Octopus and Midget in the Israeli-Palestinian Peace Process: Who Determines W...AJSSMTJournal
The age-long Israeli-Palestinian conflict has raised global security concerns and attracted solution
trajectories which emphasised two-state solution and ignored policy framework towards “one-state” solution,
especially based on the new dynamics in the aftermath of U.S. declaration of Jerusalem as the capital city of
Israel. The U.S. declaration introduced unequal relationship between Israel and the Palestinian Authority at the
Washington peace negotiations. Consequently, the Palestinian Authority protested that the U.S. acted in selfinterest based on her historical relationship with Israel rather than for peace and security in the Middle East
and the world. The Palestinian Authority withdrew from direct negotiation with Israel and questioned U.S.
moral ground to act as an ‘honest broker’ in packaging a new peace plan. As a reprisal, the U.S. cut all aid to
Palestine, except some $42 million for security cooperation, and closed down Palestinian Liberation
Organisation liaison office in Washington. Palestinian leader Mahmoud Abbas reacted and cut off security
cooperation with the U.S. Israeli-Palestinian relationship demonstrates that where parties play it dirty,
morality is hardly the option. The broad objective of this paper is to analyse the opportunities and challenges
in the Israeli-Palestinian two-state, one-state and no-state solution within the rubrics of global realpolitik of
asymmetrical relationship between power-studded Israel and the putative power-drought Palestinian
Authority. The specific aim is to recommending policy solution for enduring peace and stability in the Middle
East region and the world at large.
PARTY POLITICS AND THE FALL OF THE SECOND REPUBLIC IN NIGERIA: A REAPPRAISALJohn1Lorcan
Against the usual narratives which claim that ethnicity, regionalism and religion were sole players in the
fall of the Nigeria’s Second Republic, the paper provides a new perspective on the dynamics that led to the
fall of the Second Republic. In other words, the thrust of the paper is that the major cause of the crises in
most States and the Centre during the Second Republic was unhealthy party politics rather than religious,
regional or ethnic variations in Nigeria. The ugly inter and intra party politics experienced in 1979-1983
were the major factors that led to the fall of the Second Republic in Nigeria. The article stresses the need to
draw better policies and political manifestos that will address the problems facing Nigeria’s party politics,
which is an essential feature of democracy. The study offer useful information to researchers who are
interested in the history of party politics. Its interrogation of the misapplication of party politics in Nigeria,
for example, will enable policy makers and politicians to comprehend the reasons why the Second Republic
in Nigeria failed.
Octopus and Midget in the Israeli-Palestinian Peace Process: Who Determines W...AJSSMTJournal
The age-long Israeli-Palestinian conflict has raised global security concerns and attracted solution
trajectories which emphasised two-state solution and ignored policy framework towards “one-state” solution,
especially based on the new dynamics in the aftermath of U.S. declaration of Jerusalem as the capital city of
Israel. The U.S. declaration introduced unequal relationship between Israel and the Palestinian Authority at the
Washington peace negotiations. Consequently, the Palestinian Authority protested that the U.S. acted in selfinterest based on her historical relationship with Israel rather than for peace and security in the Middle East
and the world. The Palestinian Authority withdrew from direct negotiation with Israel and questioned U.S.
moral ground to act as an ‘honest broker’ in packaging a new peace plan. As a reprisal, the U.S. cut all aid to
Palestine, except some $42 million for security cooperation, and closed down Palestinian Liberation
Organisation liaison office in Washington. Palestinian leader Mahmoud Abbas reacted and cut off security
cooperation with the U.S. Israeli-Palestinian relationship demonstrates that where parties play it dirty,
morality is hardly the option. The broad objective of this paper is to analyse the opportunities and challenges
in the Israeli-Palestinian two-state, one-state and no-state solution within the rubrics of global realpolitik of
asymmetrical relationship between power-studded Israel and the putative power-drought Palestinian
Authority. The specific aim is to recommending policy solution for enduring peace and stability in the Middle
East region and the world at large.
