Structure in c
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Structures allow grouping of heterogeneous data types into a single unit called a structure. Structures can contain integer, float, double, character data and arrays. Structures are accessed using the dot operator. Unions share the same memory location for different data types and can hold data of only one member at a time. Enumerated data types define user-defined data types using the enum keyword where symbolic constants take on integer values starting from zero.
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struct Person
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int id;
char name[5];
}P1;
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P1.name = “vasu”;](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)
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Structure in C
1) The document discusses structures in C programming. A structure is a collection of variables of different data types grouped together under a single name.
2) Structures are defined using the struct keyword followed by the structure name and members. Multiple variables of a structure type can be declared. Members are accessed using the dot operator.
3) Pointers to structures can be declared like pointers to other variables. Structure members can also be accessed using pointers. Arrays of structures allow storing multiple structures in an array. Structures can be nested by defining a structure inside another structure.
Structure in c
Structures in C allow grouping of different data types under a single name for convenient handling. A structure is declared using the typedef statement, specifying the structure name and members. Structures can be nested by including one structure as a member of another. Arrays of structures and pointers to structures can also be declared. Structures are commonly used with functions to organize related data.
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A structure is a collection of variables of different data types grouped together under a single name. A structure declaration defines the format of the structure, while a structure variable allocates memory for it. Structures allow grouping of related data and can be used within other structures or as elements of an array. Pointers to structures can be used to access member variables using the -> operator. Structures can be passed as arguments to functions to organize related data.
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1) C structures allow the grouping of related data items and treat the structure as a single scalar unit that can be passed to functions or assigned to variables.
2) Structures can contain other structures as members through pointers, allowing recursive definitions. However, one structure must be declared in incomplete form before the other refers to it.
3) Unions allow different types of data to occupy the same memory location, with the type indicated through an accompanying enum variable. The size of a union is that of its largest member.
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Structures allow the grouping of different data types under a single name for easier handling. A structure is declared using the struct keyword followed by the structure name and members inside curly braces. Structure members can be of similar or different data types. Structure variables are then declared using the structure name. This allows storing multiple related data under one variable name. Arrays differ in that they contain elements of the same data type, while structures can mix data types.
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This document provides an overview of C++ data types. It discusses fundamental data types like integer, character, float, and double. It also covers type modifiers, derived data types like arrays and functions, and other concepts like pointers, references, constants, classes, structures, unions, and enumerations. The document aims to explain the different data types and how they are used in C++.
Data Types | CS8251- Programming in c | Learn Hub
in this ppt
i will give some data types
classification of data types
1.primary datatype
2.user defined datatype
3.Derived datatype
4.void(null)
17 structure-and-union
The document discusses data structures in C including arrays, structures, unions, and enums. It explains that structures allow storing different data types together under one name, unlike arrays which only store one data type. Memory is allocated for entire structures continuously. Unions store different data types in the same memory location. Enums define enumerated constant values that behave like integers. The document provides examples of defining and using these data structures.
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Preprocessor in C
The C preprocessor performs preprocessing tasks like file inclusion, macro definition, and conditional compilation before actual compilation. It has six phases including edit, preprocess, compile, link, load, and execute. Preprocessor directives begin with # and are used to include other files, define symbolic constants and macros, and conditionally compile code and other preprocessor directives. The #define directive defines symbolic constants by replacing an identifier with text. Conditional compilation with #if controls whether code or other preprocessor directives are executed or compiled.
Memory allocation in c
The document discusses dynamic memory allocation in C. It describes the four main functions for dynamic allocation - malloc(), calloc(), free(), and realloc(). malloc() allocates a block of memory of a specified size and returns a pointer. calloc() allocates multiple blocks of memory and initializes them to zero. free() releases previously allocated memory. realloc() changes the size of previously allocated memory. The document provides examples of using each function.
File in c
Files allow data to be permanently stored and accessed by programs. Basic file operations include opening, reading, writing, and closing files. To open a file, its name and access mode are passed to the fopen function, which returns a file pointer used for subsequent read/write operations. Characters can be read from and written to files using functions like getc and putc. Command line arguments passed when a program launches are accessible through the argc and argv parameters of the main function.
Pointers in C
1. The document discusses pointers in C including declaring and initializing pointer variables, pointer operators like & and *, calling functions by reference using pointers, pointer arithmetic, and the relationship between pointers and arrays.
2. Key topics covered include using pointers to simulate call-by-reference, dereferencing pointers with *, taking addresses of variables with &, and implementing a bubble sort using pointers passed as arguments.
3. Pointer arithmetic allows incrementing, decrementing, adding/subtracting integers to pointers, and comparing pointers.
Unions in c
Union allows different data types to share the same memory location, but can hold the value of only one member at a time. The total memory allocated is equal to the size of the largest member. An example shows a union with members percent and grade, where assigning a float to percent and then character to grade both use the same memory location but overwrite each other. Enumerated data types define symbolic constants for integer values starting from zero, such as an enum defining colors red, yellow and green as constants 0, 1 and 2 respectively.
Array & string
Arrays are collections of homogeneous data that can be accessed by index position. Arrays allow storing of multiple similar data types together, start indexing at 0, and can have more than one dimension. Common string functions include strlen to find string length, strrev to reverse a string, strcat to concatenate strings, strcpy to copy strings, and strcmp and strcmpi to compare strings with and without case sensitivity.
Recursive For S-Teacher
This document discusses functions in C including syntax, declaration, definition, calling functions, actual and formal parameters, call by value, call by reference, and the difference between call by value and call by reference. It explains that functions allow breaking programs into smaller, reusable pieces of code. Parameters passed by value are copied so changes within the function don't affect the original variable, while parameters passed by reference use the address of the original variable so any changes made within the function also change the variable outside the function.
