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Assembly language programming(unit 4)

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Ashim Saha
Ashim Saha

The document provides an introduction to assembly language programming. It explains that assembly language uses mnemonics to represent machine instructions, making programs more readable compared to machine code. An assembler is needed to translate assembly code into executable object code. Assembly language provides direct access to hardware and can be faster than high-level languages, though it is more difficult to program and maintain.

1 of 101
Assembly Language Programming Unit 4
Introduction ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Eg: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Assembly Language Programming
Eg: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Features of ALP ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Comparison of Assembly language with High level languages ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Advantages:- ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],Format of Assembly program LABEL OPCODE OPERAND COMMENTS
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],LABEL OPCODE OPERAND COMMENTS Eg
8086 CPU ARCHITECTURE ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],16 –bit processor
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
8086 Internal Architecture
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Register Structure ,[object Object]
 
 
 
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Flag Register Carry Flay- set carry out of MSB Parity Flag-set if res. has even Auxiliary carry for BCD Zero flag-set if res. is 0 Sign Flag=MSB of res TrapFlag Interrupt Enable Flag String Direction Flag Overflow Flag
All Registers
Segment Registers ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],CS,SS, DS,ES
Extra Segment Stack Segment Data Segment Code Segment 00500 006FF 00700 007FF 00900 0098F 00990 00A00 0050 0070 0090 0099 Unused Area CS DS SS ES Memory Segmentation in 8086
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Address Formation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Addressing Modes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],1.Register Addressing mode
2.Immediate Addressing mode ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
3.Direct Addressing mode ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
4.Indirect Mode through Base Registers ,[object Object],[object Object],5.Indirect Mode through Index Registers ,[object Object],[object Object]
6.Indirect Mode through Sum of Base and Index Registers ,[object Object],[object Object],7.Relative mode through Base Register ,[object Object],[object Object]
8.Relative mode through Index Register ,[object Object],[object Object],9.Relative mode through Base and Index Register ,[object Object],[object Object]
10.Implied Addressing mode ,[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],8086 Instruction Set
1.Data-transfer Instructions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],A. General purpose byte or word instructions
[object Object],[object Object],B. Simple I/O port transfer instructions
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],C. Special Address transfer Instructions
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],D.Flag transfer instructions
2.Arithmetic Instructions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],A. Addition Instructions
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],B. Subtraction Instructions
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],C. Multiplication instructions
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],D. Division Instructions
3. Bit Manipulation Instructions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],A. Logical Instructions
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],B. Shift Instructions
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],C. Rotate Instructions
4. String Instructions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],4. Program Execution transfer instructions A. Unconditional transfer
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],B. Conditional transfer
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],C. Iteration control instructions
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],D. Interrupt instructions
6.Processor Control Instructions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],A. Flag set/clear Instructions
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],B. External Hardware synchronization instructions
[object Object],C. No operation instructions
8086 Pin out Diagram
Min/Max mode operation
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Minimum mode operation
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Maximum mode operation
The pins that are available exclusively in the maximum mode are ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
INTEL 80386 –a 32 bit processor ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Control Unit Data Unit Protection Test Unit Segment Register Segment translators TLB Page translator decoder Instruction queue Prefetch queue prefetcher biu Decode unit Prefetch unit Page unit Execution unit Segment unit Internal architecture of 80386
Internal Architecture ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
80386 registers
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
80386 Addressing modes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Pseudo instructions (Assembler Directives) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object]
MASM : The Microsoft Macro Assembler ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
MACROS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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Assembly language programming(unit 4)

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  • 28. Flag Register Carry Flay- set carry out of MSB Parity Flag-set if res. has even Auxiliary carry for BCD Zero flag-set if res. is 0 Sign Flag=MSB of res TrapFlag Interrupt Enable Flag String Direction Flag Overflow Flag
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  • 31. Extra Segment Stack Segment Data Segment Code Segment 00500 006FF 00700 007FF 00900 0098F 00990 00A00 0050 0070 0090 0099 Unused Area CS DS SS ES Memory Segmentation in 8086
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  • 65. 8086 Pin out Diagram
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  • 73. Control Unit Data Unit Protection Test Unit Segment Register Segment translators TLB Page translator decoder Instruction queue Prefetch queue prefetcher biu Decode unit Prefetch unit Page unit Execution unit Segment unit Internal architecture of 80386
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