This summary analyzes a research paper that uses corpus linguistics and critical discourse analysis to examine how five Nigerian newspapers (The Punch, The Tribune, The Nation, Daily Independence, and The Guardian) reported on the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) in the lead up to Nigeria's 2019 general elections.
The researchers created a corpus of 250 news reports from the five newspapers between June 2018 and February 2019. They analyzed the frequency and contexts in which the acronym "INEC" appeared across the corpora. The analysis found the newspapers did not report on INEC with the same biases, and their reporting set different expectations for how credible the elections would be. Specifically, The Daily Independence portrayed INEC in a
Bureaucracy and Citizen Journalism Issues and Challenges Imperative for Media...ijtsrd
Â
Using the in depth interview research method, this study examines bureaucracy and citizen journalism by giving a cursory attention to the issues and challenges of the practice in Nigeria. A sample of 30 respondents who cut across the six geo political zones of the country was interviewed via online medium to give answers to the research objectives. Among the questions posed was to ascertain the influence of citizen journalism on professional media practice. Findings showed that bureaucracy is a constraint to efficient administration in media practice as well as altering the news content which has a damning effect on public interest. The study also discovered that adherence to bureaucracy in media practice can save the hot and exuberant reporter. Citizen journalism was also found to be unprocessed material, hence, unfit for public consumption. The study recommended the use of gate keeping in the practice of citizen journalism as well as adherence to rules and regulations. Raphael Abumchukwu Ekwunife | Helen Ijeoma Nwachukwu | Ikechukwu Ogeze Ukeje "Bureaucracy and Citizen Journalism: Issues and Challenges Imperative for Media Practice in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46317.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/journalism/46317/bureaucracy-and-citizen-journalism-issues-and-challenges-imperative-for-media-practice-in-nigeria/raphael-abumchukwu-ekwunife
Discourse and Dissent in the Coverage of Hyderabad Blasts by the Leading Indi...ijtsrd
Â
Print media is a mass media that serves as a vigilant watchdog in a society. It analyses the latest policies of the government and builds up public opinion, and works as a bridge between people and the government. Media has the power to generate a specific reaction from the public by the way a news story is portrayed. Newspapers have a significant impact on public perception of violent crime, far more than any other news source Paulsen, 2002 . During a conflict, the media plays a crucial role in shaping perception. The ways media constructs discourse vis a vis terrorist attacks needs to be recognized. ââŹĹThe credibility of media messages, their sources, and the messengers communicating those messages, as well as the context within which the messages are delivered, all mediate the influence of news on consumersââŹÂ Baum and Groeling, 2009 . Since the terrorist attacks, in addition to involving perpetrators and victims, also involves the audience. It can be said that the way news about the attacks is covered has an influence on how the masses perceive the incident. Such attacks have become a common occurrence, however, the focus of the current study is to analyze the discourse that has been generated by the media in the coverage of the Hyderabad blasts. The study also analyses the dissent in Indian print media by analyzing the reportage of the Hyderabad blasts by the four leading Indian English newspapers. Saima Riyaz | Dr Aaliya Ahmed "Discourse and Dissent in the Coverage of Hyderabad Blasts by the Leading Indian English Dailies" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd21609.pdf
Clustering analysis on news from health OSINT data regarding CORONAVIRUS-COVI...ALexandruDaia1
Â
Our primarly goal was to detect clusters via gensim libraries in news data consisting ofinformation regarding health and threats. We identified clusters for the periodscorresponding: i) Jannuary 2006 until the end of 2019, as December 2019 is considered thefirst month in which information about CORONVIRUS COVID-19 was made public; ii)between the 1st of Jannuary 2019 and 31st December 2019; and iii) between the 31st ofDecember 2019 and the 14th of April 2020. We conducted experiments using naturallanguage on open source intelligence data offered generously by brica.de, a providerspecialized in Business Risk Intelligence & Cyberthreat Awareness.
The Analysis of Ideological Practices in Sindo Newspaper through the Headline...AJHSSR Journal
Â
ABSTRACT: The Research Title: âThe Analysis of Ideological Practices in Sindo Newspaper through the Headline of the 2014 Presidential Election Campaignâ. The purpose of theresearch was to analyze the headline ideological discourse on the 2014 presidential election campaign. This type of research is qualitative. The research method is content analysis with Norman Faitcloughâs version of Critical Discourse Analysis. Research paradigm; critical paradigm with critical theory. Furthermore, the data collection techniques used in this research are Text Analysis, Indepth-interview, literature research and documentation, and observation. Based on the results of descriptive analysis at the text/ micro level, interpretive analysis at the level of discourse practice/ mezzo, and explanatory analysis at the level of sociocultural practice/ macro, the results of this research were obtained, about the ideology of the newspaper Sindo newspaper, theoretically or based on external symbols of this media and based on the acknowledgment of the key informant as the representative owner, it can be ascertained the ideological discourse of the 2014 Sindo newspaperâs presidential election campaign is the Pancasila press. However, in the practice of press management the attitude of the owners of capital was very visible in favor of the presidential and vice presidential candidate pair of Prabowo-Hatta. But on the other handSindo Newspaper also gives the freedom to journalists to have slightly different attitudes with the policies of capital owners.