PARTY POLITICS AND THE FALL OF THE SECOND REPUBLIC IN NIGERIA: A REAPPRAISALJohn1Lorcan
Against the usual narratives which claim that ethnicity, regionalism and religion were sole players in the
fall of the Nigeria’s Second Republic, the paper provides a new perspective on the dynamics that led to the
fall of the Second Republic. In other words, the thrust of the paper is that the major cause of the crises in
most States and the Centre during the Second Republic was unhealthy party politics rather than religious,
regional or ethnic variations in Nigeria. The ugly inter and intra party politics experienced in 1979-1983
were the major factors that led to the fall of the Second Republic in Nigeria. The article stresses the need to
draw better policies and political manifestos that will address the problems facing Nigeria’s party politics,
which is an essential feature of democracy. The study offer useful information to researchers who are
interested in the history of party politics. Its interrogation of the misapplication of party politics in Nigeria,
for example, will enable policy makers and politicians to comprehend the reasons why the Second Republic
in Nigeria failed.
This paper presents the results of a new monitoring project of the US presidential elections with the aim of establishing computer-based tools to track in real time the popularity or awareness of candidates. The designed and developed innovative methods allow us to extract the frequency of queries sent to numerous search engines by US Internet users. Based on these data, this paper demonstrates that Trump was more frequently searched than the Democratic candidates, either Hillary Clinton in 2016 or Joe Biden in 2020. When analyzing the topics, it is observed that in 2020 the US users had shown a remarkable interest in two subjects, namely, Coronavirus and Jobs (unemployment). Interest for other topics such as Education or Healthcare were less pronounced while issues such as Immigration were given even less attention by users. Finally, some “flame” topics such as Black Lives Matter (2020) and Gun Control (2016) appear to be very popular for a few weeks before returning to a low level of interest. When analyzing tweets sent by candidates during the 2020 campaign, one can observe that Trump was focused mainly on Jobs and on Riots, announcing what would happen if Democrats took power. To these negative ads, Biden answered by putting forward moral values (e.g., love, honesty) and political symbols (e.g., democracy, rights) and by underlying the failure of the current administration in resolving the pandemic situation.
The Analysis of Ideological Practices in Sindo Newspaper through the Headline...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: The Research Title: “The Analysis of Ideological Practices in Sindo Newspaper through the Headline of the 2014 Presidential Election Campaign”. The purpose of theresearch was to analyze the headline ideological discourse on the 2014 presidential election campaign. This type of research is qualitative. The research method is content analysis with Norman Faitclough‟s version of Critical Discourse Analysis. Research paradigm; critical paradigm with critical theory. Furthermore, the data collection techniques used in this research are Text Analysis, Indepth-interview, literature research and documentation, and observation. Based on the results of descriptive analysis at the text/ micro level, interpretive analysis at the level of discourse practice/ mezzo, and explanatory analysis at the level of sociocultural practice/ macro, the results of this research were obtained, about the ideology of the newspaper Sindo newspaper, theoretically or based on external symbols of this media and based on the acknowledgment of the key informant as the representative owner, it can be ascertained the ideological discourse of the 2014 Sindo newspaper‟s presidential election campaign is the Pancasila press. However, in the practice of press management the attitude of the owners of capital was very visible in favor of the presidential and vice presidential candidate pair of Prabowo-Hatta. But on the other handSindo Newspaper also gives the freedom to journalists to have slightly different attitudes with the policies of capital owners.
Kim, M.J., & Park, H. W. (2012). Measuring Twitter-Based Political Participat...Han Woo PARK
Kim, M.J., & Park, H. W. (2012). Measuring Twitter-Based Political Participation and Deliberation in the South Korean Context by Using Social Network and Triple Helix Indicators. Scientometrics. 90 (1), 121-140.
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11192-011-0508-5#page-1
Sexist Language in Nigerian Newspapers: A Case Study of ThePunchand the Guard...iosrjce
This research was informed by the Whorfian view that language exerts a great influence on
worldview and attitudes. The work was based on Claude Shannon’s Communication Theory. The study
examined the forms, shades and manifestations of sexist language in two popular Nigerian newspapers. It
established that sexism in language is a bias, not only against women, but also against men. Expressions like,
men of the underworld, gunmen, for which there are no female equivalents in the language lend credence to this
assertion. A total of 206 articles, cutting across editorials, opinion pages, news reports, interviews and political
columns were critically reviewed. The newspapers selected were from the September and October 2011
editions and the June 2012 of the two newspapers. The data used in this research work were collected from the
articles covered in the two newspapers. This was done through a thorough examination of the data. The
example words from the newspapers were first isolated and then analysed against the background of the type of
sexist language they represented. Statistical tables and charts were used, where relevant to represent the data.
The study revealed that ‘generic masculine words’ were the most commonly used sexist form in Nigerian
newspapers.
