The document discusses arrays and strings in C programming. It defines arrays as groups of data items of the same type that share a common name. One-dimensional arrays are declared with a datatype and size, and can be initialized. Multi-dimensional arrays have multiple subscripts. Strings are arrays of characters that are null-terminated. Strings can be initialized and manipulated using functions like strcpy(), strlen(), strcmp(). Examples are provided to demonstrate array and string declarations, initialization, manipulation and differences between the two data structures.

1. Dr. S. & S.S. Gandhy Government College of
Engineering and Technology
SEM:- 1ST
SUBJECT:- COMPUTER PROGRAMMING AND UTILIZATION
TOPIC:- ARRAY AND STRING
STUDENT’S NAME:-
PRATIK B. PATEL
PRASHANT A. CHELANI
VIJAY D. VADHER
NIKHIL R. PATIL

2. ARRAY :-
 NEED OF ARRAY
 ARRAY CONCEPT
 DECLARATION OF ONE-
DIMENTIONAL ARRAY
 INITIALIZATION OF ONE-
DIMENTIONAL ARRAY
 MULTYDIMENSIONAL ARRAY

3. NEED OF ARRAY:
 It is very difficult to write a
program in ‘C’ which consisting
large data items like addition of
50 integers, marks of student in
University, etc.
 ‘C’ program provides a solution
called ‘ARRAY’.
 By using array, it is easy to
include large numbers of data
items.

4. ARRAY CONCEPT:-
 An array is a group of data items of
the same data type that share a
common name.
 An array should be of same datatype
and consists of integers or strings and
so on.
 An array is linear and homogeneous.
 An array stores the data elements in
sequential order.
 Homogeneous means all data items
are of same datatype.

5.  Elements of array are specifying a
subscript.
 A subscript is also called index.
 Subscipt is start from 0 and cannot
negative.
 There are two types of array.
 1). One-dimentional arrays(also called
vectors)
 2). Multi-dimentional arrays(also called
Matrix)

6. DECLARATION OF ONE-
DIMENTIONAL ARRAY:-
 Syntex: datatype arrayname[size]
 Where,
 datatype:- The type of the data stored in the
array
 Arrayname:- Name of the array
 Size:- Maximum number of elements an array
can hold
 Example:- int marks[10]
Mark[0] Mark[1] ………….. ………..... Mark[9]

7. INITIALIZATIONOF ONE-DIMENTIONAL
ARRAY
 Int mark[6]={3,7,8,4,5,6}
 Is also equel to
 Int mark[]={3,7,8,4,5,6}
 It will occupy in memory like,
 a[0] a[1] a[2] a[3] a[4] a[5]
 Char a[8]={‘L’,’E’,’A’,’R’,’N’,’’,’C’}

 a[0] a[1] a[2] a[3] a[4] a[5] a[6] a[7]
 When compiler sees a character array, it add a null
character.So, while declaring a character array, we
must allow one extra element space for null character.
3 7 8 4 5 6
‘L’ ‘E’ ‘A’ ‘R’ ‘N’ ‘’ ‘C’ ‘0’

8. MULTYDIMENSIONAL ARRAY
 If an array have more than one dimension, is called
multi-dimensional array.
 Two dimensional array have two subscript, three
dimensional array have three subscript.
 Declaration of two dimensional array:-
 Int a[2][3]
 It consist of two rows and three colomns.
 a[0][0] a[0][1] a[0][2] a[1][0] a[1][1] a[1][2]
1 2 3 4 5 6

9. PROGRAMOF SIMPLE ARRAY
SOURCE CODE OUTPUT

10. Program to reverse a array
SOURCE CODE OUTPUT

11. Strings
 INTRODUCTION
 INITIALIZING STRING VARIABLES
 READING AND DISPLAYING STRINGS
 STRING HANDLING FUNCTIONS
 PROGRAMS OF STRING

12. INTRODUCTION :-
 Strings are array of characters i.e. they are
characters arranged one after another in
memory. Thus, a character array is called
string.
 Each character within the string is stored
within one element of the array
successively.
 A string is always terminated by a null
character (i.e. slash zero 0).

13.  A string variable is declared as an
array of characters.
 Syntax:
char string_name[size];
 E.g. char name[20];
 When the compiler assigns a character
string to a character array, it
automatically supplies a null character
(‘0’) at the end of the string

14. Initializing String
Variables
 Strings are initialized in either of the following two forms:
char name[4]={‘R’,‘A’,‘M’, ‘0’};
char name[]={‘R’,‘A’,‘M’, ‘0’};
OR
char name[4]=“RAM”;
char name[]=“RAM”;
 When we initialize a character array by listing its
elements, the null terminator or the size of the array must
be provided explicitly.
R A M 0
name[0] name[1] name[2] name[3]

15. Reading and displaying Strings
 It can be done manually.
 Using printf() and scanf().
 Using gets() and puts().

16. Using printf() and scanf()
SOURCE CODE OUTPUT

17. Using gets() and puts()
SOURCE CODE OUTPUT

18. String handling functions
strcpy ( ) Copies str2 into str1
strlen ( ) Gives the length of str1
strcmp ( ) Returns 0 if str1 is same as
str2. Returns <0 if strl <
str2. Returns >0 if str1 > str2
strcmpi ( ) Same as strcmp() function. But,
this function negotiates case. “A”
and “a” are treated as same.
strdup ( ) Duplicates the string
strlwr ( ) Converts string to lowercase
strupr ( ) Converts string to uppercase
strrev ( ) Reverses the given string

19. Program to find string length using
function
SOURCE CODE OUTPUT

20. Program to Reverse string using function
SOURCE CODE OUTPUT

21. DIFFERECE BETWEEN ARRAY AND
STRING
ARRAY STRING
An array can hold any data type. String can hold only char data
An array size can not be A string size can be changed if it
is a char pointer
The last element of an array is an
element of the specific type.
The last character of a string is a
null – ‘0’ character.
The length of an array is to
specified in [] at the time of
declaration (except char[]).
The length of the string is the
number of characters + one (null
character).