Bureaucracy and Citizen Journalism Issues and Challenges Imperative for Media...ijtsrd
Â
Using the in depth interview research method, this study examines bureaucracy and citizen journalism by giving a cursory attention to the issues and challenges of the practice in Nigeria. A sample of 30 respondents who cut across the six geo political zones of the country was interviewed via online medium to give answers to the research objectives. Among the questions posed was to ascertain the influence of citizen journalism on professional media practice. Findings showed that bureaucracy is a constraint to efficient administration in media practice as well as altering the news content which has a damning effect on public interest. The study also discovered that adherence to bureaucracy in media practice can save the hot and exuberant reporter. Citizen journalism was also found to be unprocessed material, hence, unfit for public consumption. The study recommended the use of gate keeping in the practice of citizen journalism as well as adherence to rules and regulations. Raphael Abumchukwu Ekwunife | Helen Ijeoma Nwachukwu | Ikechukwu Ogeze Ukeje "Bureaucracy and Citizen Journalism: Issues and Challenges Imperative for Media Practice in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46317.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/journalism/46317/bureaucracy-and-citizen-journalism-issues-and-challenges-imperative-for-media-practice-in-nigeria/raphael-abumchukwu-ekwunife
Discourse and Dissent in the Coverage of Hyderabad Blasts by the Leading Indi...ijtsrd
Â
Print media is a mass media that serves as a vigilant watchdog in a society. It analyses the latest policies of the government and builds up public opinion, and works as a bridge between people and the government. Media has the power to generate a specific reaction from the public by the way a news story is portrayed. Newspapers have a significant impact on public perception of violent crime, far more than any other news source Paulsen, 2002 . During a conflict, the media plays a crucial role in shaping perception. The ways media constructs discourse vis a vis terrorist attacks needs to be recognized. ââŹĹThe credibility of media messages, their sources, and the messengers communicating those messages, as well as the context within which the messages are delivered, all mediate the influence of news on consumersââŹÂ Baum and Groeling, 2009 . Since the terrorist attacks, in addition to involving perpetrators and victims, also involves the audience. It can be said that the way news about the attacks is covered has an influence on how the masses perceive the incident. Such attacks have become a common occurrence, however, the focus of the current study is to analyze the discourse that has been generated by the media in the coverage of the Hyderabad blasts. The study also analyses the dissent in Indian print media by analyzing the reportage of the Hyderabad blasts by the four leading Indian English newspapers. Saima Riyaz | Dr Aaliya Ahmed "Discourse and Dissent in the Coverage of Hyderabad Blasts by the Leading Indian English Dailies" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd21609.pdf
Clustering analysis on news from health OSINT data regarding CORONAVIRUS-COVI...ALexandruDaia1
Â
Our primarly goal was to detect clusters via gensim libraries in news data consisting ofinformation regarding health and threats. We identified clusters for the periodscorresponding: i) Jannuary 2006 until the end of 2019, as December 2019 is considered thefirst month in which information about CORONVIRUS COVID-19 was made public; ii)between the 1st of Jannuary 2019 and 31st December 2019; and iii) between the 31st ofDecember 2019 and the 14th of April 2020. We conducted experiments using naturallanguage on open source intelligence data offered generously by brica.de, a providerspecialized in Business Risk Intelligence & Cyberthreat Awareness.
The Analysis of Ideological Practices in Sindo Newspaper through the Headline...AJHSSR Journal
Â
ABSTRACT: The Research Title: âThe Analysis of Ideological Practices in Sindo Newspaper through the Headline of the 2014 Presidential Election Campaignâ. The purpose of theresearch was to analyze the headline ideological discourse on the 2014 presidential election campaign. This type of research is qualitative. The research method is content analysis with Norman Faitcloughâs version of Critical Discourse Analysis. Research paradigm; critical paradigm with critical theory. Furthermore, the data collection techniques used in this research are Text Analysis, Indepth-interview, literature research and documentation, and observation. Based on the results of descriptive analysis at the text/ micro level, interpretive analysis at the level of discourse practice/ mezzo, and explanatory analysis at the level of sociocultural practice/ macro, the results of this research were obtained, about the ideology of the newspaper Sindo newspaper, theoretically or based on external symbols of this media and based on the acknowledgment of the key informant as the representative owner, it can be ascertained the ideological discourse of the 2014 Sindo newspaperâs presidential election campaign is the Pancasila press. However, in the practice of press management the attitude of the owners of capital was very visible in favor of the presidential and vice presidential candidate pair of Prabowo-Hatta. But on the other handSindo Newspaper also gives the freedom to journalists to have slightly different attitudes with the policies of capital owners.
Ideg publication this week newsletter june 2016IDEGGhana
Â
IDEG This Week will feature one major topical is-sue which could be considered as central to the current political discourse. This underlies the IDEG mandate, and should nourish whatever debate and discussions the article on the topical issue could generate.
This study aimed at appraising the observance of Gricean maxims by Tanzanian politicians in T.V. hosted interviews. The study adopted Grice (1975) cooperative principle in finding out politiciansâ observance of the Gricean quality and quantity maxims.The interviews are from EATV âMkasiâ session and involved Honorable Mwigulu Nchemba from CCM and Hon. Zitto Kabwe from CHADEMA and only their verbal responses were subjected to analysis. Content analysis for data collection was used and the study involved a case study design. The study findings show that politicians did not adhere to these conversational maxims as they responded to questions employing different forms of non-observances include flouting and opting out of maxims as well as maxim clash. These non-observances were meant to persuade the viewers and gain social and political credibility, achieving politeness, imposing and suppressing/avoid any face-threatening, and building the speakersâ positive images and that of their parties. However, the inferences drawn from the findings were the two politicians like other members of public service did not often observe the maxims, meaning that they intentionally chose to be non-literal and opted for indirect communication, even in their non-observances of the maxims they remained communicative in a richer and profound way than if they were literal and direct.
