This Slide was presented as an introduction to Linux . Students with little experience in free operating systems were encouraged to take up Linux based operating systems.
FUSE (Filesystems in USErspace) allows applications to present virtual filesystems to the operating system. This allows features like transparent encryption, compression, and access to remote or archived files. Some examples of FUSE filesystems are SSHFS for encrypted remote access, EncFS for encrypted local storage, and GlusterFS for distributed parallel storage across multiple servers. While FUSE enables many new features, there can be some performance overhead from userspace applications replacing kernel filesystem code.
This document provides an overview of a 5-day UNIX/Linux training course. The training covers topics such as Linux desktops and administration, Linux command line administration, networking, servers, and programming. Each day focuses on a different aspect of UNIX/Linux including installation, desktop environments, administration tasks from the command line interface, and networking. Common Linux distributions and benefits of UNIX/Linux are also discussed.
Tips and Tricks for Increased Development EfficiencyOlivier Bourgeois
Short presentation targetted at university students showing some tools and software that are usually not talked about in courses which helps development productivity.
This document is a summary of most used commands in Linux( mostly based on ubuntu).
It is a quick reference and good source for interview questions :).
The document contains the package install, update for both fedora and ubuntu, a nice comparison between two.
Ubuntu server configuration
This document provides an overview of common Linux commands organized by category. It describes commands for file handling like mkdir, ls, cd; text processing like cat, grep, sort; system administration like chmod, chown, passwd; process management like ps, kill; archiving files using tar and zip; network tasks using ssh, scp; file systems like mount, umount; and other advanced commands like reboot. Examples are given for most commands.
This course covers the basics of Linux system administration over 15-20 hours, teaching students how to use the command line, configure networks and disks, manage users and software, monitor performance, backup systems, and troubleshoot issues. The course outline details lessons on topics like file systems, shells, vi editor, processes, packages, networking, and booting to provide students with foundational skills for administering Linux systems. The goal is for students to learn how to use and manage key components of Linux from the command line as a system administrator.
This document provides a quick guide to the Linux command line. It introduces Linux and the shell, and explains why the command line is useful even with graphical user interfaces. It then covers basic commands for file management, processes, archives, and input/output redirection. Finally, it briefly mentions some simple text editors and hints at using more advanced shell scripting.
This document provides an overview of useful commands for Ubuntu Linux, beginning with basic Linux commands and how to get help or more information on commands. It then covers managing software, important keyboard shortcuts, history commands, redirecting input/output, using aliases and environment variables. Additional sections discuss commands for working as a user, such as editing text, searching files, sorting output and more. The document concludes with commands for system administration, including working with partitions, processes, resources, and network interface cards.
FUSE (Filesystems in USErspace) allows applications to present virtual filesystems to the operating system. This allows features like transparent encryption, compression, and access to remote or archived files. Some examples of FUSE filesystems are SSHFS for encrypted remote access, EncFS for encrypted local storage, and GlusterFS for distributed parallel storage across multiple servers. While FUSE enables many new features, there can be some performance overhead from userspace applications replacing kernel filesystem code.
This document provides an overview of a 5-day UNIX/Linux training course. The training covers topics such as Linux desktops and administration, Linux command line administration, networking, servers, and programming. Each day focuses on a different aspect of UNIX/Linux including installation, desktop environments, administration tasks from the command line interface, and networking. Common Linux distributions and benefits of UNIX/Linux are also discussed.
Tips and Tricks for Increased Development EfficiencyOlivier Bourgeois
Short presentation targetted at university students showing some tools and software that are usually not talked about in courses which helps development productivity.
This document is a summary of most used commands in Linux( mostly based on ubuntu).
It is a quick reference and good source for interview questions :).
The document contains the package install, update for both fedora and ubuntu, a nice comparison between two.
Ubuntu server configuration
This document provides an overview of common Linux commands organized by category. It describes commands for file handling like mkdir, ls, cd; text processing like cat, grep, sort; system administration like chmod, chown, passwd; process management like ps, kill; archiving files using tar and zip; network tasks using ssh, scp; file systems like mount, umount; and other advanced commands like reboot. Examples are given for most commands.
