This document discusses data types in C programming. It describes primitive data types like integers, floats, characters and their syntax. It also covers non-primitive data types like arrays, structures, unions, and linked lists. Arrays store a collection of similar data types, structures group different data types, and unions store different types in the same memory location. Linked lists are dynamic data structures using pointers. The document also provides overviews of stacks and queues, describing their LIFO and FIFO properties respectively.
This document provides an overview of C++ data types. It discusses fundamental data types like integer, character, float, and double. It also covers type modifiers, derived data types like arrays and functions, and other concepts like pointers, references, constants, classes, structures, unions, and enumerations. The document aims to explain the different data types and how they are used in C++.
The document discusses various data types in C++. It explains that data types define the type of data stored in variables and associated operations. There are fundamental data types like integer, character, float, double, and void provided by C++. User-defined data types include arrays, pointers, references, structures, unions, classes and enumerations. The document provides details on the size and range of standard data types like short int, int, long, float, double etc. It also explains various type modifiers and derived data types.
This document discusses various data types in C programming. It covers primary data types like int, char, float, and void. It also discusses derived data types such as arrays, pointers, enumerated data types, structures, and typedef. For each data type, it provides details on usage, memory size, value ranges, and examples.
The document discusses arrays and pointers in C++. It covers:
- How to declare and initialize arrays
- Accessing array elements using subscripts
- Using parallel arrays when subscripts are not sequential numbers
- Special considerations for strings as arrays of characters
- Declaring pointer variables and using pointers to access array elements
- Potential issues with pointers like dangling references
Introduction to Data Structure : PointerS P Sajjan
This document discusses pointers to structures and arrays in C programming. It explains how to declare a pointer to a structure, access members of a structure using pointer operators like -> and *, and define pointers to arrays of strings. It also covers pointers to pointers, opening and closing files, reading from and writing to files, and how to create and manage files in C.
Structures in C allow the user to define a custom data type that combines different data types to represent a record. A structure is similar to an array but can contain heterogeneous data types, while an array only holds the same type. Structures are defined using the struct keyword followed by structure tags and member lists. Structure variables are declared like other variables and members can be accessed using the dot operator. Arrays of structures and nested structures are also supported.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in C programming including variables, arrays, pointers, and arrays using pointers. It defines variables as names that refer to memory locations holding values. Arrays are collections of homogeneous elements that can be one-dimensional or multi-dimensional. Pointers are variables that store the address of another variable and allow indirect access to values. The document also discusses pointer types, arrays using pointers, and differences between arrays and pointers.
This document discusses data types in C programming. It describes primitive data types like integers, floats, characters and their syntax. It also covers non-primitive data types like arrays, structures, unions, and linked lists. Arrays store a collection of similar data types, structures group different data types, and unions store different types in the same memory location. Linked lists are dynamic data structures using pointers. The document also provides overviews of stacks and queues, describing their LIFO and FIFO properties respectively.
This document provides an overview of C++ data types. It discusses fundamental data types like integer, character, float, and double. It also covers type modifiers, derived data types like arrays and functions, and other concepts like pointers, references, constants, classes, structures, unions, and enumerations. The document aims to explain the different data types and how they are used in C++.
The document discusses various data types in C++. It explains that data types define the type of data stored in variables and associated operations. There are fundamental data types like integer, character, float, double, and void provided by C++. User-defined data types include arrays, pointers, references, structures, unions, classes and enumerations. The document provides details on the size and range of standard data types like short int, int, long, float, double etc. It also explains various type modifiers and derived data types.
This document discusses various data types in C programming. It covers primary data types like int, char, float, and void. It also discusses derived data types such as arrays, pointers, enumerated data types, structures, and typedef. For each data type, it provides details on usage, memory size, value ranges, and examples.