A paper outlining the causes and conditions of the rise of far-right parties in Western Europe, written for my Governments and Politics of Western Europe class.
The Impact of Linguistic Exclusion on Corporate Hiring Decisionsijtsrd
This paper explores the role of media, particularly, the quality of media content, in the formation of social prejudice against a group. Firstly, we try to explain the reasons behind social discrimination usually conducted by haves against marginalized groups have nots of the society using the theories from behavioral economics. Secondly, we come up with a simple probability model to frame the negative impact of linguistic exclusion by media discriminatory media content on corporate hiring decisions. Lastly we conclude with a discussion on economic losses due to the discriminatory practices while hiring employees in such institutions. Madhuri Singh | Rohit "The Impact of Linguistic Exclusion on Corporate Hiring Decisions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd27964.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/economics/market-economy/27964/the-impact-of-linguistic-exclusion-on-corporate-hiring-decisions/madhuri-singh
request you to open the file of Nirmala samaj kalyan sangstha and secure the life and future of 1300 volunteers under Scheme ,we do hope you consider our case and do the needful with immediate action,
This paper presents the results of a new monitoring project of the US presidential elections with the aim of establishing computer-based tools to track in real time the popularity or awareness of candidates. The designed and developed innovative methods allow us to extract the frequency of queries sent to numerous search engines by US Internet users. Based on these data, this paper demonstrates that Trump was more frequently searched than the Democratic candidates, either Hillary Clinton in 2016 or Joe Biden in 2020. When analyzing the topics, it is observed that in 2020 the US users had shown a remarkable interest in two subjects, namely, Coronavirus and Jobs (unemployment). Interest for other topics such as Education or Healthcare were less pronounced while issues such as Immigration were given even less attention by users. Finally, some “flame” topics such as Black Lives Matter (2020) and Gun Control (2016) appear to be very popular for a few weeks before returning to a low level of interest. When analyzing tweets sent by candidates during the 2020 campaign, one can observe that Trump was focused mainly on Jobs and on Riots, announcing what would happen if Democrats took power. To these negative ads, Biden answered by putting forward moral values (e.g., love, honesty) and political symbols (e.g., democracy, rights) and by underlying the failure of the current administration in resolving the pandemic situation.
The Analysis of Ideological Practices in Sindo Newspaper through the Headline...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: The Research Title: “The Analysis of Ideological Practices in Sindo Newspaper through the Headline of the 2014 Presidential Election Campaign”. The purpose of theresearch was to analyze the headline ideological discourse on the 2014 presidential election campaign. This type of research is qualitative. The research method is content analysis with Norman Faitclough‟s version of Critical Discourse Analysis. Research paradigm; critical paradigm with critical theory. Furthermore, the data collection techniques used in this research are Text Analysis, Indepth-interview, literature research and documentation, and observation. Based on the results of descriptive analysis at the text/ micro level, interpretive analysis at the level of discourse practice/ mezzo, and explanatory analysis at the level of sociocultural practice/ macro, the results of this research were obtained, about the ideology of the newspaper Sindo newspaper, theoretically or based on external symbols of this media and based on the acknowledgment of the key informant as the representative owner, it can be ascertained the ideological discourse of the 2014 Sindo newspaper‟s presidential election campaign is the Pancasila press. However, in the practice of press management the attitude of the owners of capital was very visible in favor of the presidential and vice presidential candidate pair of Prabowo-Hatta. But on the other handSindo Newspaper also gives the freedom to journalists to have slightly different attitudes with the policies of capital owners.
Kim, M.J., & Park, H. W. (2012). Measuring Twitter-Based Political Participat...Han Woo PARK
Kim, M.J., & Park, H. W. (2012). Measuring Twitter-Based Political Participation and Deliberation in the South Korean Context by Using Social Network and Triple Helix Indicators. Scientometrics. 90 (1), 121-140.
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11192-011-0508-5#page-1
Sexist Language in Nigerian Newspapers: A Case Study of ThePunchand the Guard...iosrjce
This research was informed by the Whorfian view that language exerts a great influence on
worldview and attitudes. The work was based on Claude Shannon’s Communication Theory. The study
examined the forms, shades and manifestations of sexist language in two popular Nigerian newspapers. It
established that sexism in language is a bias, not only against women, but also against men. Expressions like,
men of the underworld, gunmen, for which there are no female equivalents in the language lend credence to this
assertion. A total of 206 articles, cutting across editorials, opinion pages, news reports, interviews and political
columns were critically reviewed. The newspapers selected were from the September and October 2011
editions and the June 2012 of the two newspapers. The data used in this research work were collected from the
articles covered in the two newspapers. This was done through a thorough examination of the data. The
example words from the newspapers were first isolated and then analysed against the background of the type of
sexist language they represented. Statistical tables and charts were used, where relevant to represent the data.