This course covers the basics of Linux system administration over 15-20 hours, teaching students how to use the command line, configure networks and disks, manage users and software, monitor performance, backup systems, and troubleshoot issues. The course outline details lessons on topics like file systems, shells, vi editor, processes, packages, networking, and booting to provide students with foundational skills for administering Linux systems. The goal is for students to learn how to use and manage key components of Linux from the command line as a system administrator.
This document provides a quick guide to the Linux command line. It introduces Linux and the shell, and explains why the command line is useful even with graphical user interfaces. It then covers basic commands for file management, processes, archives, and input/output redirection. Finally, it briefly mentions some simple text editors and hints at using more advanced shell scripting.
This document provides an overview of useful commands for Ubuntu Linux, beginning with basic Linux commands and how to get help or more information on commands. It then covers managing software, important keyboard shortcuts, history commands, redirecting input/output, using aliases and environment variables. Additional sections discuss commands for working as a user, such as editing text, searching files, sorting output and more. The document concludes with commands for system administration, including working with partitions, processes, resources, and network interface cards.
The Linux directory structure is organized with / as the root directory. Key directories include /bin and /sbin for essential system binaries, /boot for boot files, /dev for device files, /etc for configuration files, /home for user home directories, /lib for shared libraries, /media and /mnt for mounting removable media, /opt for optional application software, /proc for process information, /root for the root user's home, /tmp for temporary files, /usr for secondary hierarchy data and binaries, and /var for variable data.
This document provides a summary of the Unix and GNU/Linux command line. It begins with an overview of files and file systems in Unix, including that everything is treated as a file. It then discusses command line interpreters (shells), and commands for handling files and directories like ls, cd, cp, and rm. It also covers redirecting standard input/output, pipes, and controlling processes. The document is intended as training material and provides a detailed outline of its contents.
The document provides an introduction to UNIX commands, organizing them into categories such as system information commands, file manipulation, text editing, users and groups, and includes examples of commands like ls, grep, cd along with advice for beginners to experiment without fear of causing damage. It also covers topics like the shell interface, different shell types, using wildcards in commands, and mounting a USB drive to access and transfer files.
This document provides a tutorial on common Linux commands. It lists commands like ls to list files, file to check file types, mkdir to make directories, cd to change directories, cp to copy, mv to move, and rm to remove files and directories. It also covers commands like cat to view file contents, grep to search files, more and less to page through large files, chown to change ownership, chmod to change permissions, ps to view processes, and kill and killall to terminate processes. The document explains that running "man [command]" provides documentation for each command.
Useful Linux and Unix commands handbookWave Digitech
This article provides practical examples for most frequently used commands in Linux / UNIX. Helpful for Engineers and trainee engineers, Software developers. A handy notes for all Linux & Unix commands.
The document provides instructions on installing Linux and describes common Linux commands. It explains how to install Linux by booting from a CD, selecting language and keyboard settings, partitioning disks, and completing the installation process. It then lists and describes over 50 common Linux commands for viewing files, manipulating directories, searching files, managing processes, and more. Advanced commands are also included for checking system information and hardware.
Linux is an open-source operating system based on Unix, designed for multi-user environments. The document provides an overview of basic Linux commands like ls, mkdir, cd for navigating files and directories, as well as more advanced commands for manipulating files, checking system resources, and getting system information. It also lists and describes many common Linux commands and their functions.
This document provides an introduction to Linux, including its history and architecture. It describes Linux's origins from Unix in the 1960s and the development of the Linux kernel by Linus Torvalds in 1991. It outlines the key components of a Linux system, including the kernel, shell, file system, processes, networking, and desktop environments. It also discusses booting a Linux system and provides resources for learning more about Linux distributions and building your own operating system.
This document provides an overview of the basics of Linux, including its key components and common commands. It describes Linux as an open source, Unix-based operating system developed by the community. The core component is the Linux kernel, which uses a monolithic microkernel design. Common shells for the user interface include BASH, SH, and KSH. Basic commands covered include ls, cd, pwd, echo, cat, cp, mv, mkdir, rm, and tar for archiving and compressing files. The document also discusses file permissions and ownership, represented using octal notation, and crontab for scheduling tasks.