The document discusses arrays and pointers in C++. It covers:
- How to declare and initialize arrays
- Accessing array elements using subscripts
- Using parallel arrays when subscripts are not sequential numbers
- Special considerations for strings as arrays of characters
- Declaring pointer variables and using pointers to access array elements
- Potential issues with pointers like dangling references
Introduction to Data Structure : PointerS P Sajjan
This document discusses pointers to structures and arrays in C programming. It explains how to declare a pointer to a structure, access members of a structure using pointer operators like -> and *, and define pointers to arrays of strings. It also covers pointers to pointers, opening and closing files, reading from and writing to files, and how to create and manage files in C.
Structures in C allow the user to define a custom data type that combines different data types to represent a record. A structure is similar to an array but can contain heterogeneous data types, while an array only holds the same type. Structures are defined using the struct keyword followed by structure tags and member lists. Structure variables are declared like other variables and members can be accessed using the dot operator. Arrays of structures and nested structures are also supported.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in C programming including variables, arrays, pointers, and arrays using pointers. It defines variables as names that refer to memory locations holding values. Arrays are collections of homogeneous elements that can be one-dimensional or multi-dimensional. Pointers are variables that store the address of another variable and allow indirect access to values. The document also discusses pointer types, arrays using pointers, and differences between arrays and pointers.
This document discusses different data types in C/C++ including character, integer, and real (float) data types. It explains that character data can be signed or unsigned and occupies 1 byte, integer data represents whole numbers using the int type, and float data represents decimal numbers. The document also covers numeric and non-numeric constants in C/C++ such as integer, octal, hexadecimal, floating point, character, and string constants.
The objective of the Level 5 Diploma in Information Technology is to provide learners with an excellent foundation for a career in a range of organisations. It designed to ensure that each learner is ‘business ready’: a confident, independent thinker with a detailed knowledge of Information Technology, and equipped with the skills to adapt rapidly to change.
Arrays allow the storage of multiple values of the same type in memory locations next to each other. Arrays must be declared with a size and can then be accessed using indexes. Common array operations include traversal, insertion, deletion, searching and sorting. Two-dimensional arrays, also called matrices, store arrays of data in rows and columns. Strings in C are arrays of characters that end with a null terminator. Structures allow the grouping of different data types under one name. Enumerated types define a list of named integer constants.
Pointers provide a way to access and manipulate variables indirectly through memory addresses. A pointer variable stores the address of another variable. Pointers allow dynamic memory allocation and more efficient data manipulation. They are useful for implementing data structures like linked lists and arrays. Pointers can be declared, initialized, and dereferenced using operators like asterisk (*) and ampersand (&). Arithmetic operations on pointers modify the address they point to rather than the underlying value.
The document discusses various C data types including primary, derived, and user defined data types. It describes integer, floating point, character, array, structure, and enum data types. Integer types store whole numbers, floating point types store decimal numbers, and character types store single characters. Arrays allow storing multiple values of the same type, structures group different data types together, and enums define a new data type with named integer constants. Multidimensional arrays and accessing structure members are also explained with code examples.
This document assigns a group project on data types in C++ to seven students. It discusses the three main data types in C++ - character, integer, and float. Character data can store single characters, integer data stores whole numbers, and float data stores numeric values with decimals. It also covers variable declaration and initialization in C++, noting that variables must be declared before use and can be initialized with a value upon declaration. The document assigns different aspects of the data types topic to the seven students listed at the top for further explanation in the project.
An enumerated data type (enum) allows a variable to be assigned one of a list of predefined constant values. An enum defines a new data type with a set of named constants, which can then be used to declare enum variables that may be assigned one of the defined constant values. This helps simplify programs, enhance readability, and catch errors at compile time by restricting variables to a set of predefined values.
This is an intermediate conversion course for C++, suitable for second year computing students who may have learned Java or another language in first year.
The document discusses various data types in C++ including built-in, user-defined, and derived types. Structures and unions allow grouping of dissimilar element types. Classes define custom data types that can then be used to create objects. Enumerated types attach numeric values to named constants. Arrays define a collection of elements of the same type in sequence. Functions contain blocks of code to perform tasks. Pointers store memory addresses.