The study revealed that ‘generic masculine words’ were the most commonly used sexist form in Nigerian
newspapers.
A paper outlining the causes and conditions of the rise of far-right parties in Western Europe, written for my Governments and Politics of Western Europe class.
The Impact of Linguistic Exclusion on Corporate Hiring Decisionsijtsrd
This paper explores the role of media, particularly, the quality of media content, in the formation of social prejudice against a group. Firstly, we try to explain the reasons behind social discrimination usually conducted by haves against marginalized groups have nots of the society using the theories from behavioral economics. Secondly, we come up with a simple probability model to frame the negative impact of linguistic exclusion by media discriminatory media content on corporate hiring decisions. Lastly we conclude with a discussion on economic losses due to the discriminatory practices while hiring employees in such institutions. Madhuri Singh | Rohit "The Impact of Linguistic Exclusion on Corporate Hiring Decisions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd27964.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/economics/market-economy/27964/the-impact-of-linguistic-exclusion-on-corporate-hiring-decisions/madhuri-singh
request you to open the file of Nirmala samaj kalyan sangstha and secure the life and future of 1300 volunteers under Scheme ,we do hope you consider our case and do the needful with immediate action,
Process Innovation Capabilities Diagnostic Tool - Working DraftBrad Power
Designed to be simple amd practical, this tool should be relevant to everyone interested in improving process performance. This Process Innovation Capabilities Diagnostic is built upon a comprehensive operating model called the 6 P's. These six dimensions form the structure of the diagnostic:
purpose
process
power
people
platforms
performance
Hate Speech and Nigeria’s Struggle for Democratic Consolidation: A Conceptual...Premier Publishers
Fake news and hate speech are not new to Nigerian democracy. However, since the internet revolution in recent decades, 2015 is seen as the year Nigeria finally woke up to the threat of fake news and hate speech fueled by internet technologies that are subtly used to undermine democracy. Since then, whenever national, state or local council elections approach, Nigeria experiences tense and difficult times – conflicts, media propaganda, hate comments and false information – circumstances that are inimical to the nation’s democracy. Despite fake news and hate have become global concepts, peculiarities of nations and cultures democracies imply that context-based tools will be more suitable to provide evidence-based data on their impact on democracies. To provide an understanding of the call-for-research epistemologies being developed in Nigerian academic circles, this paper presents a critical review of a book chapter titled Fake News, Hate Speech and Nigeria’s Struggle for Democratic Consolidation: A Conceptual Review written by two Nigerian scholars: Prof. Umaru A. Pate (Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria) and Adamkolo Mohammed Ibrahim (University of Maiduguri, Nigeria) published 2020 by IGI Global. The chapter provides a further understanding on the impacts and processes of fake news and hate speech in Nigeria, especially during political activities.
A Critical Discourse Analysis of Muhammadu Buhari’s Inaugural Speeches with a...Premier Publishers
The discursive structures selected in talks and texts in politics and other spheres of social life are determined by the situations in which they are used. Politics and rhetoric are interwoven, and the latter is highly esteemed as an instrument of persuasion or manipulation in the former. Personal pronouns provide an easy access to these activities in mind control because they readily provide multiple identities. This researcher argues that Muhammadu Buhari in both his maiden speech as a Military Head of State in 1984, and inaugural speech as a President with executive powers in 2015 tactfully deployed personal pronouns to present different identities and project different ideologies, and that the backgrounds from which he spoke impacted on his pronominal choices. This study, therefore, sets to provide an insight into the influences of the ideological stances from which he spoke on his choice of language. The theoretical framework guiding the study is critical discourse analysis. The analysis reveals that by strategically selecting personal pronouns, Buhari constructed the identities that reflected the military and civilian backgrounds from which he spoke, as well as created the in-groups and out-groups he desired to project the authoritarianism and persuasion of military and democratic regimes respectively.