This document provides an overview of Linux system fundamentals including how to install Ubuntu in a virtual machine, basic commands like ls, cat, and sudo, understanding users, home directories and man pages. It explains key Linux concepts such as the kernel, command line interface, and root user and how to switch directories, view files and get help using man pages.
Linux-training-for-beginners-in-mumbaiUnmesh Baile
Vibrant Technologies is headquarted in Mumbai,India.We are the best Linux training provider in Navi Mumbai who provides Live Projects to students.We provide Corporate Training also.We are Best Linux classes in Mumbai according to our students and corporates
The document discusses various Linux commands for archiving and compressing files including zip, unzip, gzip, gunzip, tar, cpio, and dd. It provides an overview of their common options and how to use them to create, extract, compress, decompress, backup, and restore archives and disk images. Incremental backups can be achieved with tar by creating a snapshot of the initial full backup.
here you will get basic idea about TERMINAL. you learn some basic commands. with the help of that commands you can make new folder(directory), new file with .txt or any other extension.you will learn HOW to make multiple folder in just one second. you will find Important information about the Linux terminal.
Linux is an operating system similar to Unix. The document lists and describes 27 common Linux commands, including commands for listing files (ls), removing files and directories (rm, rmdir), viewing file contents (cat, more, less), navigating and creating directories (cd, mkdir), moving and copying files (mv, cp), searching files (grep), counting characters (wc), checking the current working directory (pwd), getting command help (man), finding files and programs (whereis, find, locate), editing files (vi, emacs), connecting remotely (telnet, ssh), checking network status (netstat, ifconfig), getting information about internet hosts (whois, nslookup, dig, finger), testing network connectivity
Unix , Linux Commands
Unix, which is not an acronym, was developed by some of the members of the Multics team at the bell labs starting in the late 1960's by many of the same people who helped create the C programming language.
Part 03 File System Implementation in LinuxTushar B Kute
Presentation on "Virtual File System Implementation in Linux".
Presented at Army Institute of Technology, Pune for FDP on "Basics of Linux Kernel Programming". by Tushar B Kute (http://tusharkute.com).
Linux is an open-source operating system developed by Linus Torvalds in 1991. It has a reputation for being efficient and fast-performing. The document then lists and describes 50 common Linux commands, including their syntax and usage. Examples include commands for changing directories, copying files, displaying the date/time, searching files with grep, and more.
This document provides an introduction to Linux basics. It defines what Linux is, describing its core components like the kernel, daemons, shell, and desktop environments. It explains the directory structure and file system, with everything treated as a file. It also outlines many common Linux commands, like ls, cd, chmod, and crontab, and provides explanations for how they work. Finally, it discusses concepts like piping, redirection, wildcards, foreground vs. background processes, and provides some additional Linux resources.
This document provides instructions for installing a basic Arch Linux system in 3 steps:
1. Prepare the disk by partitioning and formatting it, then mount the new partitions.
2. Install the base system files using pacstrap.
3. Configure the system by generating the fstab file, setting the hostname, configuring localization settings, installing mkinitcpio and grub bootloader, then rebooting.
Linux has become integral part of Embedded systems. This three part presentation gives deeper perspective of Linux from system programming perspective. Stating with basics of Linux it goes on till advanced aspects like thread and IPC programming.
This document provides an overview of the Linux operating system. It discusses that Linux is an open-source operating system that provides a structured file system, multi-user capabilities, and strong security. It describes the Linux file structure with directories like /bin, /boot, /dev, /etc, and explains commands to view processes, manage users and files, and install packages. Network services like Apache web server, OpenSSH, and FTP are also summarized.
This document provides a beginner's guide to learning Linux. It covers topics such as what Linux is, understanding files and folders, users and permissions, the root user, opening a terminal, basic commands like ls, cd, pwd, and tar for archiving files. The guide explains important Linux concepts and provides examples of common commands to get started using the Linux command line.
The Linux directory structure is organized with / as the root directory. Key directories include /bin and /sbin for essential system binaries, /boot for boot files, /dev for device files, /etc for configuration files, /home for user home directories, /lib for shared libraries, /media and /mnt for mounting removable media, /opt for optional application software, /proc for process information, /root for the root user's home, /tmp for temporary files, /usr for secondary hierarchy data and binaries, and /var for variable data.