This document discusses R data types. It explains that in R, variables are assigned objects that determine the data type. The main data types covered are scalars, vectors, matrices, factors, data frames, and lists. Vectors store one-dimensional arrays, matrices are two-dimensional arrays of the same type, factors represent categorical variables, data frames contain different data types, and lists store ordered collections of varied objects. Examples are provided for creating each type of data structure in R.
The document discusses various C++ data types including built-in, derived, and user-defined data types. It describes the different built-in data types like int, char, float, double, void and their properties. It also discusses derived data types like arrays, functions, pointers, references, and constant. The document further explains user-defined data types like structures, unions and classes/objects in C++.
The document compares and contrasts arrays and linked lists. It states that arrays provide fast random access but fixed size, while linked lists have flexible size but slower sequential access. It also discusses different types of linked lists and their memory usage.
R supports various data types including numbers, strings, factors, data frames, and tables. Numbers and strings can be assigned to variables using <- or =. Factors represent discrete groupings. Lists are ordered collections of objects that can contain different data types. Data frames are lists that behave like tables, with each component being a vector of the same length. The table() function generates frequency tables from factors.
This document provides information about data structures and algorithms. It begins by defining data structures and storage structures, and notes that a data structure is a logical model of data organization while a storage structure represents a data structure in computer memory. It then classifies data structures as linear or non-linear, and notes that linear data structures form a sequence. The document discusses representation of data structures in memory using arrays or linked lists, and common operations on linear structures like traversal, search, insertion and deletion. It provides detailed explanations of arrays and pointers.
The document describes the order of presentation for a group project. Etukudo Andy will introduce the project and order of presentation. Adewumi Ezekiel will present on the numerical data project and contribution. Fajuko Micheal will run the program and discuss contribution. Finally, Afia Kennedy will provide the conclusion and link the project to previous lectures, discussing contribution.
Data types are classifications that define the type of data a variable can hold in programming languages. The most common data types are Boolean, integer, floating-point number, character, and alphanumeric string. Boolean data consists of true or false values and is used in search engines and conditional statements. Integers are whole numbers, while floating-point numbers allow decimals. Characters represent single symbols, and alphanumeric strings contain letters and numbers. Understanding data types is essential for programmers to ensure correct application functions and avoid errors.
The document defines various data types in C including basic, user-defined, and derived types. It describes the common basic types like integer, character, and floating point, specifying their sizes and value ranges. User-defined types include type definitions, enumerated types, structures, and unions. Structures and unions allow grouping multiple variables of different types under a single name. The document also briefly mentions derived types such as arrays, functions, pointers, and references.
This document provides an overview of data types in Java, including primitive and reference data types. It discusses the eight primitive data types (byte, short, int, long, float, double, boolean, char), their purpose, ranges of values, default values, and examples. Reference data types refer to objects created from classes. The document also covers literals, which directly represent fixed values in source code, and escape sequences for string and char literals.
Programs transform input data into output data using programming languages that support different data types and operations on those types. A data type specifies a set of values and operations on those values and is used to declare variables, return values, and function parameters. Identifiers refer to data types, variables, and functions and have specific naming rules. Common built-in data types include integers, characters, floating points, pointers, arrays, strings, and structures.
An array is a collection of similar data types stored in contiguous memory locations that can be accessed using an index. Arrays allow storing multiple values in a single variable and accessing elements using simple syntax. The main types of arrays are single-dimensional and multi-dimensional arrays. Single-dimensional arrays store elements in a linear fashion while multi-dimensional arrays can represent tables or matrices by storing elements in rows and columns. Common operations on arrays include traversing elements, inserting, deleting, searching, and updating elements.
Arrays allow storing and accessing a collection of related data elements. An array contains elements of the same data type and stores them in consecutive memory locations. Each element has an index that identifies its position. Arrays provide advantages like code optimization and ease of traversal but have a fixed size set at declaration. Common array types include single-dimensional, two-dimensional, and multi-dimensional arrays. Elements are accessed using their index in square brackets after the array name.
This document discusses different data types in C/C++ including character, integer, and real (float) data types. It explains that character data can be signed or unsigned and occupies 1 byte, integer data represents whole numbers using the int type, and float data represents decimal numbers. The document also covers numeric and non-numeric constants in C/C++ such as integer, octal, hexadecimal, floating point, character, and string constants.