This paper presents the results of a new monitoring project of the US presidential elections with the aim of establishing computer-based tools to track in real time the popularity or awareness of candidates. The designed and developed innovative methods allow us to extract the frequency of queries sent to numerous search engines by US Internet users. Based on these data, this paper demonstrates that Trump was more frequently searched than the Democratic candidates, either Hillary Clinton in 2016 or Joe Biden in 2020. When analyzing the topics, it is observed that in 2020 the US users had shown a remarkable interest in two subjects, namely, Coronavirus and Jobs (unemployment). Interest for other topics such as Education or Healthcare were less pronounced while issues such as Immigration were given even less attention by users. Finally, some âflameâ topics such as Black Lives Matter (2020) and Gun Control (2016) appear to be very popular for a few weeks before returning to a low level of interest. When analyzing tweets sent by candidates during the 2020 campaign, one can observe that Trump was focused mainly on Jobs and on Riots, announcing what would happen if Democrats took power. To these negative ads, Biden answered by putting forward moral values (e.g., love, honesty) and political symbols (e.g., democracy, rights) and by underlying the failure of the current administration in resolving the pandemic situation.
A data-driven report chronicling the pubic engagement of Osun State Governor, Alhaji Gboyega Oyetola, with Osun citizens in 2019 across digital and offline communication media
Effectiveness of INEC Communication Awareness Strategies on the 2023 General ...ijtsrd
Â
This Research Study titled effectiveness Of INEC communication awareness Strategies in the 2023 general elections. A study of the South South residents of Nigeria. Effective communication strategy is important for the conduct and management of electoral process. Information, education and communication are effective tools for behavoural change especially in the efforts to reduce voter, apathy, violence and increase participation in the electoral process. The objectives of the study was to determine the level of INECâs communication message raised awareness on voter registration. It was also to determine the extent to which INECâs communications raised awareness regarding the identification of polling units and also to reveal the assessment or extent to which INECâs communications raised awareness on how to cast the ballots. The survey research method was adopted for the study while questionnaire was used as data collection instrument. The 8,356,603 residents of the six 6 states capitals of the South south states were used as the population from where a sample size of 460 was drawn using the Taro Tamene formula. The purposive sampling technique was used for the study while simple percentage were employed in analyzing the collected data. Based on the analysis of data, finding revealed that INECâs communicate messages raised the awareness of the people in the area of voter registration. INECâs communication messages were not clear enough to the respondents in the area of knowledge of polling units identification. INECâs communication. Messages were not clear to the respondent in the area of how to cast ballots. Based on the findings, the study recommended that INEC should sustain the communication messages in the area of voter registration and be more consistent about it. Another recommendation is that INECâs communication messages be made more understandable increase knowledge on how to vote and reduce the trend of huge void votes during election. Paleowei Zikena Cletus "Effectiveness of INEC Communication Awareness Strategies on the 2023 General Election: A Study of Residents of South-South Region" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63474.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/63474/effectiveness-of-inec-communication-awareness-strategies-on-the-2023-general-election-a-study-of-residents-of-southsouth-region/paleowei-zikena-cletus
Running head ROLE OF MEDIA IN THE SOCIETYROLE OF MEDIA IN T.docxcharisellington63520
Â
Running head: ROLE OF MEDIA IN THE SOCIETY
ROLE OF MEDIA IN THE SOCIETY 15
Role of Media in the Society
Name:
Institution:
Date:
Media plays a very significant role in the society. In fact, the media is involved in every activity that takes place in the society (Raiz, 2010). Media is a very important aspect of the current society because it is very helpful in strengthening our society. In every activity taking place in the society, media acts as a mirror in that it seeks to reflect on all activities taking place in the society. Mirror can thus be seen as a very important tool that shapes the lives of the members of the society. Generally, the media seeks to inform the members of the public on the currently faced affairs, the new affairs in the society, and even on subjects such as fashion and gossip, as they are important in the entertainment world. Media thus seeks to distribute information to individuals that are located in different places, geographically.
Media is, thus, responsible for several roles, which include promotion of marketing and trading of prejudices and products, since advertisements for most of the products in the market is done through the different media channels. The core governing values of the media are supposed to be equity an rigorousness but this is not reflected in the ways through which media operate since, the current state of the media is characterized by self-aggrandizement and greed, the two values that have played a greater part in the poisoning of equity and righteousness, which were the initial virtues of the media. In the society, the media is responsible for several important activities. These activities include dissipation of the information, provision of entertainment to the public, promotion of correlation of the several parts that constitute our society, education of the public domain, and promotions and advertisements.
Media thus, plays a great part in influencing of the society in multiple ways. For instance, media for masses enables the members of the society to create their opinions on certain matters of public concern ad also in making judgments regarding such matters (Khondker, 2011). Furthermore, it is through the media that members of the society gain information concerning things that are taking place, both at their location and other geographical locations that are beyond the reach of the people in a given geographical area. Media thus, plays a significant role in ensuring that people get the information on matters happening in their surroundings and also the matters being experienced around the world. Despite the good attributes of media in the society, the media has been pointed out to cause some negative impacts on the youth members of the society. This is based on the proven fact that the content of the media has brought disorientation on the personalities and dreams of many youths. Following wh.
Hate Speech and Nigeriaâs Struggle for Democratic Consolidation: A Conceptual...Premier Publishers
Â
Fake news and hate speech are not new to Nigerian democracy. However, since the internet revolution in recent decades, 2015 is seen as the year Nigeria finally woke up to the threat of fake news and hate speech fueled by internet technologies that are subtly used to undermine democracy. Since then, whenever national, state or local council elections approach, Nigeria experiences tense and difficult times â conflicts, media propaganda, hate comments and false information â circumstances that are inimical to the nationâs democracy. Despite fake news and hate have become global concepts, peculiarities of nations and cultures democracies imply that context-based tools will be more suitable to provide evidence-based data on their impact on democracies. To provide an understanding of the call-for-research epistemologies being developed in Nigerian academic circles, this paper presents a critical review of a book chapter titled Fake News, Hate Speech and Nigeriaâs Struggle for Democratic Consolidation: A Conceptual Review written by two Nigerian scholars: Prof. Umaru A. Pate (Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria) and Adamkolo Mohammed Ibrahim (University of Maiduguri, Nigeria) published 2020 by IGI Global. The chapter provides a further understanding on the impacts and processes of fake news and hate speech in Nigeria, especially during political activities.