This document provides a summary of the Unix and GNU/Linux command line. It begins with an overview of files and file systems in Unix, including that everything is treated as a file. It then discusses command line interpreters (shells), and commands for handling files and directories like ls, cd, cp, and rm. It also covers redirecting standard input/output, pipes, and controlling processes. The document is intended as training material and provides a detailed outline of its contents.
The document provides an introduction to UNIX commands, organizing them into categories such as system information commands, file manipulation, text editing, users and groups, and includes examples of commands like ls, grep, cd along with advice for beginners to experiment without fear of causing damage. It also covers topics like the shell interface, different shell types, using wildcards in commands, and mounting a USB drive to access and transfer files.
This document provides a tutorial on common Linux commands. It lists commands like ls to list files, file to check file types, mkdir to make directories, cd to change directories, cp to copy, mv to move, and rm to remove files and directories. It also covers commands like cat to view file contents, grep to search files, more and less to page through large files, chown to change ownership, chmod to change permissions, ps to view processes, and kill and killall to terminate processes. The document explains that running "man [command]" provides documentation for each command.
Useful Linux and Unix commands handbookWave Digitech
This article provides practical examples for most frequently used commands in Linux / UNIX. Helpful for Engineers and trainee engineers, Software developers. A handy notes for all Linux & Unix commands.
The document provides instructions on installing Linux and describes common Linux commands. It explains how to install Linux by booting from a CD, selecting language and keyboard settings, partitioning disks, and completing the installation process. It then lists and describes over 50 common Linux commands for viewing files, manipulating directories, searching files, managing processes, and more. Advanced commands are also included for checking system information and hardware.
Linux is an open-source operating system based on Unix, designed for multi-user environments. The document provides an overview of basic Linux commands like ls, mkdir, cd for navigating files and directories, as well as more advanced commands for manipulating files, checking system resources, and getting system information. It also lists and describes many common Linux commands and their functions.
This document provides an introduction to Linux, including its history and architecture. It describes Linux's origins from Unix in the 1960s and the development of the Linux kernel by Linus Torvalds in 1991. It outlines the key components of a Linux system, including the kernel, shell, file system, processes, networking, and desktop environments. It also discusses booting a Linux system and provides resources for learning more about Linux distributions and building your own operating system.
This document provides an overview of the basics of Linux, including its key components and common commands. It describes Linux as an open source, Unix-based operating system developed by the community. The core component is the Linux kernel, which uses a monolithic microkernel design. Common shells for the user interface include BASH, SH, and KSH. Basic commands covered include ls, cd, pwd, echo, cat, cp, mv, mkdir, rm, and tar for archiving and compressing files. The document also discusses file permissions and ownership, represented using octal notation, and crontab for scheduling tasks.
This document provides an overview of Linux system fundamentals including how to install Ubuntu in a virtual machine, basic commands like ls, cat, and sudo, understanding users, home directories and man pages. It explains key Linux concepts such as the kernel, command line interface, and root user and how to switch directories, view files and get help using man pages.
Linux-training-for-beginners-in-mumbaiUnmesh Baile
Vibrant Technologies is headquarted in Mumbai,India.We are the best Linux training provider in Navi Mumbai who provides Live Projects to students.We provide Corporate Training also.We are Best Linux classes in Mumbai according to our students and corporates
The document discusses various Linux commands for archiving and compressing files including zip, unzip, gzip, gunzip, tar, cpio, and dd. It provides an overview of their common options and how to use them to create, extract, compress, decompress, backup, and restore archives and disk images. Incremental backups can be achieved with tar by creating a snapshot of the initial full backup.
here you will get basic idea about TERMINAL. you learn some basic commands. with the help of that commands you can make new folder(directory), new file with .txt or any other extension.you will learn HOW to make multiple folder in just one second. you will find Important information about the Linux terminal.
