As parts of the Earth were colonized there success sometimes depended on the raw materials that were available to support the colony.
This could be same for Mars. Materials could be mined from Mars to support the colony or to send back to Earth. Its close location to the asteroid belt could also allow mining of iron nickel meteorites which are abundantly found throughout the asteroid belt.
Research missions to launch in spring 2018 wonderdome
Three – Two – One …Blast off!
With two very exciting launches scheduled for this Spring, scientists are getting ready to learn more about our own and other planetary systems.
TESS orbiter is scheduled to take off on April 16, 2018 and the InSight lander might start its space journey as early as May 5, 2018.
Research missions to launch in spring 2018 wonderdome
Three – Two – One …Blast off!
With two very exciting launches scheduled for this Spring, scientists are getting ready to learn more about our own and other planetary systems.
TESS orbiter is scheduled to take off on April 16, 2018 and the InSight lander might start its space journey as early as May 5, 2018.
We are in the middle of one of the most exciting moments in history of Astronomy and maybe of mankind. Any minute we will discover our next home. Learn more about the Exoplanet Revolution in this presentation that includes spectacular pictures.
TOWARDS THE HUMAN COLONIZATION OF OTHER WORLDS.pdfFaga1939
This article aims to present the scientific and technological advances that need to be achieved for humanity to colonize other worlds. Mars, which has been explored for about 60 years, should be the first alternative to be colonized by humans. All this effort that is being carried out to explore the planet Mars aims at its colonization in the future. NASA intends to send humans on missions to Mars by 2030. The challenges of colonizing Mars are immense, but every effort must be made to make this planet an alternative habitable place for humans in the face of threats to their survival on planet Earth with the occurrence catastrophic climate change and eruption of volcanoes as has occurred in the past that could lead to the extinction of human beings, the collision of asteroids, comets, planets of the solar system and orphan planets with planet Earth, the emission of gamma rays by stars supernovae that could lead to the extinction of life on Earth as it has already occurred in the past and the continued removal of the Moon in relation to the Earth and its catastrophic consequences on the Earth's climate. Significant scientific and technological advances need to be developed to provide the conditions for humanity to colonize celestial bodies in the solar system and beyond. The inventions that may occur in the future will be fundamental to enable the increase of knowledge about the Universe in order to contribute towards humanity being able to overcome the threats to its existence coming from outer space and to colonize other worlds.
We are in the middle of one of the most exciting moments in history of Astronomy and maybe of mankind. Any minute we will discover our next home. Learn more about the Exoplanet Revolution in this presentation that includes spectacular pictures.
TOWARDS THE HUMAN COLONIZATION OF OTHER WORLDS.pdfFaga1939
This article aims to present the scientific and technological advances that need to be achieved for humanity to colonize other worlds. Mars, which has been explored for about 60 years, should be the first alternative to be colonized by humans. All this effort that is being carried out to explore the planet Mars aims at its colonization in the future. NASA intends to send humans on missions to Mars by 2030. The challenges of colonizing Mars are immense, but every effort must be made to make this planet an alternative habitable place for humans in the face of threats to their survival on planet Earth with the occurrence catastrophic climate change and eruption of volcanoes as has occurred in the past that could lead to the extinction of human beings, the collision of asteroids, comets, planets of the solar system and orphan planets with planet Earth, the emission of gamma rays by stars supernovae that could lead to the extinction of life on Earth as it has already occurred in the past and the continued removal of the Moon in relation to the Earth and its catastrophic consequences on the Earth's climate. Significant scientific and technological advances need to be developed to provide the conditions for humanity to colonize celestial bodies in the solar system and beyond. The inventions that may occur in the future will be fundamental to enable the increase of knowledge about the Universe in order to contribute towards humanity being able to overcome the threats to its existence coming from outer space and to colonize other worlds.
Article by Ken Kremer
he Mars 2020 Perseverance mission is NASA’s next mission to Mars as well as
being the most complex and scientifically advanced robotic mission sent to
the Red Planet.