Information disorder: Toward an interdisciplinary framework for research and ...friendscb
Â
A comprehensive examination of information disorder including filter bubbles, echo chambers and information pollution published by the Council of Europe.
What we see may not always be the reality and what we
presume as real may not be our observation always. In a democratic
set-up, this has often emerged as a reality. Democracies had always been subjected to criticism but it is astonishing to note how the
interplay of corrupt vision and changing social attitudes playing a
havoc in our democratic systems. This paper broadly investigates
the voting behavior and attitudes in response to sophisticated
tempting actions by political parties to pull voters. This research
demonstrates that higher the level of temptation combined with
many socio-economic perils leads to higher biasness towards
them. Participatory research, interviews, journals, publications,
and observation and media reporting have been studied, analyzed,
and scrutinized to discover how different poor and illiterate people
vote. Findings and results attribute a greater role of education,
financial liberty, backwardness, and awareness to political reality
in determining voting behavior.
POLITICAL OPINION ANALYSIS IN SOCIAL NETWORKS: CASE OF TWITTER AND FACEBOOK dannyijwest
Â
The 21st century has been characterized by an increased attention to social networks. Nowadays, going 24
hours without getting in touch with them in some way has become difficult. Facebook and Twitter, these
social platforms are now part of everyday life. Thus, these social networks have become important sources
to be aware of frequently discussed topics or public opinions on a current issue. A lot of people write
messages about current events, give their opinion on any topic and discuss social issues more and more.
Analysis of Social Media Sentiment for Depression Prediction using Supervised...ijtsrd
Â
Sentiment analysis is a new trend in understanding peoples emotions in a variety of scenarios in their daily lives. Social media data, which includes text data as well as emoticons, emojis, and other images, would be used throughout the process, including the analysis and categorization procedures. Numerous trials were carried out in previous research using Binary and Triple Classification, however multi class classification provides more exact and precise classification. The data would be separated into many sub classes based on the polarity in multi class classification. During the categorization procedure, Supervised Machine Learning Methods would be used. Sentiment levels may be tracked or studied via social media. This work examines sentiment analysis on communal media data for apprehension or detection using various artificial intelligence approaches. In the poll, it was visually campaigned that social media data, which included words, emoticons, and emojis, was used for sentiment recognition using various machine learning approaches. For sentiment analysis, the Supervised Learning with Radial Basis Function SL RBF Algorithm has a greater precision value. Yogesh Sahu | Dr. Pinaki Ghosh "Analysis of Social Media Sentiment for Depression Prediction using Supervised Learning and Radial Basis Function" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-6 , December 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd60158.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/60158/analysis-of-social-media-sentiment-for-depression-prediction-using-supervised-learning-and-radial-basis-function/yogesh-sahu
Ideg publication this week newsletter june 2016IDEGGhana
Â
IDEG This Week will feature one major topical is-sue which could be considered as central to the current political discourse. This underlies the IDEG mandate, and should nourish whatever debate and discussions the article on the topical issue could generate.
This study aimed at appraising the observance of Gricean maxims by Tanzanian politicians in T.V. hosted interviews. The study adopted Grice (1975) cooperative principle in finding out politiciansâ observance of the Gricean quality and quantity maxims.The interviews are from EATV âMkasiâ session and involved Honorable Mwigulu Nchemba from CCM and Hon. Zitto Kabwe from CHADEMA and only their verbal responses were subjected to analysis. Content analysis for data collection was used and the study involved a case study design. The study findings show that politicians did not adhere to these conversational maxims as they responded to questions employing different forms of non-observances include flouting and opting out of maxims as well as maxim clash. These non-observances were meant to persuade the viewers and gain social and political credibility, achieving politeness, imposing and suppressing/avoid any face-threatening, and building the speakersâ positive images and that of their parties. However, the inferences drawn from the findings were the two politicians like other members of public service did not often observe the maxims, meaning that they intentionally chose to be non-literal and opted for indirect communication, even in their non-observances of the maxims they remained communicative in a richer and profound way than if they were literal and direct.
This paper presents the results of a new monitoring project of the US presidential elections with the aim of establishing computer-based tools to track in real time the popularity or awareness of candidates. The designed and developed innovative methods allow us to extract the frequency of queries sent to numerous search engines by US Internet users. Based on these data, this paper demonstrates that Trump was more frequently searched than the Democratic candidates, either Hillary Clinton in 2016 or Joe Biden in 2020. When analyzing the topics, it is observed that in 2020 the US users had shown a remarkable interest in two subjects, namely, Coronavirus and Jobs (unemployment). Interest for other topics such as Education or Healthcare were less pronounced while issues such as Immigration were given even less attention by users. Finally, some âflameâ topics such as Black Lives Matter (2020) and Gun Control (2016) appear to be very popular for a few weeks before returning to a low level of interest. When analyzing tweets sent by candidates during the 2020 campaign, one can observe that Trump was focused mainly on Jobs and on Riots, announcing what would happen if Democrats took power. To these negative ads, Biden answered by putting forward moral values (e.g., love, honesty) and political symbols (e.g., democracy, rights) and by underlying the failure of the current administration in resolving the pandemic situation.