1 Voters’ Consumption of General Elections in Transitio.docxoswald1horne84988
1
Voters’ Consumption of General Elections in Transitioning Economies: Scale Development
and Validation
Introduction
According to Campbell et al (1960), “voters are categorized according to their levels of
sophistication,” which includes ideological and non-ideological belief systems (Luskin, 1990;
Converse, 1964), and depending on these levels, voting behaviors and patterns can be determined.
In their study of political sophistication, Campbell et al (1960) observe that a group of respondents,
Voters’referred to as category (A), were those whose understanding and evaluation of political
actors had abstract connections that one would associate with ideologically. Respondents in
category (B) were those who used “identity cues” and frames in their evaluation and understanding
of political actors, such as “this candidate is friendly or hostile to people like us (our group)” This
group thinks about whether a party/candidate is “for” their group (e.g. farmers, the working class,
the poor).
For those in category (C), prevailing conditions were the most important stimuli for their
voting behavior. This category largely makes references to public policies, though usually
implicitly, by forming opinions based on whether times are good or bad. For example, a respondent
in category (C) might feel that if conditions are “good” and their family is doing well, then the
incumbent is doing well. Respondents in category (D) were those who failed to comment on
anything related to policy differences and debate between the parties but rather worry about the
candidates’ personal characteristics, such as “their popularity, their sincerity, their religious
practices, or family background” (1960, p. 244). These categorizations of political sophistication
identified by Campbell et al (1960) highlight attitudes that influence voter behavior and impact
voter decision-making processes much in the same way that consumer purchasing decision-making
processes influence commercial marketing.
From Campbell et al’s (1960) framework and their explications, one could infer that
respondents in categories A and B are highly likely to be politically sophisticated, knowing what
they seek in political products; thus, their voting decisions are more fully informed than those of
respondents in categories D and C. As a result of this recognition of different levels of political
sophistication, political parties and their operatives increasingly find means of continuous
persuasion that influence voter decision-making. This is manifested in numerous ways, including
having an inspirational leader, catchy campaign slogans, voter-centered campaign messages, use
of celebrities in campaign advertisements, etc.
The Eurocentric attitudes that tend to dominate the literature on African economic and
political dispensation (Meillassoux 1971) are now giving way to new and better-informed
perspectives on Africa (Ninsin 2006; Mensah 2011; Blankson, Cowan, .
PROPAGANDA IN POLITICS - THE USE OF LANGUAGE FOR EFFECT IN ELECTIONEERING CAM...ResearchWap
In the Work Propaganda in Politics, the use of language for effect in electioneering campaign seeks to x-ray the role language play as an agent of influence. This work considers the influence of propaganda on the electorate making use of some linguistic devices, like Repetition, Word Coinages, Exaggeration, Attacks on Party Logo and Slogan, Vagueness, Abusive expression etc.
Propaganda has been the deliberate distortion of fact in order to influence people to change their line of thought or to blindly maintain their line of thought. Language in the other sense is the tool or medium via which this intention is achieved because you may have thought of something but if not communicated it cannot achieve your desired effect. Generally, the researcher is concerned with the campaign of calumny in the 2007 general elections in Nigeria, necessary recommendations will be made at the end of the work.
Running head EFFECT OF THE MEDIA ON POLITICS1EFFECT OF THE .docxtodd271
Running head: EFFECT OF THE MEDIA ON POLITICS 1
EFFECT OF THE MEDIA ON POLITICS 6
Effects of the media on politics
Name:
Course:
Instructor’s Name:
Date:
Effects of the Media on Politics
The media, through its primary role in communication, has always been at the heart of American society. Technological advancements in the recent past have changed how people consume information, increasing the accessibility to the media. One of the aspects of American society that has been impacted by the more accessible media is American politics. The media is now more visible in the political scene. For instance, according to a research by the Pew Research Center on the primary source of political information in the 2016 American Presidential elections, researchers found that 24% of the Americans that learned about the elections did so from cable news, 14% from local TV, 14% from social media, 13% from news websites/apps and 10% from network nightly news (Mitchell et al., 2016). In contrast, only 1% of the American voters relied on the candidate’s or campaign website (Mitchell et al., 2016). Therefore, the different streams of media are the primary source of information in the American political scene.
The primacy of the media as a source of political information comes with a range of both positive and negative impacts. This study examines the role that the media plays in American politics by asking the question; what is the utility of the media in American politics? This research shows that the media has significant positive and negative effects on the political discourse, political reputation, and political participation, but the opportunities for benefits seem to be outweighed by the potential for harm. While the media enriches the political discourse through fact-checking, builds a political reputation by connecting the politicians to their constituents and energizes democracy by stimulating political participation, it also has a polarizing effect on the political discourse, can be used for character assassination through fake news, and robs its users of the time they would have used to participate in the political process.