The objective of the Level 5 Diploma in Information Technology is to provide learners with an excellent foundation for a career in a range of organisations. It designed to ensure that each learner is ‘business ready’: a confident, independent thinker with a detailed knowledge of Information Technology, and equipped with the skills to adapt rapidly to change.
Arrays allow the storage of multiple values of the same type in memory locations next to each other. Arrays must be declared with a size and can then be accessed using indexes. Common array operations include traversal, insertion, deletion, searching and sorting. Two-dimensional arrays, also called matrices, store arrays of data in rows and columns. Strings in C are arrays of characters that end with a null terminator. Structures allow the grouping of different data types under one name. Enumerated types define a list of named integer constants.
Pointers provide a way to access and manipulate variables indirectly through memory addresses. A pointer variable stores the address of another variable. Pointers allow dynamic memory allocation and more efficient data manipulation. They are useful for implementing data structures like linked lists and arrays. Pointers can be declared, initialized, and dereferenced using operators like asterisk (*) and ampersand (&). Arithmetic operations on pointers modify the address they point to rather than the underlying value.
The document discusses various C data types including primary, derived, and user defined data types. It describes integer, floating point, character, array, structure, and enum data types. Integer types store whole numbers, floating point types store decimal numbers, and character types store single characters. Arrays allow storing multiple values of the same type, structures group different data types together, and enums define a new data type with named integer constants. Multidimensional arrays and accessing structure members are also explained with code examples.
This document assigns a group project on data types in C++ to seven students. It discusses the three main data types in C++ - character, integer, and float. Character data can store single characters, integer data stores whole numbers, and float data stores numeric values with decimals. It also covers variable declaration and initialization in C++, noting that variables must be declared before use and can be initialized with a value upon declaration. The document assigns different aspects of the data types topic to the seven students listed at the top for further explanation in the project.
An enumerated data type (enum) allows a variable to be assigned one of a list of predefined constant values. An enum defines a new data type with a set of named constants, which can then be used to declare enum variables that may be assigned one of the defined constant values. This helps simplify programs, enhance readability, and catch errors at compile time by restricting variables to a set of predefined values.
This is an intermediate conversion course for C++, suitable for second year computing students who may have learned Java or another language in first year.
The document discusses various data types in C++ including built-in, user-defined, and derived types. Structures and unions allow grouping of dissimilar element types. Classes define custom data types that can then be used to create objects. Enumerated types attach numeric values to named constants. Arrays define a collection of elements of the same type in sequence. Functions contain blocks of code to perform tasks. Pointers store memory addresses.
This document discusses R data types. It explains that in R, variables are assigned objects that determine the data type. The main data types covered are scalars, vectors, matrices, factors, data frames, and lists. Vectors store one-dimensional arrays, matrices are two-dimensional arrays of the same type, factors represent categorical variables, data frames contain different data types, and lists store ordered collections of varied objects. Examples are provided for creating each type of data structure in R.
The document discusses various C++ data types including built-in, derived, and user-defined data types. It describes the different built-in data types like int, char, float, double, void and their properties. It also discusses derived data types like arrays, functions, pointers, references, and constant. The document further explains user-defined data types like structures, unions and classes/objects in C++.
The document compares and contrasts arrays and linked lists. It states that arrays provide fast random access but fixed size, while linked lists have flexible size but slower sequential access. It also discusses different types of linked lists and their memory usage.
R supports various data types including numbers, strings, factors, data frames, and tables. Numbers and strings can be assigned to variables using <- or =. Factors represent discrete groupings. Lists are ordered collections of objects that can contain different data types. Data frames are lists that behave like tables, with each component being a vector of the same length. The table() function generates frequency tables from factors.
This document provides information about data structures and algorithms. It begins by defining data structures and storage structures, and notes that a data structure is a logical model of data organization while a storage structure represents a data structure in computer memory. It then classifies data structures as linear or non-linear, and notes that linear data structures form a sequence. The document discusses representation of data structures in memory using arrays or linked lists, and common operations on linear structures like traversal, search, insertion and deletion. It provides detailed explanations of arrays and pointers.