A data-driven report chronicling the pubic engagement of Osun State Governor, Alhaji Gboyega Oyetola, with Osun citizens in 2019 across digital and offline communication media
Effectiveness of INEC Communication Awareness Strategies on the 2023 General ...ijtsrd
Â
This Research Study titled effectiveness Of INEC communication awareness Strategies in the 2023 general elections. A study of the South South residents of Nigeria. Effective communication strategy is important for the conduct and management of electoral process. Information, education and communication are effective tools for behavoural change especially in the efforts to reduce voter, apathy, violence and increase participation in the electoral process. The objectives of the study was to determine the level of INECâs communication message raised awareness on voter registration. It was also to determine the extent to which INECâs communications raised awareness regarding the identification of polling units and also to reveal the assessment or extent to which INECâs communications raised awareness on how to cast the ballots. The survey research method was adopted for the study while questionnaire was used as data collection instrument. The 8,356,603 residents of the six 6 states capitals of the South south states were used as the population from where a sample size of 460 was drawn using the Taro Tamene formula. The purposive sampling technique was used for the study while simple percentage were employed in analyzing the collected data. Based on the analysis of data, finding revealed that INECâs communicate messages raised the awareness of the people in the area of voter registration. INECâs communication messages were not clear enough to the respondents in the area of knowledge of polling units identification. INECâs communication. Messages were not clear to the respondent in the area of how to cast ballots. Based on the findings, the study recommended that INEC should sustain the communication messages in the area of voter registration and be more consistent about it. Another recommendation is that INECâs communication messages be made more understandable increase knowledge on how to vote and reduce the trend of huge void votes during election. Paleowei Zikena Cletus "Effectiveness of INEC Communication Awareness Strategies on the 2023 General Election: A Study of Residents of South-South Region" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63474.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/63474/effectiveness-of-inec-communication-awareness-strategies-on-the-2023-general-election-a-study-of-residents-of-southsouth-region/paleowei-zikena-cletus
Running head ROLE OF MEDIA IN THE SOCIETYROLE OF MEDIA IN T.docxcharisellington63520
Â
Running head: ROLE OF MEDIA IN THE SOCIETY
ROLE OF MEDIA IN THE SOCIETY 15
Role of Media in the Society
Name:
Institution:
Date:
Media plays a very significant role in the society. In fact, the media is involved in every activity that takes place in the society (Raiz, 2010). Media is a very important aspect of the current society because it is very helpful in strengthening our society. In every activity taking place in the society, media acts as a mirror in that it seeks to reflect on all activities taking place in the society. Mirror can thus be seen as a very important tool that shapes the lives of the members of the society. Generally, the media seeks to inform the members of the public on the currently faced affairs, the new affairs in the society, and even on subjects such as fashion and gossip, as they are important in the entertainment world. Media thus seeks to distribute information to individuals that are located in different places, geographically.
Media is, thus, responsible for several roles, which include promotion of marketing and trading of prejudices and products, since advertisements for most of the products in the market is done through the different media channels. The core governing values of the media are supposed to be equity an rigorousness but this is not reflected in the ways through which media operate since, the current state of the media is characterized by self-aggrandizement and greed, the two values that have played a greater part in the poisoning of equity and righteousness, which were the initial virtues of the media. In the society, the media is responsible for several important activities. These activities include dissipation of the information, provision of entertainment to the public, promotion of correlation of the several parts that constitute our society, education of the public domain, and promotions and advertisements.
Media thus, plays a great part in influencing of the society in multiple ways. For instance, media for masses enables the members of the society to create their opinions on certain matters of public concern ad also in making judgments regarding such matters (Khondker, 2011). Furthermore, it is through the media that members of the society gain information concerning things that are taking place, both at their location and other geographical locations that are beyond the reach of the people in a given geographical area. Media thus, plays a significant role in ensuring that people get the information on matters happening in their surroundings and also the matters being experienced around the world. Despite the good attributes of media in the society, the media has been pointed out to cause some negative impacts on the youth members of the society. This is based on the proven fact that the content of the media has brought disorientation on the personalities and dreams of many youths. Following wh.
Hate Speech and Nigeriaâs Struggle for Democratic Consolidation: A Conceptual...Premier Publishers
Â
Fake news and hate speech are not new to Nigerian democracy. However, since the internet revolution in recent decades, 2015 is seen as the year Nigeria finally woke up to the threat of fake news and hate speech fueled by internet technologies that are subtly used to undermine democracy. Since then, whenever national, state or local council elections approach, Nigeria experiences tense and difficult times â conflicts, media propaganda, hate comments and false information â circumstances that are inimical to the nationâs democracy. Despite fake news and hate have become global concepts, peculiarities of nations and cultures democracies imply that context-based tools will be more suitable to provide evidence-based data on their impact on democracies. To provide an understanding of the call-for-research epistemologies being developed in Nigerian academic circles, this paper presents a critical review of a book chapter titled Fake News, Hate Speech and Nigeriaâs Struggle for Democratic Consolidation: A Conceptual Review written by two Nigerian scholars: Prof. Umaru A. Pate (Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria) and Adamkolo Mohammed Ibrahim (University of Maiduguri, Nigeria) published 2020 by IGI Global. The chapter provides a further understanding on the impacts and processes of fake news and hate speech in Nigeria, especially during political activities.
Information disorder: Toward an interdisciplinary framework for research and ...friendscb
Â
A comprehensive examination of information disorder including filter bubbles, echo chambers and information pollution published by the Council of Europe.
What we see may not always be the reality and what we
presume as real may not be our observation always. In a democratic
set-up, this has often emerged as a reality. Democracies had always been subjected to criticism but it is astonishing to note how the
interplay of corrupt vision and changing social attitudes playing a
havoc in our democratic systems. This paper broadly investigates
the voting behavior and attitudes in response to sophisticated
tempting actions by political parties to pull voters. This research
demonstrates that higher the level of temptation combined with
many socio-economic perils leads to higher biasness towards
them. Participatory research, interviews, journals, publications,
and observation and media reporting have been studied, analyzed,
and scrutinized to discover how different poor and illiterate people
vote. Findings and results attribute a greater role of education,
financial liberty, backwardness, and awareness to political reality
in determining voting behavior.