Literature Review
Effect of the media on political discourse
Scholars studying the role of the media in politics are divided about the value that the media brings to the political discourse in American politics. On one side, there are those that claim that the media has the overall effect of enriching the political discourse in American politics. One of the dominant views among scholars that subscribe to this position is that the media acts as a referee for the participants in the political discourse (including other media outlets) and keeps them accountable. In “The Effect of Fact-Checking on Elites: A Field Experiment on U.S. State Legislators,” Brendan Nyhan and Jason Reifler (2015) argue that the political discourse in a democratic society is enriched by the fact-checking practice of the media outlets. In a nutshell.
This study aimed at appraising the observance of Gricean maxims by Tanzanian politicians in T.V. hosted interviews. The study adopted Grice (1975) cooperative principle in finding out politicians’ observance of the Gricean quality and quantity maxims.The interviews are from EATV ‘Mkasi’ session and involved Honorable Mwigulu Nchemba from CCM and Hon. Zitto Kabwe from CHADEMA and only their verbal responses were subjected to analysis. Content analysis for data collection was used and the study involved a case study design. The study findings show that politicians did not adhere to these conversational maxims as they responded to questions employing different forms of non-observances include flouting and opting out of maxims as well as maxim clash. These non-observances were meant to persuade the viewers and gain social and political credibility, achieving politeness, imposing and suppressing/avoid any face-threatening, and building the speakers’ positive images and that of their parties. However, the inferences drawn from the findings were the two politicians like other members of public service did not often observe the maxims, meaning that they intentionally chose to be non-literal and opted for indirect communication, even in their non-observances of the maxims they remained communicative in a richer and profound way than if they were literal and direct.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
MARUTI SUZUKI- A Successful Joint Venture in India.pptx
ASIRU AND OGUTU
1. REPORTING OR EVALUATING? :
REPRESENTATION OF THE NIGERIAN 2011 POST-
PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS NEWS REPORTS
THROUGH THE IDEOLOGICAL LENSES OF THE
MEDIA
English and French Department, UMYU, Nigeria
2. ASIRU HAMEED TUNDE & EMILY.A. OGUTU
English and French Department, Umaru Musa Yar’adua University, Katsina,
Nigeria
English and Linguistics Department, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
Being a paper presented at the Third International Conference on
Language, Literature and Society 2016 18-19 January, 2016 ,
Bangkok, Thailand.
English and French Department, UMYU, Nigeria
3. Concerns of this paper
• Media bias in the representation of Nigerian 2011
post-presidential election news reports.
• How linguistic resource of lexicalization is used to
shape and control the minds of the people.
English and French Department, UMYU, Nigeria
4. Introduction
Media is the most prominent agent of socialization in the
twenty-first century.(Formation of attitudes and perceptions of
the society)
One of the avenues of wielding such power is through political
processes ( Campaigns, elections, etc)
While wielding power by shaping attitudes and perceptions,
media may conceal truths in their representations ( one of the
means of achieving this is through the linguistic resource of
LEXICALIZATION)
English and French Department, UMYU, Nigeria
5. Lexicalization
lexicalization is the use of specific words or classes of words,
such as verbs, nouns, adjectives to represent reality (Fowler,
1991).
‘words convey the imprint of society and value judgements in
particular’ (Richardson, 2007). This is especially done through
nouns, adjectives, verbs and adverbs.
Oyeleye and Osisanwo, (2013:3) posit that ‘lexical items
overtly and covertly give clues to the ideology of the text
producer’.
English and French Department, UMYU, Nigeria
6. Lexicalization continues
• Lexical items, apart from constructing ideological
representation of experiences, also have expressive functions
by examining the producer’s positive or negative evaluation of
events and persons (Min, 1997).
• Wareing (2004) observes that words can have a strong
influence on attitudes.
English and French Department, UMYU, Nigeria
7. Categories of lexicalization
• Expressive value of verbs as lexical items
• Nominal expressions
• Prenominal Adjectives
• Categorial perspective to the function of lexical structure
• Overlexicalisation.