The document describes the order of presentation for a group project. Etukudo Andy will introduce the project and order of presentation. Adewumi Ezekiel will present on the numerical data project and contribution. Fajuko Micheal will run the program and discuss contribution. Finally, Afia Kennedy will provide the conclusion and link the project to previous lectures, discussing contribution.
Data types are classifications that define the type of data a variable can hold in programming languages. The most common data types are Boolean, integer, floating-point number, character, and alphanumeric string. Boolean data consists of true or false values and is used in search engines and conditional statements. Integers are whole numbers, while floating-point numbers allow decimals. Characters represent single symbols, and alphanumeric strings contain letters and numbers. Understanding data types is essential for programmers to ensure correct application functions and avoid errors.
The document defines various data types in C including basic, user-defined, and derived types. It describes the common basic types like integer, character, and floating point, specifying their sizes and value ranges. User-defined types include type definitions, enumerated types, structures, and unions. Structures and unions allow grouping multiple variables of different types under a single name. The document also briefly mentions derived types such as arrays, functions, pointers, and references.
This document provides an overview of data types in Java, including primitive and reference data types. It discusses the eight primitive data types (byte, short, int, long, float, double, boolean, char), their purpose, ranges of values, default values, and examples. Reference data types refer to objects created from classes. The document also covers literals, which directly represent fixed values in source code, and escape sequences for string and char literals.
Programs transform input data into output data using programming languages that support different data types and operations on those types. A data type specifies a set of values and operations on those values and is used to declare variables, return values, and function parameters. Identifiers refer to data types, variables, and functions and have specific naming rules. Common built-in data types include integers, characters, floating points, pointers, arrays, strings, and structures.
An array is a collection of similar data types stored in contiguous memory locations that can be accessed using an index. Arrays allow storing multiple values in a single variable and accessing elements using simple syntax. The main types of arrays are single-dimensional and multi-dimensional arrays. Single-dimensional arrays store elements in a linear fashion while multi-dimensional arrays can represent tables or matrices by storing elements in rows and columns. Common operations on arrays include traversing elements, inserting, deleting, searching, and updating elements.
Arrays allow storing and accessing a collection of related data elements. An array contains elements of the same data type and stores them in consecutive memory locations. Each element has an index that identifies its position. Arrays provide advantages like code optimization and ease of traversal but have a fixed size set at declaration. Common array types include single-dimensional, two-dimensional, and multi-dimensional arrays. Elements are accessed using their index in square brackets after the array name.
Arrays allow storing and accessing a collection of related data elements. An array contains elements of the same data type and stores them in consecutive memory locations. Each element has an index that identifies its position. Arrays provide advantages like code optimization and ease of traversal but have a fixed size set at declaration. Common array types include single-dimensional, two-dimensional, and multi-dimensional arrays. Elements are accessed using their index in square brackets after the array name.
Arrays allow storing and accessing a collection of related data elements. An array contains elements of the same data type and stores them in consecutive memory locations. Arrays have properties like fixed size, contiguous memory allocation, and random element access via indexes. Arrays are useful for code optimization and ease of traversal but have a fixed size limitation. Common array types include single-dimensional, two-dimensional, and multi-dimensional arrays. Elements can be accessed and traversed using indexes in for loops.
The document discusses arrays in C programming. It covers one-dimensional, two-dimensional, and multi-dimensional arrays. It explains how to declare, initialize, and access array elements. It also discusses memory representation of two-dimensional arrays in row-major and column-major order. Additionally, it provides examples of calculating addresses of array elements and passing arrays to functions. Common applications of arrays and their advantages and disadvantages are summarized.
1. Arrays allow storing a collection of related data items and can be one-dimensional or multidimensional.
2. Two-dimensional arrays are arrays of one-dimensional arrays with two indices to access elements.
3. Preprocessor directives like #include and #define are instructions to the compiler and are not part of the C language itself. They expand the scope of the programming environment.