POLITICAL OPINION ANALYSIS IN SOCIAL NETWORKS: CASE OF TWITTER AND FACEBOOK dannyijwest
Â
The 21st century has been characterized by an increased attention to social networks. Nowadays, going 24
hours without getting in touch with them in some way has become difficult. Facebook and Twitter, these
social platforms are now part of everyday life. Thus, these social networks have become important sources
to be aware of frequently discussed topics or public opinions on a current issue. A lot of people write
messages about current events, give their opinion on any topic and discuss social issues more and more.
Analysis of Social Media Sentiment for Depression Prediction using Supervised...ijtsrd
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Sentiment analysis is a new trend in understanding peoples emotions in a variety of scenarios in their daily lives. Social media data, which includes text data as well as emoticons, emojis, and other images, would be used throughout the process, including the analysis and categorization procedures. Numerous trials were carried out in previous research using Binary and Triple Classification, however multi class classification provides more exact and precise classification. The data would be separated into many sub classes based on the polarity in multi class classification. During the categorization procedure, Supervised Machine Learning Methods would be used. Sentiment levels may be tracked or studied via social media. This work examines sentiment analysis on communal media data for apprehension or detection using various artificial intelligence approaches. In the poll, it was visually campaigned that social media data, which included words, emoticons, and emojis, was used for sentiment recognition using various machine learning approaches. For sentiment analysis, the Supervised Learning with Radial Basis Function SL RBF Algorithm has a greater precision value. Yogesh Sahu | Dr. Pinaki Ghosh "Analysis of Social Media Sentiment for Depression Prediction using Supervised Learning and Radial Basis Function" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-6 , December 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd60158.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/60158/analysis-of-social-media-sentiment-for-depression-prediction-using-supervised-learning-and-radial-basis-function/yogesh-sahu
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
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Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
⢠The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
⢠The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate âany matterâ at âany timeâ under House Rule X.
⢠The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
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http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasnât one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
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Macroeconomics- Movie Location
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Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
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Francesca Gottschalk from the OECDâs Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
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The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesarâs dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empireâs birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empireâs society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
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Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
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This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Operation âBlue Starâ is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
A Corpus-Based Critical Discourse Analysis Of Pre-2019 General Elections Reports In Selected Nigerian Newspapers
1. International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation (IJLLT)
ISSN: 2617-0299 (Online); ISSN: 2708-0099 (Print)
DOI: 10.32996/ijllt
www.ijllt.org
142
A Corpus-Based Critical Discourse Analysis of Pre-2019 General Elections Reports in Selected
Nigerian Newspapers
Samuel Oyeyemi Agbeleoba1
*, Edward Owusu2
and Asuamah Adade-Yeboah3
1
Lecturer of English language, Department of English and Literary Studies,Ekiti State University Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
2
Senior Lecturer of English language, Department of Communication Studies; and Director, Directorate of Quality Assurance
and Academic Planning, Sunyani Technical University, Ghana
3
Senior Lecturer of English Language and Literature; and Head, Department of Communication Studies, Christian Service
University College, Kumasi, Ghana
Corresponding Author: Edward Owusu, E-mail: edwardowusu@minister.com.
ARTICLE INFORMATION ABSTRACT
Received: August 05, 2020
Accepted: September 26, 2020
Volume: 3
Issue: 9
DOI: 10.32996/ijllt.2020.3.9.15
Generally, language experts believe that there are inherent ideologies in language
use. The aspect of discourse study that discloses such ideologies is known as Critical
Discourse Study (CDA). This paper seeks to exhume the various inherent ideologies
that presuppose selected news reports on the Nigeriaâs 2019 General Elections in
Nigerian newspapers. This study is, however, corpus-based. Scholars have
established that discourse is a kind of constructively conditioned public exercise.
They believe that power relations exist at different levels of daily social interaction;
revealing superiority or inferiority of interlocutors involved. News reports relating
to the General Elections were electronically collated from the various newspaper
platforms for a sizable language corpus. The name Independent National Electoral
Commission (INEC) was selected and analysed purposively with the aid of Digital
Humanities (DH) tool to observe the frequency of the acronym INEC and the textual
context in which it occurs in five newspapersâ reports about the electoral body via
the authority it gives; the warning it issues, and the appeal it makes to the
stakeholders. The paper finds out that the negative perceptions of many observers
about the elections have actually been predicted by the various reports in the
newspapers, prior to the elections. The paper concludes that reporters of news
items do not account for issues concerning electoral body with the same
constructive and destructive dispositions; and this gives room for subjectivity and
prejudice.
KEYWORDS
Critical Discourse Analysis,
corpus, INEC, Nigerian
newspapers, reports
1. Introduction
1
One of the primary aims of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) is to apply critical approach, position or stance on research works
on writing and oral conversation. Because there are inherent ideologies in language use, it is the focus of CDA to exhume
these ideologies, beliefs and perceptions as reflected in the use of language. CDA attempts to reveal and uncover the implicit
ideas that are not immediately inferred while considering the discursive relations in a text. According to Van Dijk (1993), CDA
typifies âdiscourse investigative study that predominantly researches the manner social abuse of influence, supremacy and
disparity are legislated, replicated and repelled by writing and speech in societal and governmental settings.â Scholars believe
that CDA set out to expose âthe philosophical and irregular control systems that dwell in communal, governmental and
traditional processesâ. This shows that language elements have some kind of expressive power which can characterize and
reveal any given communicative event just like how the Latin tag puts it: Stilus virum arguit (the style proclaims the man).
