An array is a collection of data that holds a fixed number of values of the same type. Arrays allow storing multiple values in a single variable through indices. There are one-dimensional, two-dimensional, and multi-dimensional arrays. One-dimensional arrays use a single subscript, two-dimensional arrays use two subscripts like rows and columns, and multi-dimensional arrays can have more than two subscripts. Arrays can be initialized during declaration with values or initialized at runtime by user input or other methods. Elements are accessed using their indices and operations can be performed on the elements.
Array
Introduction
One-dimensional array
Multidimensional array
Advantage of Array
Write a C program using arrays that produces the multiplication of two matrices.
Array
Introduction
One-dimensional array
Multidimensional array
Advantage of Array
Write a C program using arrays that produces the multiplication of two matrices.
2D array in C++ language ,define the concept of c++ Two-Dimensional array .with example .and also Accessing Array Components concept.and Processing Two-Dimensional Arrays.
A cluster is an accumulation of factors of a similar sort that are alluded to through a typical name. A particular component in a cluster is gotten to by a file. In C, all clusters comprise of coterminous memory areas.
C Programming/Strings. A string in C is merely an array of characters. The length of a string is determined by a terminating null character: '-' . So, a string with the contents, say, "abc" has four characters: 'a' , 'b' , 'c' , and the terminating null character.
2D array in C++ language ,define the concept of c++ Two-Dimensional array .with example .and also Accessing Array Components concept.and Processing Two-Dimensional Arrays.
A cluster is an accumulation of factors of a similar sort that are alluded to through a typical name. A particular component in a cluster is gotten to by a file. In C, all clusters comprise of coterminous memory areas.
C Programming/Strings. A string in C is merely an array of characters. The length of a string is determined by a terminating null character: '-' . So, a string with the contents, say, "abc" has four characters: 'a' , 'b' , 'c' , and the terminating null character.
An array is a group of data items of same data type that share a common name. Ordinary variables are capable of holding only one value at a time. If we want to store more than one value at a time in a single variable, we use arrays.
An array is a collective name given to a group of similar variables. Each member in the group is referred to by its position in the group.
Arrays are alloted the memory in a strictly contiguous fashion. The simplest array is a one-dimensional array which is a list of variables of same data type. An array of one-dimensional arrays is called a two-dimensional array.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
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This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
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The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesarās dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empireās birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empireās society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
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It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using āinvisibleā attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
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Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
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Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
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This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
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The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
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http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasnāt one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
2. Arrays:
An array is a collection of data that holds
fixed number of values of same type.
The size and type of arrays cannot be
changed after its declaration.
For Example : If you want to store marks
of 100 students you can create an array for it.
float marks[100];
3. Some examples where the concept of an
array can be used:
ā¢ List of temperatures recorded every hour in a day, or a
month
or a year.
ā¢ List of employees in an organization.
ā¢ List of products and their cost sold by a store.
ā¢ Test scores of a class of students.
ā¢ List of customers and their telephone numbers.
ā¢ Table of daily rainfall data.
4. How to declare an array in C?
Syntax:
data_type array_name[array_ size];
For example:
float mark[5];
Here we declared an array, mark, of
floating-point type and size 5. That it holds 5
floating-point values.
5. Elements of an array and How to access them?
You can access elements of an array by indices.
Suppose you declared an array mark as above. The first
element is mark[0], second element is mark[1] and so on.
Few Key points:
ā¢ Arrays have 0 as the first index not 1. In this example,
mark[0].
ā¢ If the size of an array is n, to access the last element, (n-1)
index is used. In this example, mark[4].
ā¢ Suppose the starting address of mark[0] is 2120d. Then, the
next address, mark[1], will be 2124d, address of mark[2] will
be 2128d and so on. Its because the size of a float is 4 bytes.
6. How to Initialize an array?
Its possible to initialize an array during declaration.
For example:
int mark[5] = {9,4,6,3,5};
Another method of initialize array during declaration
int mark[ ] ={9,4,6,3,5};
Here,
mark[0] is equal to 9
mark[1] is equal to 4
mark[2] is equal to 6
mark[3] is equal to 3
mark[4] is equal to 5
7. Important thing to remember when working with
C arrays:
Suppose you declared an array of 10 elements. Lets say,
int testArray[10];
You can use the array members from testArray[0] to
testArray[9].
If you try to access array elements outside of its bound, lets
say testArray[12], the compiler may not show any error.
However, this may cause unexpected output (undefined
behavior).
8. Arrays are of three types:
1. One-dimensional arrays.
2. Two-dimensional arrays.
3. Multidimensional arrays.
9. One-dimensional Array:
A list of item can be given one variable name using
only one subscript and such a variable is called a single subscripted
variable or a one dimensional array.
The Syntax for an array declaration is:
type variable-name[size];
Example:
float height[50];
int groupt[10];
char name[10];
10. The type specifies the type of the element that will be
contained in the array, such as int, float, or char and the size
indicates the maximum number of elements that can be stored
inside the array.
