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ASSESSING NEEDS
The role ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Learners and teachers ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Process( cycle) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
What areas of learning does N.A address? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The old curriculum ,[object Object],[object Object]
Today ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],GOAL OF LANGUAGE USE SOURCE OF INSTRUCTIONAL CONTENT  Language ‘ Life ’   Didactic (education)   Teaching/practicing language Teaching practicing content  Social Talking/writing (re: language-as-content) Talking/writing re: non-language content
Can we get some ideas about what to teach from knowing  about   the students  themselves?  For instance do we teach children and adults the same thing? CHILDREN ADULTS Intellectual development Focus: here and now, concrete Can handle abstractions Attention span Short in classroom settings Relatively long Sensory input Much variety required Some variety required Affective factors Fragile in presence of peers Bring global self-esteem to classroom Authentic, meaningful language Language use for immediate rewards Tolerate less contextualiza-tion
Is there really anything to second language learning  beyond language ? ,[object Object],[object Object]
I’m talking about the ways you ‘get’ culture.  How about this list: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
We can gather information about the present ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The future ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Objective/ subjective ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Target and learning needs ,[object Object],[object Object]
Factors that can guide your choices ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
When ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Most useful parts of lesson according to students(Alcorso and Kalantzis1985):  ACTIVITY %  Grammar exercises   40  Structured class discussion/conversation   35  Copying written material , memorising, drill and repetition     25  Listening activities using casettes   20  Reading books and newspapers   15  Writing stories,poems,descritions   12  Drama role-play, songs, languge games   12  Using audio-visuals, tv. ,video   11  Communication tasks, problem solving     10  Excursions with the class   7    (David Nunan :1988i)
Framework ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Assessment activities ( once or on a regular basis) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],DATA  :   WHEN COLLECTED?    BY WHOM?    HOW?   FOR WHAT PURPOSE?
A.For what communicative questions and tasks do you wish to learn English?  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Ongoing  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
B.What learning activities do you prefer?  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
C.Which skiils are most important for you? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
  D.What sort of groupings do you prefer?  ,[object Object]
Learning Strategies (examples) Memory “ I use new English words in a sentence, so I can remember them.” Cognitive “ I try not to translate word for word.” Compensa-tion “ To understand unfamiliar English words, I make guesses.” Meta-cognitive “ I think about my progress in learning English.” Affective “ I give myself a reward or treat when I do well in English.” Social “ I practice English with other students.”
Reed,  Perceptual Learning Style Preference Survey   Strongly  agree (SA)  Agree (A) Undecided (U) Disagree (D) strongly disagree (SD) X
SA A U D SD 1. When the teacher tells me the instructions, I understand better.   2. I prefer to learn by doing something in class.   3. I get more work done when I work with others. 4. I learn more when I study with a group   5. I class, I learn best when I work with others. 6. I learn better by reading than by listening to someone.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

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Assessing Needs

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  • 8. Can we get some ideas about what to teach from knowing about the students themselves? For instance do we teach children and adults the same thing? CHILDREN ADULTS Intellectual development Focus: here and now, concrete Can handle abstractions Attention span Short in classroom settings Relatively long Sensory input Much variety required Some variety required Affective factors Fragile in presence of peers Bring global self-esteem to classroom Authentic, meaningful language Language use for immediate rewards Tolerate less contextualiza-tion
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  • 26. Learning Strategies (examples) Memory “ I use new English words in a sentence, so I can remember them.” Cognitive “ I try not to translate word for word.” Compensa-tion “ To understand unfamiliar English words, I make guesses.” Meta-cognitive “ I think about my progress in learning English.” Affective “ I give myself a reward or treat when I do well in English.” Social “ I practice English with other students.”
  • 27. Reed, Perceptual Learning Style Preference Survey Strongly agree (SA) Agree (A) Undecided (U) Disagree (D) strongly disagree (SD) X
  • 28. SA A U D SD 1. When the teacher tells me the instructions, I understand better. 2. I prefer to learn by doing something in class. 3. I get more work done when I work with others. 4. I learn more when I study with a group 5. I class, I learn best when I work with others. 6. I learn better by reading than by listening to someone.
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