This paper critically looks at the various reports about the 2019 General Elections in Nigeria through the lens of CDA by
relying on the âminingâ power of linguistic corpora tool to bring about valid generalization of our findings.
Nigeria came into a fully democratic dispensation on the 29th day of May, 1999 and vested the authority to conduct free, fair
and acceptable elections in the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC). This institution has since carried out
Published by Al-KindiCenter for Research and Development. Copyright (c) the author(s). This is an open access article under
CC BY license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
2. IJLLT 3(9):142-147
143
about five presidential polls, heralding about three transitions from one regime to another. Preparatory to these elections,
the INEC had engaged stakeholders in terms of enlightenment and moderation of campaigns, as well as giving the
stakeholders proper education on the electoral guidelines. Preparations for the 2019 Nigeria general elections were not an
exception. Therefore, this paper focuses on the various news reports by some Nigerian newspapers before and during the
2019 general elections.
2. Review of Literature
We cannot explain CDA without making allusions to aspects of literature by scholars such as Fowler et al. (1979) and Hodge
and Kress (1993). Among other ideas these scholars hold is that the practice of human communication could lead to a
perplexity of societal issues which methodical examination could unearth. For instance, an omitted structure in English
passive sentences could be perceived as a philosophical technique for disguising or âmystifyingâ reference to an agent
(Chilton, 2013). One of the primary ideologies of CDA is the significant reflection that the manipulation of human
communication is a collective exercise which is known by societal systems and also helps in normalizing and altering that
system concurrently. These scholars have established that discourse is a kind of constructively conditioned social practice.
They believe that power relations exist at different levels of daily social interaction; revealing superiority or inferiority of
interlocutors involved. In the words of Van Dijk (1993), âthe practice of control typically presumes cognitive administration,
including the effect of knowledge and views which we intellectualize in terms of social cognitionâ. Therefore, CDA centres on
both printed and oral systems of human communication with explicit attention to the way human communication operates,
and its systems and structures that expose supremacy in a specified speech community.
In our contemporary society, one of the major channels of effective human management in terms of information
dissemination is mass media. They provide access to reliable information about language for analyses and academic
investigations through how human communication functions in news reports, advertisements, and editorials among others.
Also, recently, the convergence of the media on the Internet gives unlimited access to the linguistic resources from the
various media organisations. Though mass media have always been seen as disseminators of objective reportage, the
influence of the ownership has over the years conditioned the affiliation of many media organisations to different opinions in
the political sphere.
Computer-based analytical methods have contributed in no small measure, recently, to the study language. This includes the
area of patterns of language use. This method has been used for a large number of researches on media, legal and political
discourses. Notable in this area are Mulderring (2009), Koller and Mautner (2004), and Baker et al (2008). The combination
(of CDA and computer-based analytical tools) has added many values to the research process including the possibility of
having a huge language database, ensuring the accuracy of data, as well as saving time usually spent on analyses and
processing of data.
Another work in this area of research is Taiwo (2007) which focuses on newspaper headlines in Nigeria. The paper submitted
that connotations and denotations of human communication are obviously terminologies of representation of thoughts of
the entities in a certain speech community. Also, Dahunsi (2016) investigated the reportage of some Nigerian newspapers
with emphasis on political parties. He concluded that newspapers did not write proceedings and happenings of the
incumbent government and its political party with the same constructive and destructive dispositions.
3. Methodology
There are many tabloids and newspapers in Nigeria that report both local and international activities. Five newspapers were
selected using the yardstick of readership, as well as frequency of review on other media platforms. They are The Punch, The
Tribune, The Nation, Daily Independence and The Guardian. All these newspapers, which are documented in Standard English
on daily basis, are accessible on the Internet. Fifty (50) reports were randomly picked from each of these newspapers. This
gave us a total of two hundred and fifty (250) in our corpus.
3.1 Method of Corpus Creation
A corpus of 400,000 words was built for each of the newspapers making 2,000,000 words. It also covered between June 2018
and February 2019. The reports were sourced primarily from the websites of the newspapers. These reports and news were
not articles written by independent writers or freelance journalists but write-ups from the ombudsmen of these
organisations. The contents of the corpus also contained unedited and unaltered news and reports. We have, however,
3. A Corpus-Based Critical Discourse Analysis of Pre-2019 General Elections Reports in Selected Nigerian Newspapers
144
removed pictures and other information considered to be irrelevant to this study. Consequently, issues such as the name of
the writer and place of reporting were not incorporated in our study.
4. Data Analysis
4.1 Frequency of the acronym INEC across corpora
The first step was to examine the number of times the acronym INEC was mentioned across corpora, and in each of the
newspapers within the same period of publication. This enabled us to understand the environments of the various
occurrences. We also observed the occurrence of the acronym in the negative, positive and neutral environment across
corpora. This enabled us to establish the thought pattern of each newspaper organisation and their ideology, prior to the
2019 general elections in Nigeria.
4.2 Concordancing of the acronym INEC across corpora
We used Antconc, Wordsmith tools and Web matrix for concordancing. Here, our major interest was in the electoral body,
INEC. Therefore, we decided to investigate the way its (INEC) issues and happenings were told by these newspapers within
the period under examination. The tools we used search a corpus for a certain word or phrase and gave every example of the
selected word or phrase in the middle of our computer screen, with the pre- and post-modifying words of the highlighted
word or phrase.
The textual context around the acronym INEC varied in the various newspapers examined, but those that had to do with
either appeal by INEC or appeal to INEC were sorted as shown in Figure 1. It is a typical example of the mood of stakeholders
around the period of election in Nigeria where there are appeals and cross-appeals. Examples of these are shown in Figure 1,
with manifestations in ordinary sentence or phrase as:
- He advised INEC and the security agents to live up to their responsibilities.