An array is a collection of the same type of data elements that do not change during program execution. Arrays contain a fixed number of elements that each have an index to identify their location. Elements are the individual items stored in the array, while the index is the numerical identifier of each element's position. Arrays can be declared in different languages with a name, type, size, and elements.
This document discusses arrays in C programming. It defines one-dimensional and two-dimensional arrays. One-dimensional arrays store elements in a list using one subscript, while two-dimensional arrays store elements in a row-column format using two subscripts. The document lists the advantages of arrays as allowing storage of known number of elements in contiguous memory locations, and the disadvantages as fixed size and inability to resize. It also discusses initializing array elements, accessing array elements using indexes, and traversing arrays by accessing each element once.
This document provides an overview of arrays and strings in C programming. It discusses single and multidimensional arrays, including array declaration and initialization. It also covers string handling functions. Additionally, the document defines structures and unions, and discusses nested structures and arrays of structures. The majority of the document focuses on concepts related to single dimensional arrays, including array representation, accessing array elements, and common array operations like insertion, deletion, searching, and sorting. Example C programs are provided to demonstrate various array concepts.
The document discusses arrays and functions in C programming. It defines an array as a collection of variables of the same data type that are stored in contiguous memory locations. There are two types of arrays in C: one-dimensional arrays and multi-dimensional arrays. A one-dimensional array stores elements in a single list, while a two-dimensional array can be thought of as a table with rows and columns. The document provides examples of declaring, initializing, and accessing one-dimensional and two-dimensional arrays in C code.
Array
Introduction
One-dimensional array
Multidimensional array
Advantage of Array
Write a C program using arrays that produces the multiplication of two matrices.
This document provides information about one-dimensional arrays in C programming. It defines an array as a fixed-size collection of elements of the same data type. A one-dimensional array, also called a vector, uses one subscript to represent a list of data items. The document outlines how to declare and initialize a one-dimensional array in C, including specifying the data type, array name, and size in the declaration, and providing an initializer list of values in curly braces for initialization. Examples of declaring and initializing integer, character, and float arrays are provided.
Here is a C program that multiplies two matrices using 2D arrays:
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int a[2][2], b[2][2], product[2][2], i, j, k;
printf("Enter elements of first matrix:\n");
for(i=0; i<2; i++)
for(j=0; j<2; j++)
scanf("%d", &a[i][j]);
printf("Enter elements of second matrix:\n");
for(i=0; i<2; i++)
for(j=0; j<2; j++)
scanf("%d", &
The document discusses arrays in C++. It begins by defining an array as a collection of homogeneous elements stored in consecutive memory locations indexed by integers. One-dimensional arrays store elements indexed by a single subscript, while multi-dimensional arrays allow multiple subscripts. Two-dimensional arrays represent matrices, and three-dimensional arrays extend this to three indices. Arrays offer advantages like representing multiple items of the same type using a single name and being used to implement other data structures.
The document discusses arrays in C++. It begins by defining an array as a collection of homogeneous elements stored in consecutive memory locations indexed by integers. It then discusses array declaration syntax and different types of arrays including one-dimensional, two-dimensional, and three-dimensional arrays. Advantages of arrays are that they allow representing multiple data items of the same type using a single name and can be used to implement other data structures like linked lists and stacks.
- Arrays revisited
- Value and Reference Semantics of Elements
- A Way to categorize Collections
- Indexed Collections
-- Lists
-- Basic Features and Examples
-- Size and Capacity
This is a presentation on Arrays, one of the most important topics on Data Structures and algorithms. Anyone who is new to DSA or wants to have a theoretical understanding of the same can refer to it :D
Arrays & Strings can be summarized as follows:
1. Arrays are fixed-size collections of elements of the same data type that are used to store lists of related data. They can be one-dimensional, two-dimensional, or multi-dimensional.
2. Strings in C are arrays of characters terminated by a null character. They are commonly used to store text data. Common string operations include reading, writing, combining, copying, comparing, and extracting portions of strings.