Linux is an operating system similar to Unix. The document lists and describes 27 common Linux commands, including commands for listing files (ls), removing files and directories (rm, rmdir), viewing file contents (cat, more, less), navigating and creating directories (cd, mkdir), moving and copying files (mv, cp), searching files (grep), counting characters (wc), checking the current working directory (pwd), getting command help (man), finding files and programs (whereis, find, locate), editing files (vi, emacs), connecting remotely (telnet, ssh), checking network status (netstat, ifconfig), getting information about internet hosts (whois, nslookup, dig, finger), testing network connectivity
Unix , Linux Commands
Unix, which is not an acronym, was developed by some of the members of the Multics team at the bell labs starting in the late 1960's by many of the same people who helped create the C programming language.
Part 03 File System Implementation in LinuxTushar B Kute
Presentation on "Virtual File System Implementation in Linux".
Presented at Army Institute of Technology, Pune for FDP on "Basics of Linux Kernel Programming". by Tushar B Kute (http://tusharkute.com).
Linux is an open-source operating system developed by Linus Torvalds in 1991. It has a reputation for being efficient and fast-performing. The document then lists and describes 50 common Linux commands, including their syntax and usage. Examples include commands for changing directories, copying files, displaying the date/time, searching files with grep, and more.
This document provides an introduction to Linux basics. It defines what Linux is, describing its core components like the kernel, daemons, shell, and desktop environments. It explains the directory structure and file system, with everything treated as a file. It also outlines many common Linux commands, like ls, cd, chmod, and crontab, and provides explanations for how they work. Finally, it discusses concepts like piping, redirection, wildcards, foreground vs. background processes, and provides some additional Linux resources.
This document provides instructions for installing a basic Arch Linux system in 3 steps:
1. Prepare the disk by partitioning and formatting it, then mount the new partitions.
2. Install the base system files using pacstrap.
3. Configure the system by generating the fstab file, setting the hostname, configuring localization settings, installing mkinitcpio and grub bootloader, then rebooting.
Linux has become integral part of Embedded systems. This three part presentation gives deeper perspective of Linux from system programming perspective. Stating with basics of Linux it goes on till advanced aspects like thread and IPC programming.
This document provides an overview of the Linux operating system. It discusses that Linux is an open-source operating system that provides a structured file system, multi-user capabilities, and strong security. It describes the Linux file structure with directories like /bin, /boot, /dev, /etc, and explains commands to view processes, manage users and files, and install packages. Network services like Apache web server, OpenSSH, and FTP are also summarized.
This document provides a beginner's guide to learning Linux. It covers topics such as what Linux is, understanding files and folders, users and permissions, the root user, opening a terminal, basic commands like ls, cd, pwd, and tar for archiving files. The guide explains important Linux concepts and provides examples of common commands to get started using the Linux command line.
This document provides a beginner's guide to learning Linux. It covers topics such as what Linux is, understanding files and folders, users and permissions, the root user, opening a terminal, basic commands like ls, cd, pwd, and tar for archiving files. The guide explains important Linux concepts and provides examples of common commands to get started using the Linux command line.
This document provides a beginner's guide to learning Linux. It covers topics such as what Linux is, understanding files and folders, users and permissions, the root user, opening a terminal, basic commands like ls, cd, pwd, and tar for archiving files. The guide explains important Linux concepts and provides examples of common commands to get started using the Linux command line.
CompTIA Linux+ Powered by LPI certifies foundational skills and knowledge of Linux. With Linux being the central operating system for much of the world’s IT infrastructure, Linux+ is an essential credential for individuals working in IT, especially those on the path of a Web and software development career. With CompTIA’s Linux+ Powered by LPI certification, you’ll acquire the fundamental skills and knowledge you need to successfully configure, manage and troubleshoot Linux systems. Recommended experience for this certification includes CompTIA A+, CompTIA Network+ and 12 months of Linux admin experience. No prerequisites required.
The document provides information about Linux including its history, components, and usage. It can be summarized as follows:
Linux originated in 1991 when Linus Torvalds created the Linux kernel. Since then, thousands of programmers have enhanced Linux, which is now used on millions of computers worldwide. Linux is a fully-networked, multi-user, multi-tasking operating system that provides both command line and graphical interfaces. It includes core utilities like editors, compilers, and networking tools. Common distributions include Red Hat Enterprise Linux and Fedora, which provide commercial support and the latest open source technologies, respectively.