- INEC has urged religious leaders in Delta to advise theirâŚ.
- Unsubstantiated allegations by the PDP spokesperson against the INEC chairman.
Figure 1: INEC in environment of appeal
The textual contexts that had to do with INEC exercising authority or having anything to do with higher authority were also
sorted to show the concordance lines in which INEC performed or expected that role. Examples of these can be found in the
excerpt depicted in Figure 2:
- INEC releases regulationsâŚ.
- DSS arraigns INEC officialsâŚ.
- INEC disenfranchising many Nigerians by insisting on PVCâŚ
- INEC has banned APC from presenting candidatesâŚ.
4. IJLLT 3(9):142-147
145
Figure 2: INEC in environment of authority
Also, the acronym INEC in the environment of warning was sorted out. This manifested in the form of INEC warning a group
of people or prominent individuals warning INEC on the credibility of the elections as seen in Figure 3:
- INEC is not in the business of rigging electionsâŚ
- This is to ensure that INEC does not in any way allow untrained ad-hoc personnel toâŚ.
- We also urge INEC to continue in its bid to ensure free, fair and credible elections.
Figure 3: INEC in environnement of warning
5. Results of Analysis
5.1 Analysis of Frequency of INEC
The result shows that the acronym INEC was mentioned 6,337 times with the following distribution among the five corpora:
The Nation - 920
The Punch - 1,302
The Tribune - 1,280
The Daily Independence - 1,315
The Guardian - 1,520
5. A Corpus-Based Critical Discourse Analysis of Pre-2019 General Elections Reports in Selected Nigerian Newspapers
146
The graphic representation of these results is seen in the Figure 4:
Figure 4: Frequencies of âINECâ across Corpora
5.2 Concordance Analysis
Table 1: Occurrences of INEC in different environments across corpora (in percentage)
Nation Punch Tribune Daily Independence Guardian
Appeal 30 40 30 45 30
Authority 40 32 45 40 40
Warning 35 45 20 35 20
The graphic representation of the occurrences of INEC in Table 1 is shown in the Figure 5, which reflects the three different
environments already identified:
Figure 5: Concordance of 'INEC' at different environments of its occurrence in each Corpus (%)
6. Discussion
The various levels of analysis show that the five newspapers selected for this study did not report the same side of news on
INEC at the same level of disposition. This can be confirmed in the frequency of the acronym INEC in the five newspapers
examined. The Nation corpus mentioned INEC 920 times; the Punch corpus 1,302 times; The Tribune corpus 1,280 times; The
Daily Independence corpus 1,315 times and The Guardian corpus 1,520 times. Also, it was discovered that The Nation, The
Tribune and The Guardian approached their report about INEC from angles relating to authority during the period under
study with percentages of 40, 45, and 40 respectively. While The Punch picked most of its report on INEC from angle of
warning in terms of semantic association and environment with 45%, The Daily Independence preferred the angle of appeal in
reporting issues and events relating to INEC with 35% in terms of frequency of occurrence.
The implication of these results as seen in Figures 4 and 5 is that the idiosyncratic orientations of the various writers of the
texts examined are clearly reflected in their write-ups. First, The Nation shows great deal of reports on INEC that assert
0
2000
INEC' Frequency
Frequencies of 'INEC' across Corpora
The Nation The Punch
The Tribune The Daily Independence
The Guardian
0
10
20
30
40
50
Nation Punch Tribune Daily Indp. Guardian
Appeal Authority Warning
6. IJLLT 3(9):142-147
147
authority or reeling out warnings against defaulters rather than appeal. Second, The Punch prefers the angle of warning
rather than appeal and that of authority. The Tribune presents INEC from the angle of a body giving directive and order during
this period rather than warning and appeal. However, The Daily Independence prefers to present INEC in a soft manner that
shows the body appealing to the electorate and other stakeholders. It sees INEC not as authority, even though it is during this
period, but as a responsible major stakeholder in ensuring smooth elections. Finally, The Guardian, just like The Tribune, sees
INEC issuing more directives and orders rather than appeal and warning.
Since analysts are not neutral in Critical Discourse Studies, but commit themselves in approving of the dominated and
prominent people in the society, and based on the results of examination in this research, it can be reasoned that The Daily
Independenceâs preference of showing INEC from the soft and appealing angle is a clear evidence of its bias to portray INEC as
âweakâ and almost incapacitated in handling matters of election with confidence. It could also be inferred that The Nation,
The Punch and The Tribune did not hide their bias for INEC during this period since they wrote to show the body as not only
authoritative, but also as an institution that could aid punishment and prosecution against defaulters of electoral laws.
7. Conclusion
The objective of this paper was to disclose the various innate ideologies that presume selected news reports on the Nigeriaâs
2019 general elections in five Nigerian newspapers of The Punch, The Tribune, The Nation, Daily Independence and The
Guardian. The findings of the paper showed that reporters of news items did not write activities about the electoral body in
Nigeria with the same disposition, and this has established the non-neutrality of some of the newspapers in Nigeria about
their reportage in terms of language use. Only The Daily Independence is seen as markedly different from the CDA point of
view. Corpus analytical methods and tools were employed in the study. These methods and tools enhanced data accuracy
that enabled us in the analysis of large volumes of written language. The paper, however, believes that the negative
perception of many observers about the 2019 general elections in Nigeria have actually been predicted by the various reports
in the newspapers, prior to the elections. The paper concludes that newspapers were bias in their reportage. The bias nature
of their reportage gives room for subjectivity and prejudice on the part of readers. Future research could focus on the 2016
General Elections in Ghana.
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