3. Arrays are declared with a data type, name, and size. They can be initialized with a block of comma-separated values. Individual elements are accessed using indexes in square brackets. Two-dimensional arrays represent tables
An array is a group of consecutive memory locations that share the same name and data type. It allows storing multiple values of the same type together. Arrays can store large numbers of values with a single name and process many values easily and quickly. There are one-dimensional, two-dimensional, and multi-dimensional arrays. One-dimensional arrays store elements in a linear list, two-dimensional arrays arrange elements in a table with rows and columns, and multi-dimensional arrays extend this concept to three or more dimensions.
INTRODUCTION
3NF and BCNF
Decomposition requirements
Lossless join decomposition
Dependency preserving decomposition
Disk pack features
Records and Files
Ordered and Unordered files
2NF,NF,3NF,BCNF
INTRODUCTION
Relational Query Languages
Formal Query Languages
Introduction to relational algebra
Set Operators Join operator
Aggregate functions, Grouping
Relational Calculus concepts
Introduction to Structured Query Language (SQL)
Features of SQL, DDL Statements
This document provides an introduction to database design and applications (DBDA). It discusses the differences between file systems and database management systems (DBMS)/relational database management systems (RDBMS). It also covers the three schema architecture of a DBMS, including the conceptual, internal, and external schemas. Additionally, it discusses data independence and the advantages of using a DBMS compared to a file system. The document provides a brief history of DBMS and describes some popular DBMS software. It also outlines the characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages of using a DBMS.
This document discusses algorithms and flowcharts. It defines an algorithm as a logical step-by-step method for solving a problem and a flowchart as a graphical representation of an algorithm using standard symbols. Several examples of flowcharts are provided, including ones to find the largest of two or three numbers, check if a number is prime, and generate a Fibonacci series. The document also lists some common flowchart symbols and provides exercises for students to create flowcharts to solve various problems.
1.History of C Language, Structure of a C program, Statements, Basic Data Types, Variables &Constants, Input & Output statements, Operators and Precedence, Expressions, Simple C programs.
Memory Hierarchy
RAM
Memory Chip Organization
ROM
Flash Memory
Types of Programming Languages
Compiler vs Interpreter vs Assembler
Types of programming languages
Compiler vs interpreter vs assembler
high level language vs assembly level language vs low level language
1.1Explain types of Input Devices (Keyboard, Mouse, Pen, and Touch Screen Scanners, Output Devices (Monitor, printer, Speakers, Projectors) and of Storage Devices (Hard Disks, CD-ROMS, DVD-ROMS, USB Storage)[D] Operate computer and its peripherals
1.2 Booting the computer. Common start-up errors and their remedies.
Connecting peripherals – keyboard, mouse, monitor, power cables,
UPS to the computer and checking all connections. Demonstrate procedure for the installation of setting up a new computer along with other peripherals (keyboard, scanner, printer)[M]
1.3Demonstrate Keyboard layout and functions of different keys.[M]
1.4Demonstrate Proper shut down of PC, and explain precautions to avoid an improper shut down.[M]
1.5Identifying the different hardware parts in the PC.[M]
1.6Determining the configuration of the PC.[M]
1.7 Explain types of Central Processing Unit (Processors, RAM, ROM)[M]
1.8 Demonstrate procedure for installation /
replacement / maintenance procedures for hard disk and other peripherals.[D]
Introduction
Plotting basic 2-D plots.
The plot command
The fplot command
Plotting multiple graphs in the same plot
Formatting plots
USING THE plot() COMMAND TO PLOT
MULTIPLE GRAPHS IN THE SAME PLOT
MATLAB PROGRAM TO PLOT VI CHARACTERISTICS OF A DIODE
SUMMARY
Arrays
Array Creation , Accessing Elements
Sub Arrays, Representation, Operations
Maximum and Minimum values in Matrix
Potential Energy-Spring Problem
SUMMARY
An introduction to AI,ML,DL
Working of AI System
Scope of AI ,Cyber Security and BCT in Marine
Marine Education Scope of AI and BCT
Changes Required in Curriculum
Cyber security in Marine field
Parametric Analysis
Skill Set Requirement
This document discusses loops in MATLAB. It begins with an introduction to loops, explaining that they are used to repeatedly execute a block of code until a condition is met. It then covers the basic structure of loops and the different types of loops in MATLAB - for loops, while loops, and nested loops. The document provides syntax examples for for and while loops. It also compares while and for loops. Finally, it poses several programming exercises involving loops, such as calculating the Fibonacci series, checking if a number is palindrome, perfect, prime, etc.