Linux is a family of open-source operating systems used widely today. It originated from Linus Torvalds' development of the Linux kernel in 1991. There are many Linux distributions that package the kernel along with other software, and each has its own philosophy and uses. The document discusses key aspects of Linux including common commands, desktop environments, shells, files systems, users and permissions, package managers and more. It provides a high-level overview of the basics of using and working with the Linux operating system.
This document provides an overview of Linux basics including the kernel, shell, filesystem hierarchy, run levels, and booting procedure. It describes key components like the kernel, shell, init process, and run level programs. It also explains basic commands for file management, text editing, archiving/compression, and system states. Formatting options and common filesystem types are outlined as well. The document is an introductory guide to core Linux concepts, components, and commands.
This document provides an overview of Linux basics including the kernel, shell, filesystem hierarchy, run levels, and booting procedure. It also describes common Linux commands for text processing, archives/compression, and system states. The key components of the Linux system covered are the BIOS, MBR, GRUB bootloader, kernel, init process, and runlevel programs. File system types like Ext2, Ext3, and Ext4 are also summarized.
This document provides an overview and agenda for a 5-day UNIX/Linux training course. The training will cover Linux installations, desktops, command line administration, networking, and server/programming. Each day focuses on a different topic area. Day 1 is an introduction and installation. Day 2 covers Linux desktops and administration. Day 3 is Linux CLI administration. Day 4 is networking and internet. Day 5 is Linux servers and programming. The document also includes background information on Linux and UNIX as well as tips for Linux installations, file systems, users, commands, and performance.
This document provides an overview of getting started with Linux. It covers topics such as what Linux is, the basic file system structure and operations, utilities for file management, process management, system administration, and common keyboard shortcuts. The document also lists some of the top Linux distributions and recommends next steps for learning more advanced topics like Vim, shell scripting, sed, awk, and pursuing Linux certification.
The document provides an introduction to operating systems, kernels, shells, Linux, and the differences between Linux and Windows. It discusses that an operating system consists of system software that acts as an intermediary between the user and computer hardware. The kernel is the core of the operating system and constantly runs, while the shell provides an interface between the user and kernel. It then covers Linux features such as being open source, modular, offering choices of desktop environments, and being portable. It also compares Linux and Windows in areas such as licensing, market share, filesystems, installation, and configuration.
Linux is an open source operating system created by Linus Torvalds that manages computer hardware and software resources. The document provides an introduction to Linux and teaches how to navigate and manipulate files and directories using commands like ls, cd, touch, and rm in the command line interface. It also covers finding, editing, archiving, and permissions of files as well as processes and getting help.
Linux is an open source operating system kernel developed in the 1990s as a free replacement for Unix. It uses a monolithic kernel design with layered components like the GNU operating system tools. Popular Linux distributions include Ubuntu, Fedora, and Debian. Ubuntu is suitable for all users as it is easy to install, use, and has a large software library. The basic Linux file system, commands, and how to install software are described.
The document provides an overview of the Linux filesystem, including its hierarchical tree structure with common subdirectories like /bin, /home, and /usr. It discusses useful commands for navigating the filesystem like cd, pwd, and running privileged commands with sudo. The document also compares the Linux and Windows filesystem structures and file types. It introduces package management with apt-get and the power of pipes in Linux.
In February, 2016 I had the privilege of working with employees of STARR Computers on a course to orient them to Linux. The course was delivered over a series of 90-120 minute sessions. It was designed so that
This is a compilation of the slides which were used. There were some other resources which were shared. There were practice exercises which were designed to reinforce some concepts.
Check http://churchroadman.blogspot.com/2016/04/basic-orientation-to-linux-course.html for some other details.
The document provides information about the history and development of Linux. It states that in 1991, Linus Torvalds, a Finnish computer science student, released the first version of the Linux kernel. Though intended as a hobby project, Linux gained significant support from other developers over the years. The kernel was expanded to be capable of more than its original capabilities.
2. Ohk.
● Linux – Know anything?
● What you expect to do by the end of the
lecture??