The $2.4 Billion Mars Perseverance rover is a flagship mission dedicated to the
search for signs of life beyond Earth, as part of NASA’s Mars Exploration Program,
a long-term effort of robotic exploration of the Red Planet.
The Perseverance Mars 2020 mission will search for signs of ancient microbial life,
characterize Mars’ climate and geology, collect carefully selected samples for
future return to Earth, and pave the way for human exploration of the Red Planet
as soon as the 2030s.
Perseverance will also ferry a separate technology experiment to the surface of
Mars — a helicopter named Ingenuity, the first aircraft to fly in a controlled way
on another planet.
Launch is now targeted for a launch opportunity in the July/August timeframe
when Earth and Mars are aligned in good positions relative to each other for
landing on Mars.
The car-sized Perseverance Mars 2020 rover is targeted for liftoff on NET 30 July
2020 aboard a United Launch Alliance (ULA) Atlas V 541 rocket from Space
Launch Complex 41 on Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Florida.
The approximately month-long launch window for the Mars 2020 Perseverance
rover mission currently extends until August 15.
Why are so many rockets rushing blasting off to Mars.pdfauroraaudrey4826
Since the past few years, several rockets have been rushing off to the fourth planet of
our Solar System—Mars. Mars could be our new home besides Earth. Scientists and
researchers believe that the planet holds answers to many of our questions related to the
possibility of life outside of Earth.
For about eight years now, Space Authorities and other regulatory bodies have been
driving a nuclear-powered robot the size of a car on the surface of Mars. With a lot of
failed and expired missions, NASA’s Curiosity rover is still operating its post on the red
planet.
Three new rockets— NASA Rover, Perseverance by the US was sent to
the MARS in July as a part of the robotic exploration program.
China’s first rover with a host of other gear and UAE’s probe are second and third rockets
to fly off respectively. The inquiry will be sent to the martian orbit to measure the
atmosphere and is a part of Middle East’s first interplanetary mission.
Finding life beyond the realms of Earth will prove to be one of the most significant
discoveries by humans to date. It will help in unravelling the secrets and unknown facts
about the entire Universe. With the heated space race, ambitions have now shifted to
MARS from the Moon.
Why are so many rockets rushing blasting off to Mars.pdfbellabrookly2022
Since the past few years, several rockets have been rushing off to the fourth planet of our Solar System—Mars. Mars could be our new home besides Earth. Scientists and researchers believe that the planet holds answers to many of our questions related to the possibility of life outside of Earth.
A short glimpse of geology of the planet Mars. Good for undergraduate and post-graduate students of geology, geography, earth and planetary sciences, astronomy.
THE IMPORTANCE OF THE EXPLORATION OF THE PLANET MARS FOR HUMANITY'S SURVIVALFernando Alcoforado
This article aims to present the scientific and technological advances related to the exploration of the planet Mars and its colonization by humanity in the future as an alternative place for the escape of human beings aiming at their survival as a species against internal and external threats to planet Earth.
NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory - 2012 Annual reportJon Nelson
Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) is a federally funded research and development center and NASA field center located in Pasadena, California, United States.
JPL is managed by the nearby California Institute of Technology (Caltech) for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The laboratory's primary function is the construction and operation of robotic planetary spacecraft, though it also conducts Earth-orbit and astronomy missions. It is also responsible for operating NASA's Deep Space Network.
