROS-1, created by a team at NASA in 1960 without a single inventor. Weather satellites use radiometers with detectors for infrared, microwave, and visible light to take images from orbit. They provide data on clouds, temperatures, storms, and other weather patterns up to every 12 hours. Infrared satellites in particular help fishermen and farmers by detecting tropical cyclones and calculating surface temperatures. All weather satellites have exterior imaging devices like radiometers and often use solar panels to generate power.
Meteorologcal application of satellites
The document discusses the use of meteorological satellites, weather balloons, and sounding rockets for weather forecasting. It provides background on severe weather events that have caused major damage, highlighting the need for improved forecasting. It then describes some of the first meteorological satellites, including TIROS-1, which was the first to transmit cloud photos from space. It also discusses the NIMBUS satellites, which had improved coverage over the TIROS satellites and helped enable long-term observations of phenomena like the ozone hole.
Satellites
Satellites are objects built and sent into Earth's orbit that transmit information to ground stations via radio waves. Communication satellites made wireless communication cheaper than telephone lines in the early 20th century by using digital systems. Weather satellites in geosynchronous orbit provide 24-hour monitoring of specific areas, while other satellites not in this orbit can track ships and fires from low Earth orbit. Remote sensing satellites in low orbit take images of the Earth's surface to send data on heat, resources, and urbanization. GPS satellites accurately track locations within a few meters via radio signals.
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Early astronomers used tools like the sundial, merkhet, quadrant, astrolabe, and cross-staff to measure the passage of time and the positions of stars and other astronomical objects. The telescope, invented in the late 16th century, revolutionized astronomy by allowing astronomers to observe celestial objects in greater detail. Units like the astronomical unit (AU) and light-year provide standardized measures for distances within our solar system and across the wider universe.
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Mars is an extreme planet that offers little hospitality to visitors. It has the largest volcano in the solar system, the deepest canyon, and unpredictable weather and temperatures. The Phoenix spacecraft launched in 2007 to study the northern polar regions of Mars, where water ice is found. It landed successfully in 2008 and spent over 150 Martian days digging trenches and analyzing soil samples to search for organic compounds that could indicate the possibility of past life. Phoenix carried instruments to study the atmosphere and scan as high as 20 km to observe cloud and dust activity.
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Weather satellites were invented by NASA scientists to scan images of Earth using radiometers, which measure temperature and cloud cover. The satellites orbit Earth, completing a full rotation every 24 hours to monitor global weather patterns and conditions. They provide data on cloud cover, storm locations, atmospheric temperature and heat balance.
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The weather satellite was invented by a group of scientists and engineers working for NASA, not a single person. On April 1, 2000, NOAA launched the first weather satellite, which was composed of GOES and POES satellites that provided full Earth coverage and processed collected data. Weather satellites use radiometers to scan the Earth and detect radiation to monitor weather, transmitting data to ground stations within a minute for meteorologists to track patterns and make forecasts. They can operate for 3 to 7 years in either geostationary or polar orbits.
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The first weather satellite was TIROS-1, created by a team at NASA in 1960 without a single inventor. Weather satellites use radiometers with detectors for infrared, microwave, and visible light to take images from orbit. They provide data on clouds, temperatures, storms, and other weather patterns up to every 12 hours. Infrared satellites in particular help fishermen and farmers by detecting tropical cyclones and calculating surface temperatures. All weather satellites have exterior imaging devices like radiometers and often use solar panels to generate power.
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Satellites
Satellites are objects built and sent into Earth's orbit that transmit information to ground stations via radio waves. Communication satellites made wireless communication cheaper than telephone lines in the early 20th century by using digital systems. Weather satellites in geosynchronous orbit provide 24-hour monitoring of specific areas, while other satellites not in this orbit can track ships and fires from low Earth orbit. Remote sensing satellites in low orbit take images of the Earth's surface to send data on heat, resources, and urbanization. GPS satellites accurately track locations within a few meters via radio signals.
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Early astronomers used tools like the sundial, merkhet, quadrant, astrolabe, and cross-staff to measure the passage of time and the positions of stars and other astronomical objects. The telescope, invented in the late 16th century, revolutionized astronomy by allowing astronomers to observe celestial objects in greater detail. Units like the astronomical unit (AU) and light-year provide standardized measures for distances within our solar system and across the wider universe.