3. Linux : Kernel Not OS !!
● Kernel : Application layer <=> data layer
.
● Linux kernel is the underlying layer below all
operating systems like android, ubuntu ,
fedora , OpenInnova , OpenSUSE..
● Linus Torvalds (1991) – unix like kernel
4. Different
Flavors Of Linux.
● Linux kernel is open-source.
● Anyone is allowed to pick up the source code
and modify it to suit his own needs.
● Various differences you'll notice :
from different Window Managers
(gnome,kde,xfce,lfce )
to different flavors altogether
(OpenSUSE,Fedora, Ubuntu )
6. Installing Ubuntu
● - Install with Wubi- DO NOT DO IT.
(More trouble than you can afford)
● - Install in new Partition
LiveUSB,LiveCD
Data security and safe.
Follow the steps given on Ubuntu.com or any
website.
8. ● /bin - Executable programs.
● /boot -The startup files , the kernel and grub .
● /dev - CPU peripherals.
● /etc - System Configuration (** Control Panel )
● /home -Your files.
● /initrd -boot
● /lib Library files
● /lost+found Files that were saved during failures are here.
● /misc For miscellaneous purposes.
● /mnt Standard mount point : External temporarily mounted file
systems, e.g. a CD-ROM or a digital camera.
● /media Standard mount point : External removable media : pendrives .
● /net Standard mount point : Entire remote file systems
● /opt Typically contains extra and third party software.
9. ● /root The administrative user's home directory. Note: / and /root.
● /sbin Programs for use by the system and the system administrator.
● /tmp Temporary space , cleaned upon reboot.
● /usr Programs, libraries, documentation etc. for all user-related
programs.
● /var Storage for all variable files and temporary files created by
users, such as log files, the mail queue, the print spooler area, space
for temporary storage of files downloaded from the Internet, or to
keep an image of a CD before burning it.
● /proc A virtual file system containing information about system
resources. More information about the meaning of the files in proc is
obtained by entering the command man proc in a terminal window.
The file proc.txt discusses the virtual file system in detail.
10. Who's using it?
● Usable 2 – your user and superuser(root).
● You are unable to do most processes like
installing a new program or execute certain files
● In order to do so you must give the root
password.
● It's the same as the account password that you
enter during installation.
12. Some common Software you will Use
● man
the manual pages.
Usage: man gedit
● cd
- change directory.
● Sudo
Superuser do.
eg. sudo program
13. ● ls
- list the contents of the directory you are currently
in.
- ls -a : list hidden(begin with .) files also.
- ls -l : list files with permissions.
● Pwd
- print working directory.
● Gedit
- simple text editor with gui.
14. ● cp
-To copy files or directory from one place to another.
- cp source file location current file location
- For copying directory use cp –r instead (recursive).
● mv
- To move files or directories from one place to another.
- mv source destination
- mv –r to move directories.
● mkdir:
- To create a directory
15. ● rmdir:
- To delete an empty directory.
● rm:
-To delete files and directories.
- rm filename
- rm –r to delete directory.
● chmod
- Change File Permission
eg: chmod 777 filename.
16. ● The 777 in the example refer to the permissions
in binary.
- 001 = execute only (1 binary)
- 010 = write only (2 binary)
- 100 = read only (4 binary)
- 011 = write and execute only ( 2 + 1 = 3 )
- the order is user , group , others.
17. ● Top
- system's current running applications.
- Task manager.
● head
- display the first few lines of a file.
● tail
- display the last few lines of a file.
18. ● ssh
- secure shell : allows you to remotely access
any other computer allowing this protocol.
● sftp
- secure file transfer protocol .
● nano
- simple command line text editor.
19. ● cat
- Print contents of file to standard out.
- eg: cat filename.
● more and less
- page files one screen at a time
20. ● apt-get
- The best way to install anything . Ever.
eg. Sudo apt-get install program.
● synaptic
- Synaptic package manager .
- Repairs packages .
- Install more than one at a time.
● vim
- complete command line text editor.
21. ● Some Extra Things to know:
- Keep Googling.
- During installation some folders can be
located to a different partition altogether.
- Advantage :
Your linux operating may crash without taking
all your files with it.