The document provides steps to set up a Linux operating system from scratch, including partitioning and formatting storage, installing the base system and configuring it, and adding additional packages to enable a graphical user interface using X Window System and Openbox window manager. It discusses advantages of building a custom lightweight Linux distribution and guides the reader through the entire process with code examples.

1. -11-15
2013
Brown Bag
Guess what’s the topic? :D

2. I’m introducing you how to build a….

3. T OF
SOR

4. Build [a lie]
[Set up] a Linux OS

5. Let’s look at some terms
● Distributions (Distros)
● Package Managers

6. Distros
● Red Hat / Fedora
● Debian / Ubuntu / Mint
● and mooooooooore...

7. Package Manager
Handles dependencies
Format usually are source or binary.
Source
● portage - src
Binaries
● apt - deb
● yum - rpm
● pacman - tar.gz
● and moooooooore...

8. Build [a lie]
[Set up] a Linux OS
scratch
from

9. Benefits?
What’s the benefits of setting up a linux OS
from scratch?

10. Setting up a Linux OS from scratch often like building a house
Often it is very trivial a.k.a. mafan

11. So instead of building one, we often choose to purchase one.
We choose to install a Linux OS with packages pre-installed.
Often it is a bloated, gluten OS.

12. So.. How ah?
[Set up] a Linux OS from scratch
i
eps +/n 10 st

13. A simple, lightweight distribution

14. Let’s do it!
1. Storage
ps +/n 10 ste
i
○ Partition
○ Format
○ Mount
2. OS
○
○
○
○
○
Base system
File system table
Initial Ramdisk Env
Initial configurations
Boot loader
3. Moooooore
○ New user account
○ Windows (not that WindowsTM)

15. 0. Set Up VM
● Create a new VM
● Attach ISO to the VM as storage
● Start!

16. 1. Storage
Partition
$ cfdisk <Storage-Device-Name>
$ cfdisk /dev/sda
Format
$ mkfs.ext4 <StoragePartition-Name>
$ mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda1
$ mkswap <Storage-PartitionName>
$ mkswap /dev/sda2
Mount
$ mount <From> <To>
$ mount /dev/sda1 /mnt
$ swapon <Storage-PartitionName>
$ swapon /dev/sda2
More: https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Partitioning

17. 2. OS (Part 1 of 3)
Base System
$ pacstrap -i <OS-Drive>
base
$ pacstrap -i /mnt base
File system table
$ genfstab -U -p /mnt >>
/mnt/etc/fstab
$ genfstab -U -p <OS-Drive>
>> <OS-Drive>/etc/fstab
“Enter the OS”
$ arch-chroot /mnt
$ arch-chroot <OS-Drive>
Initial Ramdisk Environment
$ mkinitcpio -p linux
fstab: https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Fstab
chroot: https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Chroot
initrd: https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/mkinitcpio
$ mkinitcpio -p linux

18. 2. OS (Part 2 of 3)
Initial configurations
# Set timezone
$ ln -s
/usr/share/zoneinfo/<Continent>
/<City>
$ ln -s
/usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Kual
a_Lumpur /etc/localtime
# Set clock
$ hwclock --systohc --utc
$ hwclock --systohc --utc
# Set hostname
$ echo archieVM > /etc/hostname
# Enable dhcp client
$ systemctl enable dhcpcd
$ $ echo archieVM >
/etc/hostname
$ systemctl enable dhcpcd
# Set password for root
$ passwd
$ passwd

19. 2. OS (Part 3 of 3)
Boot loader
$ pacman -S <package>
$ pacman -S grub
$ grub-install -target=<architecture> --recheck
<Storage-Device-Name>
$ grub-install -target=i386-pc --recheck
/dev/sda
$ grub-mkconfig -o <grub-configlocation>
$ grub-mkconfig -o
/boot/grub/grub.cfg
Restart!
$ exit
$ exit
$ reboot
$ reboot
fstab: https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Fstab
initrd: https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/mkinitcpio

20. 3. More (Part 1 of 2)
Create new user account
$ useradd -m -G <other-groups>
<username>
$ useradd -m -G users
sianlerk
$ passwd <username>
$ passwd sianlerk
Windows
$ pacman -S xorg-server xorgserver-utils xorg-xinit mesa
xf86-video-vesa alsa-utils
mesa-libgl
$ pacman -S xorg-server
xorg-server-utils xorg-xinit
mesa xf86-video-vesa alsautils mesa-libgl
$ pacman -S openbox
$ pacman -S openbox
Restart
$ reboot
X-Windows: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_Window_System
Openbox: https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Openbox
$ reboot

21. 3. More (Part 2 of 2)
Windows
<logged in as non-root>
<logged in as sianlerk>
$ echo exec openbox-session >
~/.xinitrc
$ echo exec openbox-session
> ~/.xinitrc
$ startx
$ startx