English and French Department, UMYU, Nigeria
8. Literature review
Authors Contexts Framework Findings Knowledge
Gap/Contributions
Oyeleye &
Osisanwo,
( 2013)
Linguistic feature of
lexicalization in media
representation of the
2003 and 2007 general
elections in Nigeria
Fairclough’s
(1992) theory
on wording
Election is fraudulent,
rigged, dirty game and
that the power of
incumbency plays a
crucial role in
dictating the
pendulum of the
election.
Lexical choices are
non-neutral
because they
reveal the
ideological focus
of the magazines.
concludes that
Taiwo,
(2007)
Language, ideology and
power relations in
Nigerian Newspaper
headlines
Critical
Discourse
Analysis (CDA)
Headlines have hidden
ideological meanings
and leanings;
polarized between the
powerful people and
those whose interests
are being undermined.
It is largely a
quantitative
classification of
headlines along
their themes and
surface structures.
English and French Department, UMYU, Nigeria
9. Literature Review continues.
Authors Contexts Framework Findings Knowledge
Gap/Contribution
Mahfouz ,
(2013).
Structures of two
Egyptian
newspapers, ‘Al-
Gomhuria’ and ‘Al-
Dostour’ in their
framing of police
news story
Critical Discourse
Analysis (CDA)
That ‘Al-Gomhuria’, in
its style and tone,
follows the official line
by showing solidarity
with the police and
downplays their
negative side while ‘Al-
Dostour’ is biased
against the police.
News reporting is
shaped by the
ideologies of the
owners which in
turn usually have
elements of bias
against the other
group.
Chiluwa,
(2011).
Media
representation of
Nigeria’s Joint
Military Task Force
(JMTF) in the Niger
Delta Crisis.
Critical Discourse
Analysis (CDA)
The newspapers
construct an
environment that is
devoid of law and order
which necessitated the
intervention of the
troops.
Media
representation
may not be
objective as it
often acts as the
foundation on
which people
base their
understanding,
judgment and
conceptualization
of the world
English and French Department, UMYU, Nigeria
10. Findings
Expressive values of Verbs as lexical items
English and French Department, UMYU, Nigeria
Example 1: Verbal groups such as ‘queried, ‘claimed’, ‘discredited’,
‘protested’, ‘cast aspersion’, ‘cause instability’, ‘will not recognise’
were used to signal the actions of the main opposition party, (CPC)
while verbs, such as ‘would extend’, ‘to calm’, ‘build consensus,’
‘foster unity’, ‘will urge’, ‘appealed’, ‘said’ (Excerpt 5) were used
to represent the actions of the (PDP) -the ruling party. All the verbs
that are used in this example to represent the actions of the
opposition party are in negatives to show that they do not support
the outcome of the exercise and these ideologically place the
opposition as being aggrieved.
11. Expressive values of Verbs as lexical items
Example 2: Jonathan sweeps Presidential poll (Excerpt 8)
The choice of ‘sweeps’ to depict how Jonathan won the Presidential
election may suggest a landslide victory for him and that he is the
right choice made by Nigerians. This may be sensational because it
portends that other aspirants were not serious contenders in the
election. Going by the lexical and connotative meaning of ‘sweep’
which is ‘to clear something away completely’, we can assume,
bearing in mind the context of usage, that ‘sweep’ is intentionally
used to make Jonathan’s victory appear total and devoid of electoral
irregularities.
English and French Department, UMYU, Nigeria
12. English and French Department, UMYU, Nigeria
• Example 3: Hurricane Jonathan knocks out Buhari, others
(Excerpt 4). ‘Knockout’ is a jargon associated with boxing
bout and it is carefully used in this election context to mean a
situation of helplessness on the part of fellow contestants
because Jonathan’s knockout has rendered them unconscious
and defeated. This also helps to reiterate the dominance of
President Jonathan in the election which is the opinion that the
writer wants the readers to have. All these verbal groups are
loaded and are capable of evoking a train of thought and
emotions about the exercise.
13. Choice of Nominal Expressions
• Naming and labeling
Example 4: His closest rival, General Muhammadu Buhari of CPC… (Daily Trust)
Example 5: …he got 1.8million votes to the combined 32,000 votes secured by all
his opponents combined.
In these examples, the other contestants are labeled as ‘rival’ and
‘opponents’ of the President, Goodluck Jonathan. There is no instance in
the whole data where these labels are attributed to the President himself.
The only conclusion deducible from this is that the labels are intentional
because they portray other contestants as the ones trying to wrestle power
from the incumbent President Jonathan. These labels are significant in the
news reports because they contribute psychologically and politically to how
the other contenders are viewed by the readers of the newspapers.