User defined Functions in C
This document discusses functions in C including syntax, declaration, definition, calling functions, actual and formal parameters, call by value, call by reference, and the difference between call by value and call by reference. It explains that functions allow breaking programs into smaller, reusable pieces of code. Parameters passed by value are copied so changes within the function don't affect the original variable, while parameters passed by reference use the address of the original variable so any changes made within the function also change the variable outside the function.
Pre defined Functions in C
This document discusses functions in C including syntax, declaration, definition, calling functions, actual and formal parameters, call by value, call by reference, and the difference between call by value and call by reference. It explains that functions allow breaking programs into smaller, reusable pieces of code. Parameters passed by value are copied so changes within the function don't affect the original variable, while parameters passed by reference use the address of the original variable so any changes made within the function also change the variable outside the function.
Looping in C
The document discusses different types of loops in programming - for loops, while loops, and do-while loops. For loops use an initialization, condition, and increment statement to iterate through a code block a set number of times. While loops continuously execute a code block as long as a condition remains true. Do-while loops are similar to while loops but execute the code block at least once even if the condition is false. Examples are provided to demonstrate each type of loop printing out numbers from 10 to 1.
Branching in C
The document discusses different types of control constructs in programming. There are two main types: decision making statements and looping statements. Decision making statements include if, if-else, and nested if-else statements which allow for conditional execution of code. Looping statements like for, while, and do-while loops allow code to repeat execution for a set number of iterations or as long as a condition remains true. Examples are provided for each type of control construct.
Types of operators in C
The document discusses various C operators including:
1) Arithmetic operators for addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and modulus
2) Relational operators for comparisons like less than, greater than, equal to
3) Logical operators for AND, OR, and NOT operations
4) Assignment, increment, decrement, conditional, bitwise, and special operators and their uses. Examples are provided to demonstrate how each operator works.
Operators in C
The document discusses different types of operators in C programming including arithmetic, relational, logical, bitwise, assignment, compound assignment, shift, increment, and decrement operators. Examples are provided to demonstrate the use of arithmetic, relational, and logical operators. The increment and decrement operators ++ and -- are also explained, distinguishing between pre-increment/decrement and post-increment/decrement.
Statements in C
This document discusses input and output in C programming. It explains that scanf("%d",&a) is used to input an integer value from the user and store it in the variable a. It also notes that printf("%d",a) prints the value of variable a to the screen.
Data types in C
There are three categories of data types: primitive, derived, and user defined. Primitive types include basic types like int, float, and char. Derived types include arrays, which can contain collections of other data types. User defined types are structures and enums.
Constants in C
Identifiers are user-defined names for variables, functions, and arrays that are commonly in lower case. Constants have fixed values that don't change during program execution and include numeric and character constants. Character constants use escape sequences, which are special character combinations like '\n' for newline, that each represent a single character. There are 12 common escape sequences including '\b' for backspace, '\f' for form feed, and '\t' for tab.
Variables_c
Variables are data that can change. They are declared with a data type like int followed by the variable name, and defined by assigning a value with the = operator. Variable names must start with a letter or underscore, can include letters, numbers and underscores, and cannot contain special characters or spaces. Variable names are case sensitive.
Tokens_C
The document discusses the evolution of programming languages from machine languages to higher-level languages. It begins with an overview of the three main categories: machine languages, assembly languages, and higher-level languages. It then provides more details on each category, explaining that machine languages use binary, assembly languages use cryptic phrases, and higher-level languages use more English-like syntax. It specifically discusses third-generation languages as the first to use true English phrases.
Computer basics
Here are the key hardware components of a computer:
- Central processing unit (CPU) - The brain of the computer that processes data
- Memory - Temporarily stores data and instructions for processing
- Storage devices - Permanently store data like hard drives, CDs, DVDs
- Input devices - Allow data/instructions to enter like keyboards, mice, scanners
- Output devices - Allow information to be presented like monitors, printers
UNDERSTANDING COMPUTERS
7
The CPU, memory, and storage devices work together to process and store data. Input
devices allow data entry, and output devices display processed information. Software
provides the instructions that tell the hardware how to function and what tasks
Computer fundamentals
This document provides an introduction to understanding computers for records and archives staff. It aims to familiarize readers with basic computer concepts. The document contains 4 lessons: 1) an introduction to computer technology covering hardware, software, and data; 2) computing environments; 3) computer applications; and 4) where to go for more information. The introduction outlines the module's aims of introducing key computer concepts and improving understanding of computerized records systems.
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Structure in c
- 1. Structure Structures are user defined data types It is a collection of heterogeneous data It can have integer, float, double or character data in it We can also have array of structures struct <<structname>> { members; }element; We can access element.members;
- 2. Example struct Person { int id; char name[5]; }P1; P1.id = 1; P1.name = “vasu”;
- 3. typedef statement User Defined Data Types The C language provides a facility called typedef for creating synonyms for previously defined data type names. For example, the declaration: typedef int Length; makes the name Length a synonym (or alias) for the data type int.
- 4. typedef(contd.) The data “type” name Length can now be used in declarations in exactly the same way that the data type int can be used: Length a, b, len ; Length numbers[10] ;
- 5. UNION
- 6. UNION Union has members of different data types, but can hold data of only one member at a time. The different members share the same memory location. The total memory allocated to the union is equal to the maximum size of the member.
- 8. ENUM
- 10. Enumerated(contd.) As an example, the statement: enum colors { red, yellow, green } ; creates three constants. red is assigned the value 0, yellow is assigned 1 and green is assigned 2.