This document provides an overview of Hadoop and Big Data concepts. It introduces Hadoop and its architecture, describing its scalability, cost effectiveness, and resilience. Key Hadoop components are explained, including the NameNode, DataNodes, and Resource Manager. HDFS operations like read and write are also summarized. The document concludes with a thank you.
MS word complete tutorials,Topics to be covered :
1. Create and save documentation.
2. Open, find, and rename files and folders.
3. Use “Formatting Toolbar”.
4. Use spelling and grammar checks in the document.
5. Use “Headers and Footers”.
6. Insert symbols and pictures.
7. Create tables in MS-Word.
8. Use formulas in MS –WORD Mail merge, Embedding Excel to WORD. Applications : To create a professional grade document.
Guidelines for ER to Relational Mapping.
Mapping rules/ guidelines for mapping various ER constructs to Relational model with appropriate examples
Relational Query Languages Formal Query Languages
Introduction to Relational Algebra
Relational operators
Set operators
Join operators
Aggregate functions.
Grouping operator
Relational Calculus concepts
Relational algebra queries for data retrieval with sample relational schemas. relational algebra operations.
Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapte...University of Maribor
Slides from talk presenting:
Aleš Zamuda: Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapter and Networking.
Presentation at IcETRAN 2024 session:
"Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS
Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation"
IEEE Slovenia GRSS
IEEE Serbia and Montenegro MTT-S
IEEE Slovenia CIS
11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL, ELECTRONIC AND COMPUTING ENGINEERING
3-6 June 2024, Niš, Serbia
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
We have compiled the most important slides from each speaker's presentation. This year’s compilation, available for free, captures the key insights and contributions shared during the DfMAy 2024 conference.
A review on techniques and modelling methodologies used for checking electrom...nooriasukmaningtyas
The proper function of the integrated circuit (IC) in an inhibiting electromagnetic environment has always been a serious concern throughout the decades of revolution in the world of electronics, from disjunct devices to today’s integrated circuit technology, where billions of transistors are combined on a single chip. The automotive industry and smart vehicles in particular, are confronting design issues such as being prone to electromagnetic interference (EMI). Electronic control devices calculate incorrect outputs because of EMI and sensors give misleading values which can prove fatal in case of automotives. In this paper, the authors have non exhaustively tried to review research work concerned with the investigation of EMI in ICs and prediction of this EMI using various modelling methodologies and measurement setups.
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)ClaraZara1
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of on Machine Learning & Applications.
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELgerogepatton
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
3. Introduction
1. An array is a collection of data items, all
of the same type, accessed using a
common name.
2. A one-dimensional array is like a list
3. A two dimensional array is like a table The
C language places no limits on the number
of dimensions in an array, though specific
implementations may.
4. Need of an Array
1. Faster and can be utilized anywhere.
2. Store data of similar data types together
and can be used anywhere in the code.
3. All the elements of an arrays are stored in
the homogeneous memory location
8. Input Array Elements
1D Array:
int mark[5] = {19, 10, 8, 17, 9};
int mark[] = {19, 10, 8, 17, 9};
scanf("%d", &mark[2]);
So for entering 1000 variables shall we use 1000 scanf()
statement …….
9. Input Array Elements
void main()
{
int values[5],i;
printf("Enter 5 integers: ");
// taking input and storing it in an array
for( i = 0; i < 5; ++i)
{
scanf("%d", &values[i]);
}
printf("Displaying integers: ");
// printing elements of an array
for( i = 0; i < 5; ++i)
{
printf("%dn", values[i]);
}
}