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Mars is an extreme planet that offers little hospitality to visitors. It has the largest volcano in the solar system, the deepest canyon, and unpredictable weather and temperatures. The Phoenix spacecraft launched in 2007 to study the northern polar regions of Mars, where water ice is found. It landed successfully in 2008 and spent over 150 Martian days digging trenches and analyzing soil samples to search for organic compounds that could indicate the possibility of past life. Phoenix carried instruments to study the atmosphere and scan as high as 20 km to observe cloud and dust activity.
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Mars is an extreme planet that offers little hospitality to visitors due to its arid, rocky, and cold conditions. It has the largest volcano in the solar system and crazy weather patterns, posing challenges even to extreme sports enthusiasts. The Phoenix spacecraft launched in 2007 to study Mars' northern polar regions and search for water ice and organic compounds, landing in 2008. It has an oven and laboratory to analyze soil samples from trenches dug by its robotic arm up to 1.6 feet deep to study seasonal climate changes in the water ice layers. Phoenix also scans the atmosphere and measures temperature and pressure.
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- The document concludes by briefly summarizing some space probes and their missions, including Philae landing on a comet, Curiosity exploring Mars, Cassini orbiting Saturn, and Voyager 1 and 2 reaching the outer solar system.
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Nicolaus Copernicus first proposed that the Earth and planets revolve around the Sun, contradicting the accepted model of Ptolemy and Aristotle of Earth as the center of the universe. Major developments included Galileo's use of the telescope to observe moons orbiting Jupiter and rings around Saturn, and Isaac Newton's formulation of the law of gravity. Modern space exploration began with Sputnik I and has involved satellites providing communication, weather monitoring, navigation, and other applications as well as human missions to orbit and walk on the Moon.
Comet [autosaved]
The document provides information on 20 comets, including Halley's Comet, Comet McNaught, Comet Hyakutake, Comet Borrelly, Hale-Bopp Comet, Comet Chiron, Comet Wild 2, Comet Tempel-Tuttle, Comet Encke, Shoemaker-Levy 9, Comet Churyumov-Gerasimenko, Comet Leonard, Comet 103P/Hartley, Comet Donati, Comet Kohoutek, 'Oumuamua, Comet PanSTARRS, and others. It describes attributes like orbital period, size, discovery date, and notable appearances or impacts for each comet.
Chapter 22 – astronomical technology
The document summarizes different types of telescopes and space probes used to explore the universe, and some of their key contributions. It discusses radio, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-ray, and gamma ray telescopes, as well as notable space telescopes like Hubble and the upcoming James Webb Space Telescope. It also outlines various space probes sent to study planets, moons, comets and more, providing images to advance scientists' understanding of the solar system. Finally, it lists some technologies that were developed for space exploration but later found applications on Earth.
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- 1. Weather Satellites By: Kyle Schaeffer and Tori Roeder
- 2. Inventors Arthur C. Clark was the inventor of the satellite in October 1945. John Daniell’s research lead to the invention of Tirous -1 in 1820.
- 3. First Ever Satellite’s Vanguard-2 was launched on February 17, 1959 and it was designed to measure cloud cover and resistant but it was unsuccessful. Tirous-1 was considered the first successful launch by NASA on April 1, 1960.
- 4. Geostationary Satellites Orbit the earth above the equator at altitudes of 22,300 miles(35,880 Kilometers). These satellites rotate with the earth.
- 5. Polar Orbiting Satellites Circle the earth at altitudes of 530 miles (850 Kilometers) These satellites pass over the poles in there continuous flight. These offer much better resolution then the Geostationary Satellites because its closer to the earth.
- 6. Visible Spectrum Measures clouds, cloud systems such as fronts and tropical storms, lakes, forest, mountains, snow ice, fires and pollution such as smoke smog, dust and haze and even wind can be determined by cloud patterns.
- 7. Infrared Spectrum It records infrared or thermal image. This is recorded by sensors called scanning radiometers. This determines clud heights and types to calculate land and surface water temperatures.
- 8. Uses of Weather Satellites It is used to trace and locate weather systems like hurricanes, thunderstorms, tornadoes, rain, hail, and it also shows the temperature of water, land, and air.
- 9. What it looks like. Weather Satellites depend on if it is in the air or in space.