Now as we declare a array
int number[5];
Then the computer reserves five storage locations as
the size o the array is 5 as show below.
Reserved Space Storing values after Initialization
number[0] number[0]
number[1] number[1]
number[2] number[2]
number[3] number[3]
number[4] number[4]
35
20
40
57
19
11. Initialization of one dimensional array:
After an array is declared, its elements must be
initialized. In C programming an array can be initialized at
either of the following stages:
At compile time
At run time
12. Compile Time Initialization:
The general form of initialization of array is:
type array-name[size] ={list of values};
The values in the list are separated by commas.
For example:
int number[3] = {0,5,4};
will declare the variable ānumberā as an array of
size 3 and will assign the values to each elements.
If the number of values in the list is less than the
number of elements, then only that many elements will be
initialized.
The remaining elements will be set to zero
automatically.
Remember, if we have more initializers than the
declared size, the compiler will produce an error.
13. Run time initialization:
An array can also be explicitly initialized at run time.
For example consider the following segment of a c program.
for(i=0;i<10;i++)
{
scanf(ā%dā, &x[i]);
}
In the run time initialization of the arrays looping
statements are almost compulsory.
Looping statements are used to initialize the values of the
arrays one by one using assignment operator or through the
keyboard by the user.
14. One dimensional Array Program:
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
int array[5];
printf(āEnter 5 numbers to store them in array nā);
for(i=0;i<5;i++)
{
Scanf(ā%dā, &array[i]);
}
printf(āElement in the array are: nā);
For(i=0;i<5;i++)
{
printf(āElement stored at a[%d]=%d nā, i, array[i]);
}
getch();
}
15. Input:
Enter 5 elements in the array: 23 45 32 25 45
Output:
Element in the array are:
Element stored at a[0]:23
Element stored at a[0]:45
Element stored at a[0]:32
Element stored at a[0]:25
Element stored at a[0]:45
16. Two-dimensional Arrays:
The simplest form of multidimensional array is
the two-dimensional array. A two-dimensional array is, in
essence, a list of one-dimensional arrays.
To declare a two-dimensional integer array of
size[x][y], you would write something as follows:
type arrayName[x][y];
Where type can be any valid C data type and
arrayName will be a valid C identifier.
17. A two-dimensional array can be considered as
a table which will have x number o rows and y number o
columns.
A two-dimensional array a, which contains
three rows and four columns can be shown as follows.
Column 0 Column 1 Column 2 Column 3
Row 0
Row 1
Row 2
a[0][0] a[0][1]
a[0][2] a[0][3]
a[0][2] a[0][2] a[0][2] a[0][2]
a[0][2] a[0][2] a[0][2] a[0][2]
18. Thus, every element in the array a is identified
by an element name of the form a[i][j].
where āaā is the name of the array, and āiā and ājā
are the subscripts that uniquely identify each element in āaā.
Initializing Two-Dimensional Arrays:
Multidimensional arrays may be initialized by
specifying bracketed values for each row.
19. Following is an array with 3 rows and each row
has 4 columns.
int a[3][4] = {
{0,1,2,3},
{4,5,6,7},
{8,9,10,11}
};
The nested braces, which indicate the intended
row, are optional. The following initialization is equivalent
to the previous example
int a[3][4] = {0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11};
20. Accessing Two-Dimensional Array Elements:
An element in a two-dimensional array is
accessed by using the subscripts. i.e., row index and
column index of the array.
For Example:
int val = a[2][3];
The above statement will take the 4th element
from the 3rd row of the array.
21. Two-Dimensional Arrays program:
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a[5][2]={{0,0},{1,2},{2,4},{3,6},{4,8}};
int i,j;
for(i=0;i<5;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<2;j++)
{
printf(āa[%d][%d] = %dnā,i,j,a[i][j]);
}
}
return 0;
}
23. Multi-Dimensional Arrays:
C programming language supports
multidimensional Arrays.
ā¢ Multi dimensional arrays have more than one
subscript variables.
ā¢ Multi dimensional array is also called as matrix.
ā¢ Multi dimensional arrays are array o arrays.
24. Declaration of Multidimensional Array
A multidimensional array is declared using the
following syntax
Syntax:
data_type array_name[d1][d2][d3][d4]....[dn];
Above statement will declare an array on N
dimensions of name array_name, where each element of
array is of type data_type.
The maximum number of elements that can be
stored in a multi dimensional array array_name is size1 X
size2 X size3....sizeN.
For example:
char cube[50][60][30];
25. Multidimensional Array program:
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int r,c,a[50][50],b[50][50],sum[50][50],i,j;
printf("tn Multi-dimensional array");
printf("n Enter the row matrix:");
scanf("%d",&r);
printf("n Enter the col matrix:");
scanf("%d",&c);
printf("n Element of A matrix");
for(i=0;i<r;++i)
for(j=0;j<c;++j)
![Arrays:
An array is a collection of data that holds
fixed number of values of same type.
The size and type of arrays cannot be
changed after its declaration.
For Example : If you want to store marks
of 100 students you can create an array for it.
float marks[100];](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)