English and French Department, UMYU, Nigeria
14. English and French Department, UMYU, Nigeria
• Example 6: Hurricane Jonathan knocks out Buhari, others (Excerpt 4).
In the above example, the use of ‘Hurricane’ is glamorous as it will register in
the minds of the readers, the extent of the defeat to other contestants. The
allusion to hurricane portends a violent or stormy wind which sweeps
everything in its path. In the context of the election, President Jonathan is the
hurricane, who defeats completely all other contestants in the elections thereby
achieving a landslide victory. Similarly, in the lead paragraph of the same
excerpt, Jonathan having an ‘unassailable lead’ is a biased expression which is
geared towards coercing the readers into believing that the election was a ‘one-
man-show’, whereas, in many other newspapers, the election was depicted as a
tight race between President Jonathan of PDP and General Buhari of CPC.
15. Prenominal Adjectives
Example 7: Massive turnout, free and fair election,
Wild jubilation, a carnival-like celebration, A
mammoth crowd of voters, An exercise of comfort,
Democratically elected President, An ethnic
minority president, clean sweep, National interest,
winning magic, smooth sail, A comfortable lead, the
winner.
These Prenominal Adjectives imply that the election
was free, fair and credible, and that the outcome of
the election represents the voice of Nigerians that
President Jonathan is their choice.
Example 8: No victor, No vanquished, foul play,
crying wolf, electoral irregularities, outright lie,
Mob attacks, a bomb blast, the explosion, irate
youths, fake ballot boxes, youth restiveness, election
violence, 20 thugs, widespread corruption, obvious
lapses, a lot of anomalies, main opponents.
The implication of these prenominal adjectives is
that the exercise was marred by irregularities, hence
not free, fair and credible and these claims are
attributed to the opposition party.
English and French Department, UMYU, Nigeria
16. • The prenominal adjectives in the table above show the
two sides of the representation of the Nigerian 2011 Post-
presidential election news reports. It shows the positive
side which portrays the election as free, fair and credible
and that the mandate was given to the incumbent
President Jonathan while the other side of the
representation is a negative portrayal of the exercise
which suggests that the election was marred by electoral
irregularities and this suggestion was credited to the
opposition party.
English and French Department, UMYU, Nigeria
17. Categorial perspective to the function of lexical structure
Example 9: Lexical items, such as ‘alleged’, ‘foul-play’, ‘compromise’,
driven away, ‘claimed’ and ‘chased away’ portend an aggrieved
group, hence ‘the losers’. The other structural opposition of lexical
items, ‘confident President’, ‘upper hand’, ‘promised’, ‘impressive
showing’, ‘transparent’, ‘prayed’, ‘new dawn’ and ‘happy’ relate to
the other group; ‘the winners’ (Excerpt 3). The ideological
implication of this is that the ‘losers’ are portrayed as aggrieved and
in negative terms while ‘the winners’ are portrayed positively
thereby supporting their dominant culture.
English and French Department, UMYU, Nigeria
18. Overlexicalisation
• Example 13: Lexical items such as, ‘peaceful’, ‘transparent’, ‘organised’,
‘unique’ and ‘keenly contested’ (Excerpt 1) are near synonyms to the
concept of free and fair election which might be the intended meaning the
writer wanted to convey in the news report. This is ideologically significant
because apart from words occurring individually, they can also cluster to
echo different ideas and topics (Fowler 1991). For instance in Example 14:
‘violence’, ‘bomb blast’, ‘mob attacks’, ‘explosion,’ ‘panic’, ‘tension’,
‘chased away’, ‘killed’, ‘snatch’, ‘angry’, ‘intimidated’, ‘smuggle’,
‘beaten’, (Excerpt 13) are used in the article to describe the activities
during the election. The implications or feelings people have when these
words are used will help in understanding the ideological stance of the
presentation.
English and French Department, UMYU, Nigeria
19. Conclusion
• In conclusion, the choice of lexical items in the reports
seemingly appear as helping to give information or
reporting the election, but in actual fact, they have
ideological intentions. They give judgment about the
exercise and the major participants and groups.
Ultimately, the judgment controls the attitudes and actions
of the Nigerian newspapers’ readers so as to see the
outcome of the elections and the major contenders from
either sensational or uncomplimentary perspectives.
English and French Department, UMYU, Nigeria