Among the laboratory's current major active projects are the Mars Science Laboratory mission (which includes the Curiosity rover), the Cassini–Huygens mission orbiting Saturn, the Mars Exploration Rovers (Spirit and Opportunity), the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, the Dawn mission to the dwarf planet Ceres and asteroid Vesta, the Juno spacecraft en route to Jupiter, the Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory (GRAIL) mission to the Moon, the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR) X-ray telescope, and the Spitzer Space Telescope.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...Ana Luísa Pinho
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
3. Facts Mars Earth
Average Distance
from Sun
142 million miles 93 million miles
Average Speed in
Orbiting Sun
14.5 miles/ second 18.5 miles/second
Diameter 4,220 miles 7,926 miles
Tilt of Axis 25 degrees 23.5 degrees
Length of Year 687 Earth Days 365.25 Days
Length of Day 24 hours 37
minutes
23 hours 56 min
Gravity .375 that of Earth 2.66 x that of Mars
Temperature
(average)
-81 degrees F 57 degrees F
Moons 2 1
4. The two moons of Mars are Phobos
and Deimos. They are irregular in
shape. Both were discovered by
American astronomer Asaph Hall in
August 1877.
Compared to the Earth's Moon, the
moons Phobos and Deimos are small.
Phobos has a diameter of 22.2 km
(13.8 mi) and Deimos12.6 km
(7.8 mi) while diameter of earth’s
moon is 3,474.8 km (2,159.2 mi)
5. Solar system’s largest volcano. It’s called Olympus Mons
27 km high (17 miles), it is roughly three times the height of Mount Everest.
6 km cliffs at the base (3.7 mile high)
6. The internal structure of Mars is
similar to that of Earth. It has three
layers: going inwards from the
outside, there is a relatively thin rocky
crust, a molten mantle and finally a
solid metal core.
The Elements of layers:
• Crust: Silicon, Oxygen, iron,
magnesium, aluminum, calcium, Majorite
and potassium.
• Mantle: Silicate group Minerals such as
Olivine, Pyroxene, garnet, amphibole etc.
• Core: iron, nickel and Sulfur.
7.
8. As ofMay2021,therehavebeen six successfulroboticallyoperated
Marsrovers,
1. Sojourner(1997) - NASA
2. Opportunity(2004) -NASA
3. Spirit(2004) -NASA
4. Curiosity(2012) - NASA
5. Perseverance(2021) - NASA
6. Zhurong(2021) - ChinaNationalSpaceAdministration
Spirit
Opportunity
9. Curiosityof the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission by NASA. It
landed onAugust 6,2012.
Perseverance, NASArover based on the successful Curiositydesign. It landed on February
18, 2021.
Zhuronglaunchedwith the Tianwen-1CNSAMars mission on July23, 2020,
landed onMay 14,2021
A Mars rover is a motor vehicle that travels across the
surface of the planet Mars upon arrival. Therearethree
active roveron Mars at present.
10. It is also robotic system. As of 2021, 21 lander missions and 8 sub-landers (Rovers and Penetrators) attempted to land on Mars. Of 21
landers, only InSight Mars Lander and Tianwen-1 is currently in operation on Mars.
The Objectives landers are,
Study the geological structure of Mars and that structure's historical evolution.
Study the characteristics of both the surface and underground layers of Martian soil
Study the composition and type of rocks on the Martian surface.
Study the ionosphere, the climate, the seasons, and more generally the atmosphere of Mars, both in its near-space environment and on its surface.
Study the internal structure of Mars, its magnetic field, the history of its geological evolution, the internal distribution of its mass, and its gravitational field.
Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and Heat Transport (InSight) is operatedby
NASA.
It is landedon 26 November2018
Tianwen-1 is an interplanetary mission by the China National Space
Administration (CNSA)
It is landed on 14 May 2021
11. Of all the planets Mars is by far the most habitable for humans, but there are still significant barriers to
overcome before Mars can be colonized.
Although plants and organisms on Earth have been able to survive in the harshest conditions on Earth,
they probably could not survive on Mars. If humans are able to colonize Mars it would provide an outlet
or option to extend human life even if Earth no longer existed or was uninhabitable.
The most necessary equipment needed is that which will keep humans alive while living there. This
equipment will include production equipment which will be able to produce food, water, energy, and
oxygen. They will also need equipment for general habitation and protection from the harsh elements of
Mars.